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IV Therapy
midterm chap 5
27
Health Care
Graduate
11/17/2008

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Term
balanced solution
Definition
parenteral solution that contains electrolytes in proportions similar to those in plasma, also bicarb or acetate ion
Term
catabolism
Definition
the breakdown of chemical compounds by the body, an energy producing metabolic process
Term
crystalloid
Definition
a substance that forms a true solution and is capable of passing through a semi permeable membrane (lactated ringsers, isotonic saline)
Dextrose, sodium chloride, multiple electrolyte solutions and alkalizing and acidifying solutions
Term
colloid
Definition
a substance (blood plasma albumin dextran) that does not dissolve into a true solution and is not capable of passing though a semi permeable membrane.
dextran, albumin, mannitol, hetastarch
Term
hydrating fluid
Definition
a solution of water, carbohydrate, sodium, and chloride used to determine adequacy of renal function. combine dextrose and hypotonic sodium chloride
Term
maintenance therapy
Definition
fluids that provide all nutrients to meed daily patient requirements
Term
plasma substitute
Definition
a solution of a synthetic substance, such as dextran, used as a substitute for plasma
Term
replacement therapy
Definition
replenishment of losses when maintenence can not be met and when patient is in a deficit state. given over 48 hr period for pt w/ hemmorage, low platelet count, vomiting, starvation
Term
restoration therapy
Definition
reconstruction of fluid and electrolyte needs on a continuing basis until homeostasis returns. concurrent loss acheived or still going
Term
3 main objectives of perenteral
Definition
1. maintain 2. replace 3. restore
Term
fn of glucose in parenteral therapry include all except
Definition
serves as a vehicle for blood transfusions

do include: provides calories for energy, helps to prevent negative nitrogen balance, reduces catabolisms of protein
Term
maintenance solutions are used for patients who
Definition
are npo for a short period of time
Term
most commonly used multiple electrolyte solution
Definition
lactated ringers solution
Term
most common complication of dextan admin
Definition
fluid overload
Term
purpose of a colloid solution
Definition
expand intravascular compartment
Term
dextrose and hypotonic sodium chloride solutions are considered hydrating fluids because
Definition
the water the provide equals that needed for excretion of sodium
Term
the expected outcome of admin hypertonic solution is to
Definition
shift ECF from intracellular space to plasma
Term
whihc solution used to prime the admisistration set when blood is to be administered
Definition
.9% sodium chloride
Term
key elements in parenteral soltions
Definition
water, carbs (glucose), amino acids, pH, vitamins, electorlytes
Term
isotonic solutions
Definition
.9% sodium chloride, 5% dextrose in water, lactated ringers
Term
hypotonic solution
Definition
.45% sodium chloride, 2.5% dextrose in water causes sell walls to swell
Term
hypertonic solutions
Definition
5% dextrose in .45% sodium chloride, 5% dextrose in .9% sodium chloride, 5% dextrose in lactated Ringer’s, 10% dextrose in water and colloids
Term
dextrose solutions
Definition
used to provide calories for energy, reduce catabolism of protein, and reduce protein breakdown of glucose to help prevent negative nitrogen balance
Term
dextrose combined with sodium chloride
Definition
best when used together when there has been an excessive loss of fluid through sweating, vomiting, gastric suctioning
Term
sodium chloride solutions
Definition
for schock, hyponatremia, blood transfusions, resusitation
Term
alkalizing fluids
Definition
1/6 molar sodium lactate
5% sodium bicarb
Term
acidifying solutions
Definition
.9 sodium chloride
ammonia chloride
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