Shared Flashcard Set

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Intro to Recording
Editing, Microphones, Speakers, Digital Audio
56
Music
Undergraduate 2
04/07/2009

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Cards

Term
standard speed for tape
Definition
15 or 30 IPS (inches per second)
Term
print through
Definition
echo sound
Term
editing
Definition
removal of unwanted noise and reordering or replacement of recorded material
Term
splicing
Definition
physical action of cutting the tape and reassembling it
Term
shuttling
Definition
switching rapidly and repeatedly between the fast forward and rewind switches
Term
rocking
Definition
slower, more accurate form of shuttling done by hand
Term
2 fundamental kinds of microphones
Definition
dynamic and condenser
Term
2 kinds of dynamic microphones
Definition
moving coil and ribbon
Term
transient response
Definition
response time of microphone
Term
3 directional characteristics
Definition
Omnidirectional
Bidirectional
Unidirectional
Term
XLR connector
Definition
plugs into the bottom of the microphone
Term
diaphragm
Definition
flexible substance under tension vibrates in responce to changes in atmospheric pressure caused by compression and rarefaction of molecules of a sound wave
Term
moving coil microphone
Definition
wire in magnetic field is attached to diaphragm which causes it to move in concert with diaphragm. free electrons within wire begin to flow as a result of movement
Term
SPL
Definition
sounds pressure level
Term
ribbon microphone
Definition
diaphragm is thin, metallic ribbon, very fragile
Term
condenser microphones
Definition
capacitor capable of storing and discharging an electrical charge
best vocal microphones
Term
lavalieres
Definition
body microphones
2 types:moving coil and electric capacitor
Term
boundary microphones
Definition
attached to stiff, sound reflecting surfaces
Term
shotgun microphones
Definition
picks up sound from greater distance and more clarity
Term
wireless microphone systems
Definition
broadcast on specific radio frequencies
requires transmitter, antenna, and receiver
Term
bidirectional
Definition
sensitive front and back
Term
omnidirectional
Definition
equally sensitive in all directions
Term
unidirectional
Definition
sensitive in front
Term
monitor
Definition
subjective standard or reference
Term
active loudspeaker
Definition
amplifier used
Term
passive loudspeaker
Definition
no amplifier used
Term
crossover
Definition
properly distribute sound to each speaker
frequency dividing network
Term
near field
Definition
close to listener
maximizing direct energy
Term
far field
Definition
full range
a lot of power
braod frequency response
Term
infinite baffel
Definition
wall encloses speaker
Term
bit rate of CDs
Definition
16 bit
Term
theory of speakers
Definition
magnet used to convert electrical nergy into physical movement which causes the mechanical motion of diaphragm that initiates the sound wave
Term
3 types of speakers
Definition
moving coil
ribbon
condenser/electrostatic
Term
ribbon speaker
Definition
handle higher frequencies
thin metal strip
Term
electrostatic/condenser speakers
Definition
very rare
moving plate
Term
mid-range drivers
Definition
reproduce frequencies between woofers and tweeters
Term
3 types of studio monitors
Definition
bookshelf speakers
sound cubes
enclosures
Term
bookshelf speakers
Definition
how mix will sound on "normal" speakers
Term
sound cubes
Definition
how mix will sound on inexpensive stereo systems
Term
enclosures
Definition
boxes that hold speakers
eliminate errant vibrations
Term
line arrays
Definition
used for concerts/arenas
Term
impedance
Definition
resistance
Term
2 main parts of digital audio file
Definition
header and audio data
Term
header
Definition
store info about the files: resolution, sampling rate and type of compression
Term
WAV
Definition
default format on Windows
uncompressed and take up a lot of space
Term
AIFF
Definition
default audio format for Macs
compression creates compatibility problems
Term
PCM (Pulse Code Modulation)
Definition
storing and transmitting uncompressed digital audio
representation in binary
Term
DPCM (differential pulse code modulation)
Definition
simle form of lossy compression
4 bits to store difference
Term
nyguist theorem
Definition
sample rate must be twice the highest frequency that we wish to sample
Term
non-lossy/ lossless
Definition
minimally reduce data 2:1 compression
Term
loosy
Definition
store more data
sounds worse
Term
MIDI
Definition
Musical instrument digital interface
used by synths and sequencers to communicate
Term
SMPTE
Definition
Society of motion picture and television
time based code used by machine to stay synchronized
Term
amplifier
Definition
takes signal and increases amplitude
Term
omnidirectional mic examples
Definition
both dynamic and condenser
Term
bidirectional examples
Definition
ribbon
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