Term
| Three major levels of public law enforcement are: |
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Definition
| Federal, State, and Local |
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Term
| Law enforcement officers are authorized to perform four specific functions which are: |
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Definition
| Conduct criminal investigations, execute search warrants, make arrests and carry firearms |
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Term
| What is the Combined DNA Index system? |
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Definition
| A computerized forensic database of DNA profiles of offenders convicted of serious crimes as well DNA profiles from unknown offenders |
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Term
| What did the DNA Identification Act of 1994 authorize? |
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Definition
| It is enhanced through the work of federal, state and local law enforcement agencies that take DNA samples from biological evidence gathered at crime scenes and from offenders themselves, then required DNA from offenders convicted of serious crimes to be put into the system. |
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Term
| What do centralized state police agencies generally do? |
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Definition
| Assist local law enforcement departments in criminal investigations when asked to do so, operate a centralized identification bureau, maintain a centralized criminal records repository, patrol the state's highways, and provide select training for municipal and county officers |
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Term
| Who was the first modern force to combine the duties of state police agencies? |
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Definition
| Pennsylvania Constabulary a.k.a. Pennsylvania State Police |
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Term
| What is the job of a sheriff in local communities? |
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Definition
| They are elected officials who are responsible for law enforcement in unincorporated areas and for the operation of the local jail; they are also responsible for serving court papers (i.e., civil summons) and are responsible for more detainees awaiting trial than any other type of law enforcement department. |
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Term
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Definition
| A multi-agency law enforcement facility designed to enhance cooperative efforts through a coordinated process for collecting, sharing, and analyzing information in order to develop actionable intelligence. |
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Term
| What is the difference between chain of command and span of control? |
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Definition
| Chain of Commands is the unbroken line of authority that extends through all levels of an organization from highest to lowest and Span of Control is the number of police personnel or the number of units supervised by a particular officer. |
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Term
| The four epochs of the history of the American policing are: |
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Definition
Political Era: close ties between police and public officials (1840-1930)
Reform Era: pride in professional crime fighting, solving "traditional crimes" [murder, rape, and burglary] (1930-1970)
Community Era: stresses the service of police officers and envisions a partnership between police agencies and the community (1970s to present)
The New Era: securing the homeland, emphasis on terrorism prevention and intelligence-led policing (2001 to present) |
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Term
| What is the legalistic style of policing? |
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Definition
| A strict concern with enforcing the precise letter of the law |
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Term
| What is the service style of policing? |
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Definition
| A concern with helping rather than strict law enforcement |
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Term
| Three generic kinds of corporate strategies of American policing are: |
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Definition
Strategic: retaining the traditional police goal of professional crime fighting and enlarging target to include nontraditional kinds of criminals (serial offenders, gangs, white collar crime, computer crimes)
Problem-Solving: many crimes are caused by existing social conditions within the community and that crimes can be controlled by uncovering and effectively addressing underlying social problems
Community: partnership between police and community to work together on solving problems of crime and disorder |
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Term
| Community policing involves at least one of these four elements: |
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Definition
| Community-based crime prevention, reorientation of patrol activities to emphasize the importance of non-emergency services, increased police accountability to public, and decentralization of command, including greater use of civilians at all levels of police decision making |
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Term
| What did the Kansas City experiment results show? |
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Definition
| Citizens did not notice a change in the change of patrol patterns in two areas where the frequency was changed and the majority of reports came to polices attention after a considerable amount of time had passed. |
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Term
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Definition
| A police-management strategy designed to increase the productivity of patrol officers through scientific analysis and evaluation of patrol techniques |
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Term
| What does the evidence-based policing (EBP) demonstrate? |
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Definition
| Policing produce greater public safety without eroding civil liberties, more value for money be returned from investments in policing to cut costs of crime, better policing reduced high costs of growing prison population |
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Term
| What is police discretion? |
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Definition
| The opportunity of law enforcement officers to exercise choice in their daily activites |
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Term
| What rights are guaranteed under the 4th Amendment? |
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Definition
| The right against unreasonable search and seizure and the right against arrest without probable cause |
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Term
| What rights are guaranteed under the 5th Amendment? |
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Definition
| The right against self-incrimination, the right against "double jeopardy", and Due Process |
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Term
| What rights are guaranteed under the 6th Amendment? |
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Definition
| The right to a speedy trial, the right to a jury trial, the right to know the charges, the right to cross-examine witnesses, the right to a lawyer, the right to compel witnesses on one's behalf |
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Term
| What rights are guaranteed under the 8th Amendment? |
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Definition
| The right to reasonable bail, the right against excessive fines, the right against cruel and unusual punishments |
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Term
| What is writ of certiorari? |
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Definition
| The Court orders the record of a lower court case to be prepared for review |
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Term
| What is an emergency search? |
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Definition
| Those conducted without a warrant when special needs arise (public safety, the likely escape of a dangerous suspect, or the removal or destruction of evidence) |
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Term
| What is an anticipatory warrants? |
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Definition
| Search warrants issued on the basis of probable cause to believe that evidence of a crime, while not there currently, will likely be there when warrant is executed |
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