- Hôjô Tokimasa's daughter

- marries Yoritomo

- after Yoritomo's passing, she becomes Shogunate regent in 1203

- Quells Emperor Gotoba's uprising in 1221, securing the roles of Hôjô as a lineage of regents to rule Japan

Extra: Ashikaga eventually overthrow the Hôjô

- Khubilai Khan (1215-1294) sends naval forces to Japan in 1274 and 1281

- Naval fleet forced back each time by kamikaze "divine winds"

- This led to a period of national emergency as it was the first "threat from abroad"

- Ashikaga Shogunates are 2nd in command to Hôjô

- The capital is moved back to Kyoto

- Zen Culture

- Noh Drama

- Established Rinzai Sect ca. 1191

- Goes to Song China 1168 and 1187 (meets monastic leaders and holy sites)

- Author of kissa yôjoki "Drinking Tea for Health (1211)

* studied under Tendai, the state appropriate religion

First text of its kind -- it recommends the medicinal benefits of powdered green tea

Anything else?

- Establishes Sôtô Sect in 1227

- Studies in Song China 1223-1227

- Believed exclusively in seated meditation "you should meditate to reach Enlightenment"

- he saw poetry as focused works on karma

- Establishes Nichiren Lotus Sect ca. 1253

- Emphasizes saving power of Lotus Sutra

- Ink Painting

- Rock Garden

- Tea Ceremony

- Noh Drama

- Monochrome ink paintings (sumi-e)

・ Brisk, calligraphic brushwork

・ Variety of subjects

・ Grand landscapes are the most common theme

Shubun (ca. 1450) noted master teacher

Sesshu (1420-1506) "splashed-ink" style

- Pioneer in rock garden design (associated with wabi-sabi)

- Use of pebbles for water

- Landscapes in miniature

- Objects for contemplation

- Refines tea ceremony (chanoyu)

- Promotes chadô and sadô

-Serves great warlords

Extra: kissa yôjoki relates to mappo, the five organs have five tastes-- the heart wishes for bitter--meaning green tea 

- Period of Unification

-castle building and castle towns

- in 1568, he enters Kyoto with 30,000 men

- declares himself protector of shogun and Emperor

- in 1571 he burns down Enryakuji

- controlled about 1/3 of Japan when he was assassinated in 1582 by vassals

* great era of castle building

- Hideyoshi completes the unification and expansion of power in Japan

- Humble beginnings, rises to greatness

- Kills Nobunaga's assassin

- Unifies country in eight years

- Invasions of Korea/China fail

- forced Sen no Rikyu to commit suicide

- ensured peace by disarming non-samurai

-did a detailed land survery and chose one of his son's to rule after his death

"Protectorate" of Hideyoshi's son until he was of age

- Battle of Sekigahara (1600)

- Establishes Tokugawa Shogunate (1605)

- the end of the Tokugawa Ieyasu period

-Tokugawa Ieyasu finally defeated the coalition of his last enemies to unite the country under his new bakufu govenrnment.

- Period of sustained peace

- growth of cities as agriculture (rather rapidly) becomes efficient--new farming technologies, crops did not burn down as much

- people from the previous era had trouble adjusting but enjoyed peace

- rise of urban culture (1675-1725) and a new merchant class chônin

-

*Notes from readings, not lecture

- Most famous of all Japanese poets

- born in low-ranking samurai household in Ueno

- master of his art "haikai renku, unorthdox linked verse"

- Famous for Oku no hosomichi

- karumi "lightness"

- Haikai is unorthodox writing, incl. prose and poetry.  The genre tends to use new colloquial language along with established poetic conventions and traditions from the past. 

- Haiku is the 17-syllable poetic form that comes out of this tradition, derived from the hokku (1st verse) of a renga sequence.  It began as the 1st verse of haikai (as opposed to aristocratic and traditional) renga (linked verse).

*Notes from reading, not lecture

Examples (846-860, 863, 864-872) poems with kasumi reflect light touch, self-conscious return to the carefree youth, albeit a youth tempered with the wisdom of dark age

- Warlords (daimyo) need to live in Edo for at least a year and then went home to manage their lands

- this allowed for peace--a system of checks and balances

- the main wife and the heiress lived in Edo (which increased the chances of a daimyo participating with the state (Tokugawa)

- Hierarchy is based on four main groups yet those of highest status seem to have the least amount of wealth

In order of status:

- Samurai defended the populace but became ronin "masterless samurai"

- Peasants produced food for the general populace

- Artisans made goods that were useful

- Merchants were of questionable worth because they made profit over other people's livelihoods, yet had the most money

- Rise of merchant class

- High literacy rate (Up to 50% for males)

- sanctioned pleasure quarters which allowed government control over such kinds of entertainment

- Geisha were courtesans, artists, actors, and entertainers of the pleasure quarters

*increase in civility and the cultivation of culture

- Famous for being a prolific poet

- Popular professional writer

- Develops ukiyo-zashi as a genre "Books of/from the the Floating World

Works:

Life of an Amorous Man (1682), Five Women who Loved love (1686), Life of an Amorous Woman (1686), The Eternal Storehouse of Japan (1688), and Tales of Samurai Duty (1688)

-Writings deal with city dwellers: amorous adventurers, townsmen, etc.

Themes in these works:

koushoku "erotic love"

heroes "have sui"

Universality of sex and money

giri-ninjou

-guides to the pleasure quarters

=published during the Edo period

-they told you which geisha was where, what she or the house was known for, where to go if you wanted to gamble, or the place with the best sake, etc. 

-They were part of the new commercial urban culture business.

- Conflict between societal duty and human feelings

An example is Kumagae Naozane's killing of Atsunori

Directed by Mizoguchi kenji (1898-1956)

Stars Tanaka Kinuyo and Mifune Toshiro

Adapted from Saikaku's Life of an Amorous Woman

- Winner of the International Prize at Venice Film Festival