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ISSA Section 1 - Anatomy & Physiology
ISSA personal trainer certification cards
20
Anatomy
Not Applicable
01/02/2018

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Term
Training Effect
Definition
An increase in functional capacity of muscles and other bodily tissues as a result of increased stress (overload) placed upon them.
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
The automatic tendency to maintain a relatively constant internal environment.
Term
Metabolism
Definition
The total of all the chemical and physical processes by which the body builds and maintains itself (anabolism) and by which it breaks down its substances for the production of energy (catabolism).
Term
Glucose
Definition
Principal circulating sugar in the blood and the major energy source of the body.
Term
Ketone Bodies
Definition
Bodies produced as intermediate products of fat metabolism.
Term
Lactic Acid
Definition
A by-product of glucose and glycogen metabolism in anaerobic muscle energetics.
Term
Amino Acids
Definition
The building blocks of protein.
Term
Fatty Acids
Definition
Any of a large group of monobasic acids, especially those found in animal and vegetable fats and oils.
Term
Anabolism
Definition
The building up in the body of complex chemical compounds from simpler compounds (e.g., proteins from amino acids).
Term
Catabolism
Definition
The breaking down in the body of complex chemical compounds into simpler ones (e.g., proteins to amino acids).
Term
Metabolic Set Point
Definition
The base rate of metabolism that the body seeks to maintain; resulting in basal metabolic rate.
Term
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Definition
The minimum energy required to maintain the body’s life function at rest; usually expressed in calories per hour per square meter of the body surface.
Term
Thermic Effect / Thermogenesis
Definition
The heat liberated from a particular food; it is a measure of its energy content and its tendency to be burned as heat. This process of heat liberation is also commonly referred to as “thermogenesis.”
Term
Calorie
Definition
A unit of heat; specifically, it is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius at 1 atmosphere.
Term
Respiratory Quotient
Definition
A method of determining the “fuel mix” being used, giving us a way to measure the relative amounts of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins being burned for energy.
Term
Oxidation
Definition
The chemical act of combining with oxygen or of removing hydrogen.
Term
Maximal Oxygen Uptake
Definition
The highest rate of oxygen consumption which a person is capable.
Term
BCAA's
Definition
help increase work capacity by stimulating production of insulin, the hormone that opens muscle cells to glucose.
Term
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Definition
An organic compound found in muscle which, upon being broken down enzymatically, yields energy for muscle contraction.
Term
Creatine Phosphate (CP)
Definition
A high-energy phosphate molecule that is stored in cells and can be used to immediately resynthesize ATP.
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