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Accounts for the level, direction and persistence of effort expended at work |
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An unfulfilled physiological or psychological desire |
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Physiological, safety and social needs in Maslow's Hierarchy |
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Esteem and self-actualization needs in Maslow's Hierarchy |
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Found in job content, such as sense of achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement or personal growth |
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Found in the job context, such as working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary |
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The desire to do something better, to solve problems, or to master complex tasks |
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The desire to control, influence, or be responsible for other people |
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The desire to establish and maintain good relations with people |
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A person's belief that working hard will result in high task performance |
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A person's belief that various outcomes will occur as a result of task performance |
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The value a person assigns to work-related outcomes |
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States that behavior followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated; behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is not |
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The control of behavior by manipulating its consequences |
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Strengthens a behavior by making a desirable consequence contingent on its occurrence |
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Strengthens a behavior by making the avoidance of an undesirable consequence contingent on its occurrence |
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Discourages a behavior by making an unpleasant consequence contingent on its occurrence |
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Discourages a behavior by making the removal of a desirable consequence contingent on its occurrence |
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