Term
1-1
Describe the result of adding a large positive number and a smaller negative number |
|
Definition
| The result is a smaller positive number, and is the same as ignoring the signs and subtracting the smaller number from the larger. |
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Term
1-2
How do you convert a fraction into a decimal? |
|
Definition
| Divide the top number (numerator) by the bottom number (denominator) |
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Term
1–3
What is the key steps that must be performed in order to add or subtract unlike fractions? |
|
Definition
| You must find the lowest common denominator. |
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|
Term
1–4
How do you divide one fraction by another? |
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Definition
| You invert the divisor and multiply the numerators together in the denominators together. |
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Term
1–5
How can you convert a decimal into a percent? |
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Definition
| Multiply a decimal by 100 and as a % or move the decimal 2 places to the right and as a % |
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Term
1-6
How do you convert a fraction into a percent? |
|
Definition
| Convert it to a decimal, move the decimal two places to the right and add %. |
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Term
1-7
How do you convert a decimal into the nearest equivalent fraction? |
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Definition
| Multiple the decimal by the desired denominator. The result becomes the numerator in the fraction. |
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Term
1-8
What are two different ways that a ratio may be expressed? |
|
Definition
As a fraction.
By placing a colon between two numbers.
By using the word "to" between two number. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A statement of equality between two or more ratios. |
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Term
1-10
What is meant by the root of a number? |
|
Definition
| A root is two or more equal smaller numbers that, when multiplies together, equal the specified number |
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Term
1-11
How do you find the square of a number? Give an example. |
|
Definition
| Multiply the number by itself. Example 4x4=16 |
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Term
1-12
What is a common method of making computations involving very large or very small numbers more manageable? |
|
Definition
| Convert the numbers into scientific notation by using powers of 10. |
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Term
1-13
How is 100,000 expressed as a power of 10? |
|
Definition
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Term
1-14
What formula is used to find the area of a rectangle and of a triangle |
|
Definition
Rectangle: A=LxW
Triangle: A=1/2(BxH) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pi is a constant that expresses the relationship between the circumference of a circle and its diameter and is approximately equal to 3.1416. |
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Term
1-16
Describe a trapezoid. |
|
Definition
| A trapezoid is a closed, four-sided figure having two parallel sides and two sides that are not parallel. |
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Term
1-17
What is the formula for computing the area of a circle? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any substance that occupies space and has mass |
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Term
2-2
Name three states of matter |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
2-4
Work is the product of what two factors? |
|
Definition
| Force and distance moved (W = F X D) |
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Term
2-5
What are the parts of a lever: |
|
Definition
| The rod (arm) and the fulcrum (the pivot point) |
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Term
2-6
A wheelbarrow is what class of lever? |
|
Definition
| second class (first class: see-saw, third class: tweezers) |
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Term
2-7
Are all three states of matter affected by thermal expansion? If so, which is affected most? |
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Definition
| All three are affected, gases are affected the most |
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Term
2-8
What is a British Thermal Unit? |
|
Definition
| The amount of heat energy required to change the temperature of 1 pound of water 1 degree Fahrenheit. (778 foot-pounds) |
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Term
2-9
Three methods of heat transfer? |
|
Definition
| Conduction, convection, radiation |
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Term
2-10
What term defines the temperature at which all molecular activity stops? |
|
Definition
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Term
2-11
Can liquids be compressed? |
|
Definition
| No, liquids are generally considered incompressible |
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Term
2-12
What are the units used to express hydraulic or pneumatic pressure |
|
Definition
| Pounds per square inch (PSI) |
|
|
Term
2-13
Describe how pressure is transmitted when a force is applied to a confined liquid |
|
Definition
| Pressure is transmitted equally in all directions |
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|
Term
2-14
What formula expresses the relationship between force, pressure, and area |
|
Definition
| Force = Area X Pressure (F over A I P) |
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Term
2-15
What is the approximate speed of sound at sea level on a standard day? |
|
Definition
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Term
2-16
What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level on a standard day? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
2-17
On a standard day at sea level, what is temperature? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
2-18
What is the term used to describe the ratio between the amount of moisture actually present in the atmosphere compared to the amount the air could hold? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
2-19
What are the four principle forces acting on an airplane in flight? |
|
Definition
| Thrust, Drag, Lift, Gravity |
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|
Term
2-20
What is the term that describes the angle between the relative wind and the chord line of an airfoil? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
2-21
What are the factors that cause a wing to stall? |
|
Definition
| when the angle of attack exceeds a critical value and the airflow separates from the upper surface and becomes turbulent |
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|
Term
2-22
What are the principle effects that result from lowering the flaps while in flight? |
|
Definition
| Lift increases, drag increases, and decreases stall speed |
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Term
2-23
What is the function of a wing mounted vortex generator? |
|
Definition
| They delay or prevent airflow from separating from the upper surface of a wing during high speed flight (prevent boundary layer separation) |
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Term
2-24
How does blade flapping help to compensate for dis-symmetry of lift in helicopter main rotor systems? |
|
Definition
| Flapping decreases the angle of attack and lift on the advancing blade, and increases the angle of attack and lift on the retreating blade. |
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Term
2-25
How does the airflow through the main rotor of a helicopter change during the transition from normal flight to auto-rotation? |
|
Definition
| During normal flight air moves downward, in auto-rotation air moves upward |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opposition to relative motion between two objects in contact with each other |
|
|
Term
3-1
One kilowatt is equal to how many watts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
3-2
What law describes the basic relationships in an electrical circuit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
3-3
What are the three elements of Ohm's law? |
|
Definition
| Voltage, Current, Resistance |
|
|
Term
3-4
How would you write Ohm's law as an equation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
3-5
If the resistance in a DC circuit remains the same but the voltage doubles, what happens to the amount of current flowing in the circuit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
3-6
In DC circuits, what unit measures power? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
3-7
What three elements are required to form an electrical circuit? |
|
Definition
| A source of electrical energy, a load or resistance to use electricity, and wires or conductors to connect them (source, load, conductor) |
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|
Term
3-8
DC circuits can take one of three forms or types, what are they? |
|
Definition
| Series, Parallel, or Series-Parallel |
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Term
3-9
A 24 volt lead acid battery has how many cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
3-10
A fully charged lead acid battery has a specific gravity range between what two values? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
3-11
You must apply a correction to the specific gravity reading of the electrolyte of a lead acid battery when the temperature is outside of what two temperatures? |
|
Definition
| 70 and 90 degrees Fahrenheit |
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|
Term
3-12
What is the reason for having separate facilities for storing and servicing nickel-cadmium and lead-acid batteries? |
|
Definition
| The electrolytes are chemically opposite and the fumes from one can contaminate the electrolyte of the other |
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Term
3-13
The state of charge of a nickel-cadmium battery cannot be determined by measuring the specific gravity of the electrolyte for what reason? |
|
Definition
| There is no significant change in the specific gravity of the electrolyte as the battery is charged or discharged in Ni-Cad batteries |
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|
Term
3-14
What is the principal advantage of AC over DC? |
|
Definition
| Power can be transmitted over long distances more efficiently and with smaller wires because the voltage can be easily increased or decreased by a transformer |
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|
Term
3-15
What are the three causes of opposition to current flow in an AC circuit? |
|
Definition
| Resistance, Capacitive reactance, and Inductive reactance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| property of circuit which opposes change in current. |
|
|
Term
3-17
What component creates capacitance in AC circuits? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
3-18
How does a capacitor store electricity? |
|
Definition
| Energy is stored in the form of an electrostatic charge or field that exists between two conductors separated by an insulator |
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|
Term
3-19
What property of an AC circuit is defined by the term impedance? |
|
Definition
| Total opposition to current flow |
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|
Term
3-20
What are two reasons that might cause a nickel-cadmium battery to fail to deliver its rated capacity? |
|
Definition
| Faulty cells or cell imbalance |
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|
Term
3-21
What electrical values are measured by a typical multimeter ? |
|
Definition
| Voltage, Current, Resistance |
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|
Term
5-1
How many views are required to represent the important details of most aircraft ? |
|
Definition
| One, Two, or Three are usually enough |
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|
Term
5-2
What kinds of parts can be represented by one-view drawings? |
|
Definition
| Parts with the same thickness. (Uniform thickness, like shims, plates, or gaskets) |
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|
Term
5-3
What is the name for a part of a drawing used to bring out important details and how it is drawn? |
|
Definition
| A detailed view. Its drawn to larger scale than main drawing |
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|
Term
5-4
What is the purpose of schematic diagrams? |
|
Definition
| Primarily for troubleshooting systems |
|
|
Term
5-5
Describe an orthographic projection |
|
Definition
| A way of drawing an object using different views such as top, front, and side view |
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|
Term
5-6
Why do manufacturers use symbols on aircraft drawings? |
|
Definition
| Symbols on aircraft drawings are a way to convey information about the component using the least amount of writing. |
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|
Term
5-7
Describe the appearance of lines used to show hidden views, alternate positions, and the middle of symmetrical objects, and give their proper names |
|
Definition
Hidden views are hidden lines with short, evenly spaced dashes.
Alternate positions are phantom lines with light, alternating long dashes and 2 short dashes.
Center lines are alternating long and short dashes |
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|
Term
5-8
How can you determine if a drawing has been changed? |
|
Definition
| A record of changes is listed either in a revision block or in ruled columns which may be in a corner of the drawing or next to the title block |
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|
Term
5-9
How are dimensions shown on aircraft drawings, what is their purpose? |
|
Definition
| Dimension lines are solid and broken at the midpoint for inserting measurements, they provide a means to accurately represent the size of an object |
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|
Term
5-10
What is the difference between "allowance" and "tolerance" |
|
Definition
Allowance: difference between nominal dimension and max. or min. permissible sizes.
Tolerance: difference between maximum and minimum extreme permissible dimensions, found by adding the plus and minus allowances. |
|
|
Term
5-11
What is meant by clearance on aircraft drawings? |
|
Definition
| An allowable dimension between two parts |
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|
Term
5-12
What kinds of information about an aircraft drawing can be found in the title block? |
|
Definition
| Part or assembly name, drawing size, scale, date, company name, name or initials of people creating or approving drawing |
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|
Term
5-13
What info is contained in a bill of materials? |
|
Definition
| A list of materials needed to fabricate the part. |
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|
Term
6-1
If an aircraft is loaded so that the aft C.G. limit is exceeded, what undesirable flight characteristic is likely to result? |
|
Definition
| The aircraft will be tail-heavy. It may be unable to recover from a stall or spin |
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|
Term
6-2
If all the records for an aircraft are missing, how would you determine the empty weight and empty weight C.G. ? |
|
Definition
| Aircraft would have to be re-weighed and new weight and balance records would have to be prepared |
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|
Term
6-3
Define "tare weight" and describe how it is handled when weighing an aircraft |
|
Definition
| Tare weight is the weight of anything on the scales that is not part of the aircraft. It must be subtracted from the scale weight reading to determine the net weight of the airplane |
|
|
Term
6-4
If a piece of equipment such as a radio is added to an aircraft, how can you determine the effect on weight and balance without re-weighing the aircraft? |
|
Definition
| A new weight and C.G. location can be determined by computation. (WAM) |
|
|
Term
6-5
Why is control of the weight and balance of an aircraft important? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
6-6
What is the datum of an aircraft and what is its function? |
|
Definition
| Datum is an imaginary vertical plane at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the airplane. It is the reference point from which all horizontal measurements are taken |
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|
Term
6-7
How do you determine the moment of an item of equipment? |
|
Definition
| Multiply the weight of the item by its arm, which is the distance between the item and the datum |
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|
Term
6-8
What are two ways of determining the moment of an item of equipment? |
|
Definition
| Measure the distance between the item and the datum or use data supplied by the manufacturer |
|
|
Term
6-9
What should be done to obtain a positive (plus) moment aft of the datum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
6-10
What should be done to obtain a negative (minus) moment aft of the datum? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
6-11
How does the category of an aircraft affect its loaded weight? |
|
Definition
| Aircraft certificated in more than one category such as normal and aerobatic, may have two different maximum gross weights and different useful loads |
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|
Term
6-12
What should be done with equipment that is not permanently installed and recorded on the equipment list when weighing an aircraft? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
6-13
define the term "residual fuel" |
|
Definition
| Any fuel that remains in the tanks, lines, and engines after the system has been drained |
|
|
Term
6-14
Define "Residual Oil" |
|
Definition
| Any oil left in tanks, lines, and engines after system has been drained |
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|
Term
6-15
How should you account for fuel when weighing an aircraft to determine weight and balance? |
|
Definition
| Either drain the fuel system until only unusable fuel remains, or fill the tanks and subtract out the weight of the fuel except unusable |
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|
Term
6-16
Where are leveling instructions found and describe one method of leveling an aircraft |
|
Definition
| In the TCDS. Aircraft may be leveled by using a spirit level at a prescribed point. |
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|
Term
6-17
Define Mean Aerodynamic Chord |
|
Definition
| MAC is the chord drawn through the center of the wing plan area. MAC is the average chord length of the wing. |
|
|
Term
6-18
Describe the two most common ways of showing the CG location and/or CG range |
|
Definition
| In inches from the datum or as a percent of MAC |
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|
Term
6-19
What is the purpose of an aircraft loading graph? |
|
Definition
| It shows how to spread out the load to keep the CG within CG limits. |
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|
Term
6-20
What is ballast and why is it used in aircraft? |
|
Definition
| Ballast is weight added to an airplane to bring its CG into the allowable or desired range |
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|
Term
6-21
Installation of several new radios in the nose of an aircraft causes the forward CG limit to be exceeded. How can you correct this problem without removing the new equipment? |
|
Definition
| Ballast may be installed in the tail to move the CG aft |
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|
Term
6-22
How does the CG of a helicopter compare to that of a fixed wing airplane? |
|
Definition
| Helicopters typically have a much smaller CG range |
|
|
Term
7-1
How do you work harden a piece of metal? |
|
Definition
| By cold working the metal |
|
|
Term
7-2
Describe the primary difference between a thermosetting and thermoplastic resin |
|
Definition
| Thermoplastic resins soften when heated. Thermosetting resins do not. |
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|
Term
7-3
Explain how thermoplastic and thermosetting resins are commonly used in modern aircraft |
|
Definition
| Plexiglas is a thermoplastic resin used for windshields and windows. Thermosetting resins are most often used as the matrix material in composite structures |
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|
Term
7-4
Name one of the types of resin commonly used as matrix material for aircraft composite laminates |
|
Definition
| Polyester resin or Epoxy resin |
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|
Term
7-5
What are some of the materials that are commonly used as the reinforcing component in a composite structure? |
|
Definition
| Kevlar, Fiberglass, carbon fiber, linen, paper. |
|
|
Term
7-6
What are the reasons that alloy steel that is responsive to heat treatment is usually less suitable for welding? |
|
Definition
| It may become brittle and less ductile. |
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|
Term
7-7
Give one advantage of pre-preg materials, other than saving time in the construction or repair of composite components |
|
Definition
1) Pre-preg fabrics contain correct amount of matrix.
2) Matrix has correct resin and hardener proportions.
3) Matrix material permeates the reinforcing fibers, completely and evenly. |
|
|
Term
8-1
What is indicated by the markings on the heads of solid shank rivets? |
|
Definition
| The material they are made of, and indirectly, their strength |
|
|
Term
8-2
How can you keep heat treated aluminum alloy rivets soft enough to install after the quenching process? |
|
Definition
| If the rivets are stored in a freezer they will remain soft for several days |
|
|
Term
8-3
What is the grip length of a bolt? |
|
Definition
| The length of the unthreaded portion |
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|
Term
8-4
How are AN standard steel bolts identified? |
|
Definition
| By the code markings on the bolt head |
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|
Term
8-5
What is the difference between a close tolerance bolt and a general purpose bolt? |
|
Definition
| Close tolerance bolts are machined to more accurate dimensions |
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|
Term
8-6
For what types of applications are self locking nuts not allowed? |
|
Definition
| When either the bolt or nut are subject to rotation |
|
|
Term
8-7
If the maintenance procedures do not specify a torque value for a bolt or nut, how can you determine the proper value? |
|
Definition
| Torque table such as found in AC 43.13-1B |
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|
Term
8-8
What is the most commonly used type of aircraft control cable? |
|
Definition
| Extra Flexible 7 X 19 stainless steel |
|
|
Term
9-1
What type of precision measuring instruments can be used to measure the outside dimensions of aircraft parts? |
|
Definition
| Outside micrometers and vernier calipers |
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|
Term
9-2
For what reasons should a micrometer be periodically calibrated? |
|
Definition
| To make sure its in spec, in case it was dropped or over tightened. |
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|
Term
10-1
What are the two types of fluid lines found in aircraft? |
|
Definition
| Flexible hoses and metal lines |
|
|
Term
10-2
Describe the method of classifying metal tube according to size |
|
Definition
| Metal tubing is sized by outside diameter and wall thickness. |
|
|
Term
10-3
When installing stainless steel tubing, what types of fittings should be used? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
10-4
What is the function of the sleeve on a flared-tube fitting? |
|
Definition
| It helps form the seal with the tubing. |
|
|
Term
10-5
Describe the two types of flares commonly used on aircraft tubing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
10-6
How can you determine if a fitting is an AN type rather than AC type |
|
Definition
| AN fittings have a shoulder between the flare cone and the end of the threads, AC don't. |
|
|
Term
10-7
What are the most significant differences between AN and AC fittings? |
|
Definition
| Sleeve length & thread pitch. And the shoulder on AN. |
|
|
Term
10-8
What are the names of the parts of a flare-less tube fitting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
10-9
How do you tell a flare-less fitting from a flare type fitting? |
|
Definition
| Flare-less fittings don't have a flare cone |
|
|
Term
10-10
What is the effect of over tightening a flare type fitting |
|
Definition
| It could damage the sealing surface or cut off the flare. |
|
|
Term
10-11
In addition to being securely clamped, what is an additional requirement for installing metal, fuel, oil, and hydraulic lines? |
|
Definition
| The lines must be electrically bonded to the structure |
|
|
Term
10-12
What are some of the important advantages of Teflon tubing? |
|
Definition
| Compatible with nearly every liquid, has a broad operating temperature range, low resistance to fluid flow, and has a very long shelf and service life |
|
|
Term
10-13
Describe the identification markings commonly found on flexible hoses |
|
Definition
| A lay line, ID number, the hose size, the manufacturer's name, and date code |
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|
Term
10-14
How can you determine if a flexible hose has been correctly or incorrectly installed? |
|
Definition
| The lay line will be straight if the hose is properly installed, a twisted lay line indicates an incorrect installation |
|
|
Term
10-15
How are flexible hose sizes designated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
10-16
What precautions must be observed when deburring the end of a tube after it is cut |
|
Definition
| The wall thickness must not be reduced in size or fractured |
|
|
Term
10-17
Describe the operation of quick disconnect couplings |
|
Definition
| Each half has a valve that is held open when coupled and is spring-loaded closed when disconnected |
|
|
Term
10-18
If you fabricate a replacement for a flexible hose, what percentage of the total length must be added to allow for movement under pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
10-19
What happens to the tube when a flare-less fitting is overtightened? |
|
Definition
| It can weaken the tube. when the nut drives the cutting edge of the sleeve too deeply into the tube |
|
|
Term
10-20
Why are quick disconnect fittings used? |
|
Definition
| To provide a quick means to connect or disconnect a fluid line without loss of fluid or entrance of contaminants into system |
|
|
Term
11-1
Describe the steps involved in a dye penetrant inspection |
|
Definition
1.Clean Part thoroughly.
2.Apply Penetrant.
3.Soak for Recommended Time.
4.Remove All Penetrant from Surface .
5.Apply Developer. |
|
|
Term
11-2
Name some tools that are commonly used to assist in making visual inspections of welds |
|
Definition
| Magnifying glass, flashlight, mirror and possibly a borescope |
|
|
Term
11-3
What are some of the non-destructive testing methods that may be used on aluminum parts? |
|
Definition
| Visual, dye penetrant, eddy current, ultrasonic testing and radiography. |
|
|
Term
11-4
What process occurs during the preparation stage of a dye penetrant inspection when the penetrating liquid is applied, and then removed from a cracked part? |
|
Definition
| The penetrant enters the crack by capillary action and remains there until made visible by the developer |
|
|
Term
11-5
A correctly made butt weld will have what bead width and how much penetration? |
|
Definition
| Bead width should be 3 to 5 times the thickness of the base metal, and there must be 100 % penetration |
|
|
Term
11-6
What are evidence of a cold weld? |
|
Definition
| Rough, irregular edges that are not feathered into the base metal and has variations in penetration amounts |
|
|
Term
11-7
The penetration of a fillet weld should be what percentage of the thickness of the base metal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
11-8
Describe the basic steps for conducting a magnetic particle inspections |
|
Definition
1.Clean Part.
2.Magnetize - Directed by Appropriate Service Manual.
3.Flow indicating medium over surface.
4.Inspect under "Black" Light.
5. When Inspection is complete Demagnetize Part. |
|
|
Term
12-1
Is there any requirement for cleaning an aircraft prior to an annual or 100 hour inspection? |
|
Definition
| Yes. In FAR Part 43, Appendix D |
|
|
Term
12-2
Discuss the general precautions that should be observed when washing an airplane. |
|
Definition
| Avoid or protect areas which may be damaged or contaminated such as Pitot and static ports, hinges, sealed areas, and bearings |
|
|
Term
12-3
What are some of the more common light duty cleaning agents? |
|
Definition
| Soap and water, or detergent. |
|
|
Term
12-4
What materials are commonly used as heavy duty cleaners? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
12-5
What are the preferred cleaners for plastic surfaces such as windshields |
|
Definition
| Mild soap and water or a manufacturer approved cleaner |
|
|
Term
12-6
What type of cleaning agents should be used to remove grease, oil or fuel from aircraft tires? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
12-7
Give at least three examples of the factors that cause or influence corrosion |
|
Definition
| 1) The environmental conditions 2) The presence of dissimilar metals 3) The type of metal 4) the presence of electrolytes and or contaminants 5) The condition of protective coatings |
|
|
Term
12-8
Name at least eight forms of corrosion |
|
Definition
| Surface, Stress, Filliform, Fretting, Pitting, Intergranular,Dissimilar metal, Oxidation, Stress, Fretting |
|
|
Term
12-9
Name at least one cause of filliform corrosion |
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Definition
| Improper curing of primer, and acidic surface contamination. |
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Term
12-10
What are the visible signs of filliform corrosion? |
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Definition
| Blistered paint surfaces, worm or thread-like tracks under the paint |
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Term
12-11
What are two primary factors that may cause development of stress corrosion cracks? |
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Definition
| A corrosive environment and sustained tensile stress |
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Term
12-12
What are the visible signs of fretting corrosion? |
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Definition
| Fretting corrosion has a dark, smoky appearance. |
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Term
12-13
Why are piano-type hinges prime spots for corrosion? |
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Definition
| It is made from dissimilar metals. |
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Term
12-14
What is the best way to protect piano hinges from corrosion? |
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Definition
| Keep them clean and properly lubricated |
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Term
12-15
Provide at least seven examples of procedures used to prevent corrosion |
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Definition
1) Cleaning.
2) Lubricating.
3) Inspecting.
4) Treating .
5) Sealing .
6)Keeping drain holes free and clear.
7) Installing protective covers. |
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Term
12-16
Describe the tools that should be used to remove corrosion from aluminum surfaces |
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Definition
| Nylon scrubber pads (scotch brite), bristle brushes, aluminum wool or aluminum wire brushes |
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Term
12-17
Describe the effects of using steel brushes or steel wool to remove corrosion from aluminum surfaces |
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Definition
| Steel brushes or steel wool must not be used to clean aluminum because steel particles can become embbedded in the aluminum and cause corrosion |
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Term
12-18
What is the purpose of alodine? |
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Definition
| Alodine deposits a protective film on aluminum alloys. It improves corrosion resistance and paint adhesion. |
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Term
12-19
For what reason should you avoid cleaning anodized aluminum surfaces with aluminum metal polish |
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Definition
| It will remove the protective oxide coating. |
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Term
12-20
Why should aircraft fabrics and plastics be cleaned only with recommended cleaners? |
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Definition
| To prevent deterioration or damage |
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Term
12-21
List at least five areas of an aircraft prone to corrosion |
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Definition
| 1) Battery compartments 2) Around lavatories 3) Fuel tanks 4) Exhaust trail areas 5)Piano Hinges 6) Areas that can trap water 7) Landing gear and wheel wells 8) Vent areas 9) Wing flap recesses 10) Bilge areas |
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Term
13-1
Name at least three possible hazards that may be encountered during typical ground operations, such as engine run up or taxiing |
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Definition
| Fire, turning props, jet blast, High noise levels, other vehicles or people, or FOD. |
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Term
13-2
What is the most generally used knot for tying down small aircraft? |
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Definition
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Term
13-3
Describe the precautions that should be taken to protect life and property while starting and running an aircraft engine |
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Definition
Follow the Airplane Flight Manual.
Be sure there is no FOD.
Make sure the jet blast doesn't blow into vehicles or buildings. Have a fire guard nearby. |
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Term
13-4
If an engine induction fire occurs while starting a reciprocating engine, what procedure should be followed to extinguish the fire? |
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Definition
| Continue cranking the engine to start it and suck the fire into the engine. If the engine doesn't start and the fire continues to burn, discontinue the start attemp and extinguish with a suitable fire extinguisher |
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Term
13-5
What safety procedures must be observed when hand propping a small aircraft engine? |
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Definition
| Become thoroughly trained. Have a qualified person in the cockpit, check the brakes, call "Switch Off" before moving the prop, and make sure you have solid foooting. When ready to start, call "contact" and listen for the reply. Swing the prop withthe flat of your hand and move back from the prop arc |
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Term
13-6
What procedures should be followed prior to starting a large radial engine to detect and or prevent a hydraulic lock in the cylinders? |
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Definition
| Pull the propeller through by hand for three or four complete revolutions. Resistance to prop turning indicates indicates a possible hydraulic lock in at least one of the cylinders |
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Term
13-7
What is the cause of hydraulic lock in large radial engines? |
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Definition
| Oil seeps by the piston rings and accumulates in the combustion chamber of lower cylinders. When a piston comes up on its compression stroke, the incompressible liquid seizes it |
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Term
13-8
What is meant by the term "Hot Start" when starting a jet engine? |
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Definition
| Ignition occurs with an excessively rich mixture, leading to a rapid temperature rise that can exceed the exhaust gas temp limit |
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Term
13-9
When towing an aircraft, should you use the tow vehicle or aircraft brakes to stop the aircraft? |
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Definition
| The tow vehicle brakes. Only in an emergency may the aircraft brakes may be used |
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Term
13-10
Why should an aircraft technician become familiar with standard light signals? |
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Definition
| Light signals may be used when taxiing an airplane without a radio or when a radio becomes inoperative on a tower controlled airport |
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Term
13-11
If a mixture of avgas and jet fuel is used in a reciprocating aircraft engine, what are the possible results? |
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Definition
| engine may be damaged or destroyed |
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Term
13-12
What does the number 100 signify in 100LL aviation gasoline? |
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Definition
| It refers to octane rating of the fuel |
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Term
13-13
Is it permissible to use avgas in a turbine engine? |
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Definition
| Limited operation may be allowed by the manufacturer. Continued use may reduce efficiency due to lead deposits on the turbine blades |
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Term
13-14
What are some of the possible outcomes of using a lower grade of avgas than the specified grade? |
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Definition
| Possible detonation, loss of engine power, and overheating |
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Term
13-15
Part 23.973 of the FAA regulations specifies that certain markings must be placed adjacent to fuel filler openings. What markings are used for reciprocating engines? |
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Definition
| The filler openings must be marked with the fuel grade and the word AVGAS |
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Term
13-16
Describe the important precautions that should be observed when fueling an aircraft |
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Definition
| Use correct fuel, properly ground the aircraft and refueling unit, protect the aircraft surfaces from hose and nozzle damage |
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Term
13-17
The marking requirements for oil tank filler openings are specified by FAR 23.1557. What markings are required for a piston engine powered airplane? |
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Definition
| The word "OIL" and the permissible grades |
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Term
13-18
Where can the standard aircraft taxi hand signals be found? |
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Definition
| In the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) |
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Term
13-19
Under what conditions should a reciprocating engine be pre-oiled? |
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Definition
| Prior to starting a new engine or one that has been preserved for storage. This ensures lubrication on intitial startup. |
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Term
13-20
Under what conditions may automobile gasoline be used in an aircraft engine? |
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Definition
| Only if approved by the FAA, usually by the issuance of a Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) |
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Term
13-21
What are the indications of water in aircraft fuel after draining a sample from the fuel sumps? |
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Definition
| The sample may have a cloudy or hazy appearance or a solid slug of water |
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Term
14-1
What FAR prescribes the requirements for issuance of a type certificate? |
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Definition
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Term
14-2
What part of the FARs describes the airworthiness standards for Transport Category Airplanes? |
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Definition
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Term
14-3
What part of the Fars describes the performance characteristics that a small aircraft must demonstrate in order to be airworthy? |
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Definition
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Term
14-4
Who is responsible for ensuring that only the most current information is used when performing maintenance on an aircraft? |
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Definition
| The person performing the maintenance |
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Term
14-5
Why are Airworthiness Directives issued? |
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Definition
| To correct unsafe conditions found in aircraft, engines, propellers, or appliances |
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Term
14-6
How does the FAA notify aircraft owners of unsafe conditions that must be corrected? |
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Definition
| By issuing Airworthiness Directives |
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Term
14-7
How do you determine the timeframe within which AD compliance is required |
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Definition
| The AD contains the compliance time or period for completing the corrective action |
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Term
14-8
If a mechanic wishes to develop a checklist for an annual or 100-hour inspection, what publication contains the guidelines for the required inspection items? |
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Definition
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Term
14-9
How can you determine if the repair of damage is a major or minor repair? |
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Definition
| FAR part 43 Appendix A defines major and minor repairs as well as preventive maintenance |
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Term
14-10
What publication might you consult for guidance when maintaining an old aircraft for which no maintenance manual exists? |
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Definition
| AC 43.13-1B or its latest revision |
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Term
14-11
What are Advisory Circulars? |
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Definition
| Non Regulatory information of interest to the aviation public |
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Term
14-12
What publication would you consult to determine an aircraft's (or engine's, or propeller's) type design and its limitations? |
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Definition
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Term
14-13
In what FAA publication could you find a list of engines approved for use in a specific make and model of airplane? |
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Definition
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Term
14-14
What reference material can be used to determine if an aircraft is certificated in more than one category? |
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Definition
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Term
14-15
What is the name of the manual that the manufacturer provides to technicians who normally perform work on the systems and components of an aircraft? |
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Definition
| The aircraft maintenance manual |
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Term
14-16
Under what circumstances is compliance with a manufacturer's service bulletin mandatory? |
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Definition
| When the service bulletin is incorporated into an AD (or other approved data) |
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Term
14-17
What kinds of publications are used by aircraft manufacturers to notify owners of design defects and product improvements? |
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Definition
| Service bulletins or service letters |
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Term
14-18
If you need to determine the serviceable dimensional limits for an engine part, what publication would you consult? |
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Definition
| The current engine manufacturer's overhaul manual |
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Term
14-19
How often is the summary of ADs published? |
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Definition
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Term
14-20
As a certificated mechanic, will you automatically receive all ADs? |
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Definition
| No, ADs are automatically sent only to registered aircraft owners |
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Term
14-21
How are AD updates issued to subscribers to the Summary of Airworthiness Directives? |
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Definition
| Through bi-weekly supplements |
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Term
14-22
Where do you find the maximum scope and detail requirements that a 100-hour inspection checklist must contain? |
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Definition
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Term
14-23
Records of a major alteration must be made in what two places? |
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Definition
| An FAA form 337, and the aircraft maintenance records |
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Term
14-24
When completion of FAA form 337 is required, how many copies are normally prepared and what is their distribution? |
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Definition
| Two signed copies, one is given to the aircraft owner and one is sent to the local FAA flight Standards District Office (FSDO) within 48 hours of the approval or return to service |
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Term
14-25
When an aircraft is sold, what do the regulations require regarding the disposition of records that contain the current status of Airworthiness Directives? |
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Definition
| The seller must transfer the records to the buyer at the time of sale |
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Term
14-26
For what period of time must an aircraft owner maintain the records of a 100-hour inspection? |
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Definition
| Until the work is superseded or for one year after the inspection |
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Term
14-27
In what publication may a mechanic find an example of a maintenance record entry for a 100-hour inspection? |
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Definition
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Term
14-28
Where should a 100-hour inspection be recorded? |
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Definition
| In the appropriate maintenance record for the airframe, power-plant, propeller or appliance |
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Term
14-29
What items must be entered into the aircraft records after maintenance is performed? |
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Definition
| The date the work was completed. A description of the work performed. A reference to acceptable or approved data. And the signature, certificate number, and type of certificate of the person approving the aircraft for return to service |
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Term
14-30
What person makes the final maintenance record entry after a 100-hour inspection is completed? |
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Definition
| The person approving the aircraft for return to service |
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Term
14-31
What documents must be prepared when a required inspection is performed and defects are found which render the aircraft or engine un-airworthy? |
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Definition
| The required maintenance entries must be made and a list of discrepancies and un-airworthy items must be furnished to the owner |
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Term
14-32
What maintenance record entries are required to contain the aircraft total time in service? |
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Definition
| Only inspection records require the total time |
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Term
14-33
What regulation authorizes a certificated mechanic who holds an Inspection Authorization to approve or disapprove a major repair or alteration? |
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Definition
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Term
14-34
Who has the authority to rebuild an aircraft engine and return the operating time to zero? |
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Definition
| Only the engine manufacturer or an overhaul facility approved by the manufacturer |
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Term
14-35
Are there any circumstances when more than two copies of Form 337s are required, and if so, when? |
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Definition
| Yes, three copies are required when a fuel tank is installed in the passenger or baggage compartment, the third copy must be kept aboard the aircraft. |
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Term
14-36
How do the regulations define "time in service" in regard to maintenance record entries? |
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Definition
| With respect to maintenance entries, "time in service" is from when the aircraft leaves the surface of the earth until it touches down at the next landing |
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Term
14-37
What are the penalties for making fraudulent or intentionally false entries in any required record or report? |
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Definition
| The applicable airmen certificate(s) can be suspended or revoked. |
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Term
14-38
What persons are authorized to make the required maintenance entry approving the return to service after a progressive inspection is performed at a location other than the aircraft's home base? |
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Definition
| An appropriately certificated mechanic, an appropriately rated repair station, and the aircraft manufacturer |
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Term
14-39
What is the difference between the terms "overhaul" and "rebuilding" as they pertain to aircraft engine maintenance records? |
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Definition
"Overhauled" engines must be tested to approved or acceptable data.
"Rebuilt" engines must be tested to the same limits as a new engine. |
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Term
14-40
When performing an inspection required by FAR part 91, what rotorcraft systems must be inspected in accordance with the manufacturer's maintenance manual or instructions for continued airworthiness? |
|
Definition
The systems listed in FAR 43.15-b .
The drive shafts.
The auxiliary rotor
the main rotor transmission gearbox.
the main rotor and center section. |
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Term
14-41
How can you determine that an aircraft part or appliance you receive is serviceable? |
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Definition
| By an approval for return to service in the maintenance record for the part or appliance, or with a completed Form 337. |
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Term
15-1
What publication should a mechanic consult to determine if a repair is considered major or minor? |
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Definition
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Term
15-2
Where in the FARs will you find the certification requirements for mechanics? |
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Definition
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Term
15-3
What are the ratings issued under a mechanic's certificate? |
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Definition
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Term
15-4
What types of work may a certificated mechanic perform? |
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Definition
| A mechanic may perform maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations. |
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Term
15-5
Is a certificated airframe mechanic allowed to perform maintenance on engines? |
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Definition
| Not unless they are supervised by a certificated powerplant mechanic |
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Term
15-6
What are the limitations to a mechanic's privileges with regard to propellers? |
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Definition
| A mechanic may not perform major repairs or alterations of propellers |
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Term
15-7
Is a mechanic allowed to repair or alter an aircraft instrument? |
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Definition
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Term
15-8
What are the requirements for recent experience in order to exercise the privileges of your mechanic's certificate or rating? |
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Definition
| You must have worked as a mechanic or technically supervised other mechanics for 6 months out of the past 24 months. |
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Term
15-9
What authority does a mechanic have regarding approval for return to service? |
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Definition
| A mechanic may approve an aircraft for return to service in accordance with the provisions in FAR part 65 |
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Term
15-10
What are the privileges of an A & P mechanic regarding inspections? |
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Definition
| A mechanic may perform and approve for return to service an airframe or engine following a 100-hour inspection |
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Term
15-11
What is the duration of a mechanic's certificate? |
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Definition
| The certificate is valid until surrendered, suspended, or revoked. |
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Term
15-12
What are the privileges and limitations of an A & P mechanic regarding major repairs and alterations to airframes and engines, and their approval for return to service? |
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Definition
| A & P mechanics may perform major repairs and alterations but may not approve them for return to service unless they hold an Inspection Authorization |
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Term
15-13
In addition to performing maintenance, what other privileges are granted to a powerplant mechanic? |
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Definition
| A powerplant mechanic may perform a 100-hour inspection on an engine and approve the engine for return to service |
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Term
15-14
When may a mechanic perform an annual inspection and return the aircraft to service? |
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Definition
| When the mechanic holds an Inspection Authorization |
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Term
15-15
May a mechanic supervise an inspection (or a portion of an inspection) and then approve the aircraft for return to service? |
|
Definition
| No, the mechanic approving the aircraft for return to service must actually perform the inspection |
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Term
15-16
What is the duration of a temporary airman's certificate? |
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Definition
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Term
15-17
If a mechanic's certificate is revoked, how long must he or she wait before applying for a new certificate? |
|
Definition
| One year unless the revocation order states otherwise |
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Term
15-18
What should a mechanic do if his or her temporary certificate is about to expire? |
|
Definition
| Contact a local FAA office and seek assistance |
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Term
15-19
Is a person with a private pilot's certificate allowed to perform maintenance, and if so, what are his or her limitations? |
|
Definition
| A pilot may perform preventive maintenance on the aircraft he owns, in accordance with FAR part 43.3, 43.7, and Appendix A. He can also approve the aircraft for return to service. |
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Term
15-20
What are your requirements as an aircraft mechanic when you have a change of address? |
|
Definition
| You must notify the FAA in writing within 30 days of any change to your permanent address |
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