Morbidity

A diseased condition or state

Mortality

Death

Congenital

Conditions that are present at birth

Hereditary

Genetically transmitted from parent to offspring

Susceptibility

The state of being readily affected; lack immunity

Lysis

Destruction or Decomposition

Zoonosis

A disease of animals that can be transmitted to humans

Pathogenic

Able to produce disease

Etiology

The cause or origin of the disease

Eradicate

To remove completely

Acute

Having a short course; sudden onset

Chronic

Persisting over a long period of time

Infectious

Disease caused by living microorganisms

Contagious

Capable of being transmitted from individual to another

Occult

Concealed from observation

Epidemic

Occuring suddenly in nubers clearly in excess of normal expecancy

Endemic

Prevalence in a particular area or region

Virulence

The degree of the pathongenicity of a microorganism as indicted by the severity of the disease

Aerosolization

The process of dispersing a fine mist

Normal Flora

Bacteria normally residing; native inhabitants

Pleomorphic

A single organism, which is able to assume vrious distinct forms

2 of these 3 items must exist

1. Etiological Agent
2. Identifiable group of signs and symptoms
3. Consistent anatomical alterations
   

1. Noninfectious
2. Infectious
   

1. Nutritional Deficiency = Starvation; loss in calories; able to see ribs (Chronic)
2. Metabolic Disorders = Hyperthyroid; Diabetes
3. Trauma
4. Toxins
5. MIneral & Vitamin Deficiency

1. Bacteria
2. Viruses
3. Protozoa
4. Fungi
5. Parasites

Transmission

Spread of infectious disease

Animate Vectors

Living thing gives the disease (Transfers)

EXAMPLE of vectors: Ticks, fleas, leaches, mosquitos

(Anything that bites)

Inanimate Fomites

Fomites; nonliving; gives disease (transfers)

EXAMPLE: Dirty scrub top with ringwarm touches an animal and gives it ringwarm

Name the 6 portals of entry into the body

1. Inhalation into the respiratory tract
2. Ingestion into the GI tract
3. Inoculation or contact through the skin or mucus membranes, wound infection
4. Genital Urinary
5. Transplacental Infection
6. Umbilicus

Inhalation into the respiratory tract

Uses others to transfer;

EXAMPLE: Irritates host nose and host sneezes and trasnfers germs into air and next host inhales it in and so on and so forth

Ingestion into GI tract

To eat/ingest something;

EXAMPLE: A dog eats a flea → Tapeworm is created in the intestines → Dog then deficates out eggs/worms → Next  host ingests and process recycles

NOTE: The dog = host for tapewarm; The flea = intermediate host

Inoculation or contact through the skin or mucus membranes

Any open cut, wound or surgery and through this outside pathogens get in

Genital Urinary

Pathogens get in through urethral tract

EXAMPLE: STDs

Transplacental Infection

Pathogen gets through the placenta and to the fetus

NOTE: We cannot vaccinate pregnant animals because the live virus will infect fetus Um

Umbilicus

Infection gets to infinite through the umbilical cord

NOTE: When born the umiclical cord is immediately dipped and steralized

Disease resistance

The body's reaction:

1. Primary Defenders
2. Secondary Defenders

Primary Defenders

First line of defense against pathogens

EXAMPLES:

1. Surface of skin is dead and pathogens like living things; 1st defense
2. Mucus membranes: Line all of GI tract starting in the mouth
3. Respiratory tract: Dead end goes in/out some way through mucociliary elevator. Cilia moves things out of body. Swallow dust and cilia turns into mucus and it sticks to dust where we cough it back up or swallow the mucus where our body kills it with acid

Secondary Defense

Steps up when pathogens get past the first/primary defense

EXAMPLES:

1. Phagocytes: Eats what is not supposed to be in the body. Interlizes the bacteria and digests it with enzymes and dissolves bacteria
2. Antibodies: Sticky molecules. Sticks to bad bacteria/viruses making the phagocytes even more attracted to pathogens and come immediately to ingest them

Management factors influencing resistance

1. Signalment
2. Gentics
3. Nutrition
4. Environmental factors
5. Sanitation and Disinfection
6. Chronic infections, parasites
7. Vx
8. Physical fatigue
9. Stress

Parasites

(Pathogens) Find a host to live in/on

Bacteria

Viruses

Nonliving: Has no nucleus or membranes and cannot create the ability to multiply by itself. It needs a living host (ex: cell) to live in where it can use that living organism to multiply and spread the virus

EXAMPLES:

Rabies, DHPP, HIV, FeLV, H1N1

Fungi

Lives on the surface of the skin

EXAMPLE: Ringwarm

Protozoa

Single celled organisms that cannot eat & reproduce

EXAMPLES: Giardia & Amoebas