Term
| identify the top deadly emerging and neglected tropical diseases of the developing world |
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Definition
HIV/AIDS
malaria
tuberculosis
NTDs=taeniasis, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, schistosomiasis |
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Term
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Definition
and abnormailty with
recognizable signs
recognizable symptoms
lab findings (tests)
typical pathophysiological sequence (progress) |
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Term
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Definition
| a disease that has appeared in a pop for the first time, or thay may have existed previously but is rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range |
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Term
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Definition
| disease affecting 1 billion ppl, 1/3 of global pop, in exclusively impoverished nations so they are overlooked |
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Term
| define infectious disease |
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Definition
| diseases caused by pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites that spread, directly or indirectly, from one organism to another |
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Term
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Definition
any disease causing microorganism or agent
bacteria pathogen that causes tuberculosis
virus pathogen causes hiv/aids
parasite is pathogen that causes malaria |
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Term
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Definition
| infectious diseases of animals that can cause disease when transmitted to humans |
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Term
| diagram the pathway of transmission of a zoonitc disease |
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Definition
wildlife to humans
domestic animals to humans
other wildlife to humans
at least 58% of the emerging diseases that humans presently face are zoonotic in origin |
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Term
| identify the pathogen that causes each of the top deadly emerging and ntds |
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Definition
malaria=parasitic protist
HIV/AIDS=virus
tuberculosis=bacterium
NTDs= parasitic protises, parasitic invertebrates |
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Term
| interpret a map related to the general trends in disease distribution, economy, and life expectancy/death rate |
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Definition
in class activity
relationship bt health care spending, GDP, disease rate, longevity and death rate |
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Term
| recall that the US is 50th in infant morality rate in the world |
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Definition
okie dokie
the us has a higher infant mortality rate than all other developed countries |
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Term
| define a virus as an obligate intracellular parasite |
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Definition
| infectious agents that can repoduce only inside another cell by using a cell's structure and processes; obligate intracellular parasites |
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Term
| identify and label the features of an animal virus |
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Definition
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Term
| label the steps in the lysogenic and lytic cycles of virus reproduction |
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Definition
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Term
| explain the assciation between the lysogenic cycle and disease symptoms/dormancy |
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Definition
viral genome gets incorporated into hosts genome
can lie in dormancy for short or long periods of time
enters biosynthesis when activated |
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Term
| define a parasite and the difference bt macro- and micro- parasites |
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Definition
micro:
cannot be seen with the naked eye
usually transmitted directly bt hosts
ex:bacteria and viruses
macro:
can be seen with the naked eye
usually transmitted with intermediate host
diff life stages in diff hosts
ex: mites, ticks, worms, etc |
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Term
| describe and label the life cycle of taenia |
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Definition
| primary host to tape worm reproduction to mature eggs break off and mix with hosts feces, then enclosed larva in feces contaminate food, secondary host (cow) eats it, encysted larva in the meat, eaten by primary host (human) |
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Term
| list the cultural practices that affect the transmission of taeniasis |
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Definition
undercooked pork
pork valued protein source
livestock reared near humans
poor sanitation=transmission between pigs and ppl
complete life cycle |
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Term
identify for leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis the following
intermediate host or vector
pathogen
symptoms
prevalence |
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Definition
leishmaniasis/visceral/cutaneous=phlebotomus sand fly
protozoan parasite/leishmania
high fever, weightloss, swelling of spleen and liver, anaemia, fatal if unstreated(visceral)
cutaneous=skill lesions treatable, not fatal
prevelance=nearly as prev and deadly as malaria(500,000ppl)
trypanosomiasis
tsetse fly
trypanosome parasitic protist
"blood phase"=fever headaches, joint pains, itching, anemia
"neurological phase"=confusion, reduced cord, disrupted sleep, fatigue followed by mania
prev=most deadly of ntds, 50,000ppl |
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Term
| describe what is meant by an evolutionaly arms race between host defenses (or pharmaceutical treatment) and pathogens |
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Definition
they both adapt to one another.
bat to gun to same gun to new gun and so on(cartoon) |
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Term
| illustrate the arms race bt drug treatment plans and response of leishmaniasis pathogens |
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Definition
pathogen is natural selection then goes to the drugs/immune evolutinary response. then this new response becomes the natural selection for drugs, then the pathogen evoulutionary responses to that
cartoon again |
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Term
| describe how human culture influences the transmission of each disease |
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Definition
distribution of resources, culture, lifestyle, environment all work together to promote disease
intervention can make a huge impact on local communities all over the world |
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Term
| describe the first cases of HIV, where, when, and in which community |
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Definition
| 1981 los angeles in the gay community |
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Term
| identify the first country that first documented HIV |
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Definition
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Term
| identify the location where HIV made the jump from ape to human |
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Definition
central africa local villages
congo? |
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Term
| explain the cultural practices that allowed HIV to enter into humans and to spread |
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Definition
sharing needles in drug addicts
sharing needles to cure small pox
blood donations
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Term
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Definition
| A drug or set of drugs that prolongs life of HIV and keeps it down so it doesnt develop into AIDS. doesnt cure it tho |
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Term
| identify the political events that lead to south africas increase in aids victims |
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Definition
Apartheid
miners from infected countries moving there
prostitute mothers and miners
Mandela focused more on keeping country together
Becky then tackles the aids problems |
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Term
explain why "the cocktail" and other treatments are only effective against HIV for short periods of time
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Definition
| since it only prolongs life. Keeps the number or viruses down so the helper t cells can fight off other diseases that could affect the immune system. doesnt cure it completely from aids |
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Term
identify the structural components of a retrovirus, such as HIV
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Definition
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Term
| recall that living cells take DNA, convert to RNA , and then translate the RNA into proteins |
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Definition
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Term
recall that retroviruses carry RNA that must be converted to DNA before the cells protein synthesis machinery can create viral proteins
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Definition
process
viral RNA-(reverse transcription)-DNA-(transcription)-mRNA-(translation)-protein
Reproduction
1)attachment
2) fusion and entry
3) uncoating
4) reverse transcription
5)replication
6)integration
7)biosynthesis
8)maturation
9)release |
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Term
describe how a virus, such as hiv, enters into immune cells
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Definition
First infects macrophages: lysogenic dormancy
Then infects helper t cells: lytic biosynthesis
becomes aids when t cell count falls below a threshold
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Term
discriminate between the lytic and lysogenic cycle of HIV, and what is happening in each of these cycles
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Definition
| lysogenice cycle of HIV since it also has dormancy in integration |
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Term
define what is meant by HIV dormancy
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Definition
| shows no symptoms of the virus and is integrating the DNA before biosynthesis |
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Term
explain in evolutionary terms why we have not been able to find a cure for HIV/AIDS
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Definition
| the cocktail the virus adapted to (an evolutionary response) |
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