Term
| What makes up the nervous system at a cellular level? |
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Definition
| Neurons, their processes, and glia |
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Term
| Soma or Perikaryon are alternate names for what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Thin, tube-like structures projecting from the soma are known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two kinds of neurites? |
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Definition
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Term
| What neurite projects only a short distance from the soma and contain specialized protein receptors designed to receive signals from other cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| The dendritic branches of a single neuron are collectively known as a what? |
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Definition
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Term
| A singular projection of the soma that may extend a great distance within the nervous system is known as what structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| The small, elevation projecting from the soma that establishes the start of an axon is referred to as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The uninsulated portion of the axon following the axon hillock that is rich in voltage-gated sodium channels is known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What specialized structure is found at the end of an axon? |
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Definition
| Axon terminal (or terminal bouton) |
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Term
| Intercellular connections between neurons containing small vesicles filled with neurotransmitters are known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are considered to be the supporting cells of the central nervous system, numbering up to 10x the amount of neurons |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the functions of glial cells? |
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Definition
| Regulation of the chemical milieu in the extracellular space, myelination of neurons, phagocytosis, repair, lining the ventricles of the brain |
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Term
| Where is the central nervous system located? |
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Definition
| Skull and veterbal column |
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Term
| What are the segments of the CNS? |
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Definition
| Cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord |
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Term
| What is the primary processor of sensory information and the executor of responses? |
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Definition
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Term
| The brain receives roughly how much cardiac output? |
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Definition
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Term
| The brain receives roughly how much body oxygen? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the orientation of the central axis of the nervous system change? |
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Definition
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Term
| Above the brainstem, what word is used to refer to towards the front of the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
Above the brainstem, what word is used to refer to towards the back of the brain?
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Definition
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Term
Above the brainstem, what word is used to refer to towards the bottom of the brain?
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Definition
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Term
Above the brainstem, what word is used to refer to towards the top of the brain?
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Definition
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Term
| At or bellow the brainstem, rostral refers to what direction? |
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Definition
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Term
At or bellow the brainstem, caudal refers to what direction?
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Definition
| Toward the bttom of the spinal cord |
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Term
At or bellow the brainstem, ventral refers to what direction?
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Definition
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Term
At or bellow the brainstem, dorsal refers to what direction?
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Definition
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Term
| Pathways and projections conducting toward a structure are known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pathways and projections conducting away from a structure are known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The complex processing of sensory information and formulation of motor responses is performed where? |
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Definition
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Term
| What must sensations reach in order to be consciously perceived? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the components of the cerebrum? |
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Definition
| Diencephalon, two cerebral hemispheres, cerebral cortex (outer surface) |
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Term
| What structures are contained in the two cerebral hemispheres of the cerebrum? |
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Definition
| Gyri (ridges) and sulci (furrows) |
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Term
| The internal fluid filled spaces of the cerebrum are known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What gives gray matter its light gray color? |
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Definition
| High number of neuronal cell bodies |
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Term
| What constitutes as gray matter? |
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Definition
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Term
| What gives white matter its lighter collor? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two primary white matter structures in the cerebrum? |
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Definition
| Corpus callosum and the internal capsule |
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Term
| What is the major pathway for axons crossing between the cerbral hemispheres? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the major pathway between the cerebral hemispheres and more caudal structures such as the thalamus, brainstem, etc. |
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Definition
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Term
| Gyri and sulci serve to perform what function? |
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Definition
| Increase surface area of the cerebral cortex |
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Term
| Deeper and more consistent sulci are known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary fissures anatomically divide the cerebrum into what functional areas? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is actively secreted by the brain within ventricles? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of ventricles within the brain? |
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Definition
| Float the brain within the cranial cavity |
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Term
| What structure is the major relay and processing center for sensation and motor function, also known as a switchboard for most brain activity? |
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Definition
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Term
| The diencephalon is composed of what structures? |
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Definition
| Hypothalamus, epithalamus, and subthalamus |
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Term
| What area of the diencephalon is the primary center for autonomic nervous system regulation? |
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Definition
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Term
| A group of nuclei in the brain that are involved in motor processing are known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is involved in the consolidation of memory? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the hippocampal formation located? |
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Definition
| Medial temporal lobe on each side of the brain |
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Term
| What part of the brain uses complex sensory information to unconsciously modulate motor activity? |
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Definition
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Term
| The CNS interface for most of the cranial nerves (PNS) providing first order processing of primary sensations as well as some special senses such as hearing and taste is known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Neurons found in the brainstem are associated with what types of signals? |
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Definition
| Somatic motor and parasympathetic |
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Term
| What are the primary divisions of the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nuclei for eye movement control through cranial nerves III and IV are found where? |
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Definition
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Term
| The major nuclei for communication between the cerebrum and cerebellum as well as nuclei for cranial nerves V, VI, VII, and VIII are found where? |
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Definition
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Term
| Major nuclei associated with consciousness, autonomic control of heart rate and breathing, and nuclei for cranial nerves IX, X, XI, and XII are found where? |
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Definition
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Term
| What forms the primary point of interface for the CNS with the body via periphery nerves? |
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Definition
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