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jerry's final bit of knowledge
the last straw
150
Architecture
Undergraduate 2
07/16/2012

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Term
sketch the barcelona chair
Definition
Term
the 'barcelona chair' was designed by
Definition
Mies
Term
list 3 important designs ideas Mies employed in the barcelona pavilion
Definition
1. free standing walls
2. non-axial walls
3. reflections
Term
sketch the entry sequences for the german state pavilion at the 1929 barcelona fair
Definition
Term
the beach house in newport beach for dr. phillip lovell was designed by
Definition
Schindler
Term
upon his arrival in the US, Gropius assumed the directorship of the architecture school at _________ while Mies eventually was named head of the school at
Definition
Harvard
IIT
Term
list 2 requirements that had to be met by a building in order to qualify to be included in the MOMA's 1932 'international style' exhibition
Definition
1. treated as volume rather than mass
2. regularity rather than axial-symmetry
Term
the projects most often associated with Nazi Germany were designed by architect
Definition
Albert Speer
Term
the only totalitarian regime in preWW11 europe that did not adopt a literal neo-classicism as the official style of the state was in what country?
Definition
Italy
Term
sketch a cross-section of the lovell beach house
Definition
Term
the lovell heath house was designed by
Definition
Neutra
Term
how did the elevation of the mcgraw-hill building differ from other skyscrapers designed by Hood?
Definition
building is functionalist
entry is art modern
Term
list 2 architects who immigrated to the US before Hitler rose to power who were early practitioners of the international style in the US:
Definition
neutra & lescaze
Term
list 2 architects who immigrated to the US after Hitler rose to power who were early practitioners of the international style in the US:
Definition
gropius & mies
Term
the two austrian architects who came to the US and worked with Wright were
Definition
Schindler
Neutra
Term
the first european architect to bring the international style to california was
Definition
Schindler
Term
what american is credited with the coining the term 'international style"
Definition
Johnson
Term
who was the last director of the german bauhaus?
Definition
Mies
Term
name 2 skyscrapers built before WW11 that exhibited the international style in some of their parts, list the architect of each
Definition
PSFS building: howe & lescaze
McGraw- Hill Building: Hood
Term
sketch the plan of a typical office floor of the PSFS building
Definition
Term
the first skyscrapers in the US to exhibit the massing and the exterior language of the european 'international style' was the
Definition
PSFS building
Term
the two curators of the MOMA show, "the international style" were
Definition
Johnson & Hitchcock
Term
the McGraw-Hill building was designed by
Definition
Hood
Term
The casa del Fascio was designed by
Definition
Guiseppe Terragni
Term
Adolf Hitler chose _____________ architecture as symbolic of the third reich
Definition
neo-classicism
Term
the philadelphia savings fund society building was designed by
Definition
Howe and Lescaze
Term
who was gregor paulssen?
Definition
art historian
Term
the theme of the 1930 stockholm exhibition was
Definition
nautical
Term
the building designed by aalto that best represents his interpretation of Corbu's five points is the:
Definition
Turun sanumat
Term
what was the inspiration for aalto's design of the interior of the finnish pavilion at the 1939 world's fair?
Definition
aurora borealis
Term
what did aalto say the reason was for his incorporating a courtyard in many his projects?
Definition
gives clients something for nothing
Term
list two design decisions aalto made in consideration of the comfort of the patients at the Paimio sanitarium
Definition
daylight
balcony for fresh air
Term
aalto's first international style building was the
Definition
Paimio Sanitarium
Term
aalto's first use of the undulating surface of wood slats was in what building?
Definition
Viipuri Library
Term
the bent-wood "paimio chair" was designed by
Definition
Aalto
Term
sketch the longitudinal section of the major chapel of the woodland crematorium
Definition
Term
what new science apparently had a great influence on asplund's designs?
Definition
psychology
Term
sketch the overall plan of the paimio sanitarium
Definition
Term
why did asplund incorporate spaces with skewed (non-parallel) walls in his early houses?
Definition
forced perspective
Term
the name of the firm founded by marie and hary gullichsen to market aalto-designed home furnishings is
Definition
Artek
Term
describe the two design criteria used by Aalto to determine the longitudinal section of the meeting hall in the library in Viipuri:
Definition
acoustics
separating stacks
Term
sketch the overall site plan of the Woodlawn Cemetery Crematorium, noting both pedestrian and vehicular approaches
Definition
Term
describe aalto's use of colors on the exterior of the Paimio sanitarium:
Definition
white/emulates the wiesenhoff siedlung by corbusier
Term
which space is used by Aalto as the high point or visual anchor of the massing competition in Villa Mairea
Definition
the studio
Term
two reasons that explain why Mies cantilevered his roofs/floors beyond the corner columns
Definition
imply continuity
wants all columns to carry same amount of load
Term
list 3 differences between Mies design of the Farnsworth House, and Johnson's design of his glass house
Definition
1. no cantilever on glass house
2. black vs. white
3. on the ground vs. off the ground
Term
list two reasons why the Farnsworth House was an environment disaster
Definition
single pane glass
doesn't flush solar heat
Term
List two details Mies used in his American buildings to divorce them from the existing urban fabric
Definition
pilotis- lifts off street level
plazas- pulls away from street lines
Term
what advantage is there in offsetting the location of the core in the plan of a highrise office building?
Definition
4 different sized spaces for the different functions
Term
what detail in the lever house allows pedestrians to reconnect with tower after leaving the sidewalk?
Definition
the courtyard
Term
what was the new architectural material whose price had dropped significantly after the end of WW11, that quickly was adopted as the exterior material of choice for the next 20 years?
Definition
aluminum
Term
describe the lateral (wind) load structure of the Sears building/ world trade center
Definition
tube structure:rigid frame structure of vertical columns (NOT CROSS BRACING)
Term
describe the problem that "rationalist" international style designers tried to avoid in the design of a skyscraper and what was the typical solution?
Definition
-can't express each column the same
- would cantilever the ends
Term
what was the last and tallest of the international style glass box skyscrapers?
Definition
Chase Manhattan Bank
Term
Why were the Lever House and the Seagram's Building much more expensive than the face value of their construction
Definition
didn't utilize the land--built only what they needed
Term
what kept the international style glass box skyscraper from going no taller than the Chase Manhattan Bank?
Definition
no structure on outside prevents height
Term
"architecture is the will of an epoch translated into space" is a quote by
Definition
Mies
Term
The first post WW11 glass box skyscraper in the US was the
Definition
Schenely Building
Term
Sketch the typical floor plan of the Inland Steel Building
Definition
Term
Sketch the corner detail of a typical Mies skyscraper
Definition
Term
what 2 major projects were responsible for the large size of SOM by the end of WW11?
Definition
Clinton Engineering Works
VA hospitals
Term
What skyscraper marked the ultimate retreat from the street and the start of "Plaza-mania"?
Definition
Seagrams
Term
The conceptual design of the UN office tower was the product of
Definition
Corbusier, Niemeyer, Harrison
Term
"I don't want to be interesting, I want to be good" is a quote ascribed to
Definition
Mies
Term
Describe the difference in how Mies designed spaces in his pre-WW11 european buildings and those in his post-WW11 American buildings
Definition
pre-WW11: column grid
post-WW11: completely open
Term
list the 3 locations for a glass skin in a skyscraper and list a building from class that is an example of each type:
Definition
1. glass outside structure: lever house
2. inside structure: inland steel building
3. structural frame glass infill: equitable savings bank
Term
the difference between SOM's typical corner detail as represented in the Inland Steel Building and Mies' typical corner detail as represented in the Seagram's building is:
Definition
unbroken, curtain wall applied to the volume of the building.
stops the curtain wall short
Term
define le corbusier's idea of "a redent"
Definition
linear housing
Term
le corbusier's uptopian city plan developed in the 1930s was named
Definition
Ville Radieuse
Term
sketch a section of la tourette, showing its relation to the ground
Definition
Term
sketch the plan of la tourette
Definition
Term
new research indicates that WW11 had two influences on the subsequent designs of le corbusier
Definition
axial bombardment
posion gas
soft curvilinear shapes
Term
define brise-soleil
Definition
sun screen by le corbusier
Term
a relatively new interpretation of le corbusier's use of concrete following WW11 states that he was influenced by
Definition
the atomic war
Term
draw a section of the marseilles unite d'habitation which shows how le corbusier achieved a dual exposure for the apartments
Definition
Term
where did the term brutalism initially come from?
Definition
le corbusier's use of exposed concrete in Unite d'Habitation
Term
the proportioning system developed and used by le corbusier was known as
Definition
le modular
Term
the french term for the type of concrete construction used by le corbusier in his later projects is
Definition
baton brute
Term
what is the name of the school of art in detriot designed by eliel saarinen?
Definition
cranbrook
Term
who was given the responsiblity for the design of all of the buildings at the cranbrook school of design?
Definition
saarinen
Term
sketch the typical floor plan for a classroom in the crow island school
Definition
Term
crow island school, which set the model for the design of the post WW11 elementary school in the US was designed by
Definition
Saarinen
Term
what grade school established the prototype for the post WW11 baby boom and who designed it:
Definition
crow island school: saarinen
Term
the formal pivot point of the composition in the otaniemi technical institute is the
Definition
council room
Term
sketch the section of the saynatsalo town hall, showing all 3 levels
Definition
Term
sketch the ground plan of the saynatsalo town hall
Definition
Term
list 3 points of human contact in buildings that aalto exploited with a change of materials
Definition
stairs, ground floor, walls
Term
the building usually credited as the inspiration for the design of the interview floor in aalto's national pension institute is
Definition
larkin building
Term
the formal pivot point of the massing in the saynatsalo town hall is the
Definition
courtyard
Term
the best example for aalto's undulating wall in his american buildings is
Definition
baker house
Term
the fan-shaped plan is a typical scheme in the planning of many buildings designed by
Definition
aalto
Term
which building by aalto was the first to use wood in any significant way, marking his move away from pure functionalism?
Definition
town hall
Term
discuss the reasons for the final configuration of floor plan of the vuoksenniska church:
Definition
open sanuctary that can be closed off for sunday school
Term
describe the ideas behind the massing of the baker house
Definition
duel faced building orthagonal vs. fluid
Term
sketch the cross-section of a reading room in a typical aalto-designed library
Definition
Term
what did aalto do in the natinoal pensions institute to articulate the massing of the building so that it reads as interpenetrating masses rather than a continous volume?
Definition
windows don't align to the inner corner, mullions don't line up
Term
which building designed by aalto marked his attempt to transcend the international stlye? what is the reason for your answer?
Definition
viipuri library, used wood in significant ways
Term
sketch the structural plan of the TWA terminal at Kennedy Airport
Definition
Term
what technology did Eero Saarinen adopt from the automobile industry in the detailing of the GM Tech Center?
Definition
neoprene gasket glazing on windows
Term
what one major reservation about the design of Dulles did Larson express
Definition
central drain instead of on side, visually disturbing
Term
what two major reservations about the design of Kresge auditorium did Larson express
Definition
- acoustically inappropriate shape
- not enough foundation for visual weight of the dome
Term
sketch the transverse cross-section of the yale hockey rink
Definition
Term
the inspiration for the scale of eero saarinen's site plan of the GM Tech Center was
Definition
cars
Term
list 3 technological innovations in construction developed by eero saarinen that would become standard techniques during the late 1960s:
Definition
framed in neoprene
luminous ceiling
insulated panels
Term
sketch the site plan of the john deere headquarters
Definition
Term
name two american industrial designers that were very influential in the 1950s
Definition
charles and ray eames
Term
define tensegrity. who is credited with developing this theory?
Definition
tension & integrity
Fuller
Term
how is an hyperbolic paraboloid generated?
Definition
double curvature surface with the curves going in opposite directions
Term
why must tensile surfaces be given an anticlastic curvature?
Definition
there are uplifts from the wind loads so the curve going the opposite direction needs to hold it down
Term
how did fuller account for the solar gain in the 1967 US Pavilion?
Definition
the building tracks the sun, when the sun hits the exterior material it transforms into a sun shade
Term
what is considered to have been the first metabolist project?
Definition
marine city by kikutake
Term
what did tange consciously change from saarinen's yale hockey rink in his tokyo olympic gymnasium?
Definition
uses tension, a cable, rather than a heavy concrete arch
Term
what do you consider to be the most important quality of a metabolist architecture?
Definition
they fix the housing issues, efficient, fast, mega structures with pods attached
Term
what did tange say was the difference between his 1960 plan for tokyo bay and haussmann's plan of paris?
Definition
orthogonal & grid like approach instead of radial arrangement of the city center of paris
Term
in what country did metabolist architecture originate?
Definition
japan
Term
name two metabolist architects who were students of tange
Definition
kurokawa
isozaki
Term
who designed habitat 67?
Definition
safdie
Term
sketch the construction process of the nagakin capsule tower
Definition
Term
sketch the site plan of the 1964 olympic buildings
Definition
Term
the architect of the nagakin capsule tower was
Definition
kurokawa
Term
describe the term "structuralism" as used by herman hertzberger
Definition
didn't want to provide the complete solution to the problem, wants user participation
Term
list 3 members of archigram
Definition
peter cook
ron herron
mike webb
Term
although influenced by bucky fuller, archigram's members had one significant difference in their design approach. what was it?
Definition
pure technology
Term
describe peter cook's "instant city"
Definition
city in a zeppelin, flexible, floating
Term
who designed the "walking city"?
Definition
ron herron
Term
describe how the form of the fuji group pavilion at the expo 70 was generated
Definition
double membrane pneumatic structure. Took a series of cylindrical tubes and put them on a circular base, as the circle gets wider the profile shortens.
Term
draw the structural framework used by kurokawa in the takara beautilion in the expo 70
Definition
Term
describe the structural system of the US pavilion at the expo 70
Definition
single membrane pneumatic structure, membrane placed over a structural environment and pressurized in order to lift up.
Term
what the major failure in the montreal olympic stadium that prevented its completion prior to the start of the games?
Definition
tower was rotating away from its foundation, and had to stop construction of the tower because it would have broken.
Term
draw the structure of the Hajj terminal in jeddah, saudi arabia
Definition
Term
larson compared the exposed structure of the pompidou centre as the architects' attempt to evoke what other great Parisian building?
Definition
contemporary gothic cathedral- notre dame
Term
sketch the transverse section of the pompidou centre
Definition
Term
the first significant building in which mullionless glazing was first employed was:
Definition
Willis, Faber & Dumas Building
Term
the competition to design the new pompidou was won by
Definition
renzo piano & richard rogers
Term
in describing the atrium of the yale museum of british art, larson pointed out a problem that has always plagued architects. this was:
Definition
losing the corner column on the interior
Term
the occupiable exterior wall was a technique that evolved in the work of:
Definition
kahn
Term
sketch kahn's concept for the elevations of the exeter academy library
Definition
Term
a structural bay of the kimball art museum
Definition
Term
kahn's concept of "served servant spaces" which developed out of his early use of hollow structures is thought by some historians to have been derived from beaux-arts principle?
Definition
poche
Term
kahn's use of the hollow structure is thought to have derived from what technique of his beaux-arts training?
Definition
poche
Term
what two deviations from the international style in the yale art gallery represents kahn's intial break with this style?
Definition
1. concrete
2. horizontal
Term
sketch the plan of the trenton jewish community center bath house and diagram the movement pattern from entrance through locker rooms to pool
Definition
Term
what did louis kahn mean by "discovering the form of a problem"?
Definition
essence of the problem
Term
"let me tell you how i was made" describes whose approach to movement?
Definition
kahn
Term
sketch the structure of a typical floor in the richards medical center
Definition
Term
sketch kahn's plan concept for the first unitarian church
Definition
Term
"each space must be defined by its structure & the character of its natural light" is a quote by
Definition
kahn
Term
kahn's pyramidal waffle slab in the yale art museum was inspired by
Definition
bucky fuller
Term
the "occupicable wall" is a major theme used by
Definition
kahn
Term
name the consensus choice by American architects as the best deisng in the US & its architect in each category as expressed in this course:
best building in america:
best urban space:
best site planning:
Definition
the salk institute
rockefeller center
cranbrook
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