• Common Name: Facultative parasites
• Most are free-living, but a few are accidentally facultatively or periodically parsitic
• Eggs are small, thin-shelled, & larvated
• Rhabditiform esophagus in free-living adults
• Small, thin parasites

• Common Name: Hookworms
• Males have caudal copulatory bursa
• Buccal capsule is large, heavly sclerotized, & armed with cutting plates, teeth, or lancets
• Feed by sucking blood
• Eggs thin-shelled & in morula stage
• Anterior end curved dorsad
• Live in the small intestine of host
• Most species migrate in definitive host

• Common Name: Strongyles
• Males have caudal copulatory bursa
• Buccal capsule is large & heavily sclerotized
• Eggs thin-shelled & in morula stage
• Mouth directed anteriorly & surrounded by a corona radiata
• Live in the large intestine of the host
• Life cycles direct
• Both migratory & non-migratory

• Common Name: Trichostrongyles
• Males have caudal copulatory bursa
• Bucaal capsule is reduced
• Eggs thin-shelled & in morula stage
• Parasitic in the GI tract of vertebrates
• Life cycles direct
• Non-migratory

• Common Name: Lungworms
• Males have caudal copulatory bursa (smaller than strongyoidea & trichostrongyloidea)
• Buccal capsule is small
• Usually leave the definitive host as larvae rather than as eggs
• Usually occur in the lungs of mammals
• Life cycle commonly indirect
• Migratory in definitive host

• Common Name: Ascarids
• Large, stout worms of the small intestine
• 3 conspicuous lips around the mouth opening
• No buccal capsule
• Direct or indirect life cycle depending on species
• Eggs have a thick albuminous shell
• Most species migrate in definitive host

• Common Name: Pinworms
• Medium size worms w/ slender, sharp-pointed tails in females
• No buccal capsule
• Conspicuous muscular bulb on posterior end of esophagus
• Live in posterior portion of large intestine
• Eggs thin-shelled, asymmetrical
• Life cycles direct- no migration

• Common Name: Filarial worms
• Esophagus divided into anterior muscular & posterior glandular portions
• Life cycle indirect
• Males frequently have a spirally coiled tail
• Parasitic outside the enteric tract in the body tissues (e.g. connective tissue, blood vessels, etc.)
• Long, thin worms w/ a small mouth & no buccal capsule, pharynx, or lips
• Females produce microfilariae (1st stage larvae)
• Migrate in the definitive host

• Common Name: Kidney worm
• Stout worms w/ long cylindrical esophagus
• Lips & buccal capsule reduced
• Female w/ a single ovary (both sexes w/ single gonad)
• Male w/ one spicule & a terminal sucker
• Eggs deeply sculptured or pitted, with polar plugs
• Life cycle indirect
• Migrate in definitive host

• Common Name: Whip-like worms, stichosome worms, or capillary worms
• Anterior end more slender than posterior
• Lips & buccal capsule absent or much reduced
• Esophagus a very long, fine tube embedded mostly in a column of glandular cells (called a stichosome)
• Female w/ single ovary (both sexes w/ single gonad)
• Many species produce eggs w/ polar plugs
• Life cycle direct or indirect depending on species

• D.H. = dogs & wild canidae
• P.H. = rodents, etc.

• Male= 11-13 mm
• Female= 14-21 mm
• Eggs = 55-65 X 35-40 um

• 2-3 weeks

• Skin penetration by L3
• Ingestion of L3
• Ingestion of paratinic host
• Lactogenic

• Fewer larvae complete the life cycle
• Larvae go into hypobiosis
• Hormonal cues will wake up the larvae, they go into mammary glands, & then into puppies through milk

• Lethargy, melena, anemia, pale mucous membranes, listlessness, emaciation, dehydration, respiratory signs, death

• Fecal float, clinical signs, age of dog

• Pyrantel pamoate (treat every 2 wks.), fluids, warm electrolytes, B12, high protein diet, blood transfusions, iron supplementation

• Prevent predation, pick up feces, prophylaxis
• Maybe Fenbendazol 50 mg/kg frmo 40th day of gestation to 14th day of lactation for pregnant dogs

• Larval leak- hypobiotic worms wake up in response to the absence of worms in the intestines and go there
• Can make dewormer appear ineffective (but its not true)

• D.H. = cats
• P.H. = rodents, etc.

• Male = 9-11 mm
• Female = 12-15 mm
• Eggs = 55-65 x 35-42 um

• 3 weeks

• Ancylostoma
• Uncinaria
• Bunostomum
• Globocephalus

• Rhabditis
• Halicephalobus
• Stongyloides

• Strongylus
• Chabertia
• Oesophagostomum
• Stephanurus
• Cyathostomes

• Trichostrongylus
• Ostertagia
• Telodorsagia
• Haemonchus
• Cooperia
• Nematodirus
• Hyostrongylus
• Ollulanus

• Dictyocaulus
• Aelurostrongylus
• Filaroides
• Oslerus
• Muellerius
• Protostrongylus
• Metastrongylus

• Ascaris
• Parascaris
• Toxocara
• Toxascaris

• Oxyuris
• Skjabinema
• Probstmayria
• Enterbius

• Dirofilaria
• Dipetalonema
• Elasophora
• Onchocerca
• Parafilaria
• Setaria
• Staphanofilaria
• Dracunculus

(Don't have to know past Dipetalonema)