Term
| who is considered the father of cardiology, and what was his major discovery? |
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Definition
| william harvey, who figured out that blood moves around in a circle, by realizing that w/normal heart rate the body would need a lot more blood to be non-circulatory |
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Term
| which organ systems are directly involved in the exchange between the blood compartment and the outside environment? |
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Definition
| lungs, GI tract, kidneys, and skin |
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Term
| what are the 2 subsystems of the cardiovascular system? |
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Definition
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Term
| what ventricle does the pulmomary system use? |
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Definition
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Term
| what kind of oxygen does the pulmonary sytem carry in its veins, arteries? |
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Definition
| veins: oxygenated blood, arteries: deoxygenated |
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Term
| why are the walls of the RV thinner? |
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Definition
| it is a low pressure system, (high BP through the lungs could cause edema/pleural effusion). this is a benefit of having a four chambered heart |
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Term
| why is the systemic CV subsystem superior to the pulmonary subsytem? |
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Definition
| it services the entire body, has a higher blood volumed (.5 L pulm to 5.5 L sys), much higher pressure/resistance, and has local/neural/humoral control (pulm is just locally regulated) |
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Term
| what is the progression of blood flow through the body? |
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Definition
| SVC/IVC -> RA -> RV -> lungs -> LA -> LV -> aorta -> body |
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Term
| how are heart chambers arranged? organs receiving blood? are there any exceptions to this? |
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Definition
| in series (each side heart's output matches the other). organs receive blood in a parallel arrangement, which allows systemic blood to flow to different organs independently. the liver is the only exception to this, it receives blood directly |
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Term
| what are the atria for the most part? |
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Definition
| storage sacs/vessels (no valves, they are just constantly filled w/blood) |
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Term
| what is cardiac output, how is it measured? |
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Definition
| **cardiac output: CO = SV x HR. SV, stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped out of one ventricle in a single beat. CV is an amount of blood ejected by the heart/unit time (usually L/min) |
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Term
| is the pressure in the aorta constant? |
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Definition
| no, it rises when the heart beats (systolic), and drops when the heart is between beats (diastolic) |
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Term
| how does stroke volume affect pulse pressure? vessel diameter? |
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Definition
| with a higher SV, you have a greater PP. decreased vessel diameter will lower the PP (number of vessels increases and surface cross-sectional area increases) |
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Term
| which blood vessels have the highest cross sectional area? how does this affect blood velocity? |
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Definition
| capillaries (collectively), which have low velocity |
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Term
| what does "velocity" vs blood flow refer to? |
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Definition
| velocity refers to the rate at which an individual RBC moves, blood flow refers to multiple blood vessels |
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Term
| where is most of the blood at any one time? |
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Definition
| in the veins (less smooth muscle |
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