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Mosque of Ibn Tulun
- T-Plan and Hypostyle
- Large Courtyard - 92 m
- The minaret isn't from Egypt, it originates from Samarra
- The Decoration is Secondary to the Architecture
- 2 Center Arches |
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Abu Dulaf Mosque
- Very Similar to the Great Mosque of Samarra
- Walls were open to the people and not just open in one area
- Large spiral minaret |
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The Great Mosque of Kairouan
- Made of Stone and Brick
- Punctuated by two domes
- T-Plan and Hypostyle
- Where we see the dome, it indicates the qibla wall
- The dome outshines the rest of the architecture because more attention should be focused on the qibla wall
- First mosque with the mihrab in the shappe of a dome |
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| The most fundamental necessity of congregational mosque architecture is that it be able to hold the entire male population of a city or town (women are welcome to attend Friday prayers, but not required to do so) |
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- The direction of Mecca is called the qibla, and so the wall in which the mihrab is set is called the qibla wall.
- No matter where a mosque is, its mihrab indicates the direction of Mecca (or as near that direction as science and geography were able to place it). |
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a tower adjacent or attached to a mosque, from which the call to prayer is announced.
- The famous spiral minaret of Samarra, to the tall, pencil minarets of Ottoman Turkey. Not solely functional in nature, the minaret serves as a powerful visual reminder of the presence of Islam. |
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- a dome does possess significance within the mosque—as a symbolic representation of the vault of heaven.
- The interior decoration of a dome often emphasizes this symbolism, using intricate geometric, stellate, or vegetal motifs to create breathtaking patterns meant to awe and inspire.
- In mosques with only a single dome, it is invariably found surmounting the qibla wall, the holiest section of the mosque. The Great Mosque of Kairouan, in Tunisia has three domes: one atop the minaret, one above the entrance to the prayer hall, and one above the qibla wall. |
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Definition
Geometric and vegetative motifs
Calligraphy (Qua'ran)
Singular God
No representations of God |
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The Round City of Peace
- Imperialistic
- Lots of Philosophic ties
- The literal translation of Baghdad = God Given
- 2km in Diameter
- 30m high walls
- The royal mosque -- the mosque in Baghdad was attached to the Royal Palace.
Abassid |
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The Great Mosque of Samarra
- Material: Mud Bricks and Baked Bricks -- which were typically used for monuments (important structures)
- Most people think the spiral minaret was influenced by the Mesopotamian ziggurat. |
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The Great Mosque of Damascus
- Hypostyle
- Many columns
- Minarets
- Qibla
- Mosaic work: the motifs are vegetal
- Dome of the Treasury --> for offerings |
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- 40 km
- The capital of the Abbasids
- Al Moutasem - Caliph in 836 CE
- Home to 8 Caliphs
- Was the capital for a short time before renaming Baghdad the capital once again |
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The process or art of tessellating a surface, or the state of being tessellated.
- An arrangement of shapes closely fitted together, especially of polygons in a repeated pattern without gaps or overlapping. |
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| Simplified and abstracted style wise |
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| Came first. They were categorized as adaptation and juxtaposition. |
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Geometry and SImplicity. They were seen as purifications and simplifications of the Ummayads.
Inspired by Byzantine. |
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Located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, it is the holiest shrine in Islam.
The Kaaba was a sanctuary in pre-Islamic times. Muslims believe that Abraham—known as Ibrahim in the Islamic tradition—and his son, Ismail, constructed the Kaaba. |
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| 4 Elements of the Ummayad Ornament |
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Abstract and Vegetal Forms
Geometric Patterns
Calligraphy
Some Figural Decoration |
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| Leader, especially of ritual prayer |
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| The direction of prayer towards the Ka'ba in Mecca |
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| Pulpit in a congregational Mosque from which the sermon is delivered during worship on Fridays. |
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| Appears as an imperialistic thing. It is inspired by the Romans. Mosaic tiles showed an infinity |
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| Abbasid Decoration of the Architecture |
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Style A: Vegetal and Geometric
Style B: Freehanded
Style C: Infinite --> Tesselations |
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