Term
|
Definition
Primary purpose is to hoist drill pipe and bit in and out of the hole and to pull up on the drilling pipe while drilling to keep the drill string in tension.
The primary components include the drawworks, drilling line, crown block, traveling block and mast or derrick. The traveling block is equipped with a drilling hook to pick up necessary equipment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A large spool where the drilling line is wrapped. The drawworks can move in either direction, either releasing line which lowers the traveling block, or retrieving line, which raises the traveling block. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A woven wire rope, typically ranges in diameter between 7/8” to 2”. It’s wound around the drawworks and is threaded through the traveling block and crown block, and then is fastened to the base of the rig. It’s used to raise or lower the traveling block. The portion of the line between the drawworks and the crown block is called the “fast line’ because it moves faster than any other part of the drilling line. The portion of the line between the crown block and the point where it is fastened to the rig is called the “dead line” because it doesn’t move. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A derrick is a more or less permanent structure, its legs sit on the rig floor and it must be dissembled to move. A mast is designed to either fold or telescope, which makes it much more portable. Most land rigs use masts, and most offshore rigs use derricks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A set of fixed pulleys located at the top (crown) of the mast or derrick |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A set of pulleys that move up and down inside the mast or derrick. The traveling block is equipped with a hook (drilling hook) which is used to pick up equipment (like the kelly or top drive) and to pick up drill pipe to add to the drill stringq |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - Primary components include the swivel, kelly, rotary table, drill pipe, drill collars, and bit. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This device hangs from the drilling hook on the traveling blocks and allows everything below it to rotate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a piece of pipe typically 40-60 feet long attached below the swivel. It is either a square or hexagonal shaped piece of pipe, typically 40-60 feet long. The kelly fits inside kelly bushing, which in turn fits into part of the rotary table called the master bushing. When the rotary table turns, the master bushing and the kelly bushing also turn, and causes the kelly to rotate. The shape of the kelly insures that it does not “slip” inside the kelly bushing. “Slips” are fit around the drill string and sit in the master bushing to hold the pipe while additional joints are added or removed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| With its master bushing and kelly bushing, this device supplies the necessary torque to turn the drill string. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The alternative way to rotate drill pipe is with a . The is suspended below the traveling blocks, and is equipped with a motor to turn the drill string. are able to deliver more torque to the drill string than the rotary table, and are preferred when drilling long horizontal holes. On a top drive rig, there is no |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists of drill pipe and drill collars. The primary difference is drill collars are much thicker walled pipe, and are placed just above the bit to place weight on the bit. Drilling fluid is circulated down the interior of the drilling string to the bit, and is circulated out of the hole in the annular space (space between the outside of the drill string and the diameter of the hole). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drilled adjacent to the drilling hole and holds the next joint of drill pipe to be added to the string. A second and larger hole is drilled, the rate hole, to hold the kelly when it’s not in use. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| , roller cone and fixed cutter. The predominant roller cone bit is the tri-cone, which consists of three cones that rotate as the bit is turned. The most common type of fixed cutter bit now in use is the polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Primary purpose is to circulate fluids down hole to keep the drill bit cool and remove cuttings from the hole. The main components include the mud pit or tank, shale shaker, desander, desilter, degasser, mud pumps, and various hoses and pipes to connect the equipment together. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| primary purpose is to generate power for the rig. Modern rigs use diesel engines to drive electrical generators, which in turn, power motors on the rig to run the mud pumps, rotary table (or top drive), and drawworks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drilling mud, a mixture of finely ground bentonite clay and water. If a higher mud density is required, the mixture is “weighted up” with the addition of barite. If the rock strata are free of water, it is possible to use air for a drilling fluid rather than mud. This requires the addition of an air compressor to the equipment on location. Air drilling cannot be used to drill through high pressure zones, because there |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| : keep the bit cooled, remove cuttings from the hole, and maintain a hydrostatic pressure greater than formation pressure to prevent kicks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The onshore drilling rig is supervised by the tool pusher. The crew also includes a driller, derrickhand, and two or three floor hands, often referred to as rough necks or floormen. When the rig is not tripping pipe, the derrickhand is responsible for monitoring the condition of the mud.
On offshore platforms, roustabouts are also employed to load and unload equipment and supplies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a large barge equipped with legs which can be raised for towing, and then lowered when the rig reaches the location. The legs rest of the sea floor, the barge is “jacked up” so that the barge is above the ocean surface enough to avoid wave action. Jack ups can be used in water depths up to 400 feet. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are platforms that can be moved from place to place. The lower portion of the platform consists of columns and pontoons which can be flooded to add stability to the platform while drilling. When the drilling is completed, the flooded tanks are emptied, and the platform can be towed to other locations. |
|
|
