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we learn social interactions through television
ex: son watching rocky
massive |
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| editors and producers decide what content we experience |
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Mean world theory, you experience unrealistic harshness in the media and act based on that
Massive |
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moderate, the issues that get lots of media attention are the ones that we think are important
moderate |
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| selective exposure theory |
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minimal, i watch the shows that I like that reinforce my values and beliefs
minimal |
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| uses and gratifications theory |
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you use different media channels for different purposes
minimal |
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you form relationships with TV characters and become emotionally involved in their lives as characters
massive |
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When a new medium is formed, involves two steps
1. Borrow content from old media
2. old media has to change to survive |
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| media is arranged on a hierarchical basis |
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| TV, social media and video games become very addictive and we develop reliance on them |
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| recorded history, came after written alphabet, this is because messages quickly became distorted |
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| early on in the development of newspapers, political parties payed to have nice things published about them |
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| Muckraking - Dateline, etc. Trying to expose corrupt businesses |
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| You sell your newspaper or magazine well below cost which means that your main stream of revenue is advertising |
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| goes back to the telegraph (important invention because it separated information from a physical location) using the telegraph to send news and information from one location to 20-40 locations |
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| Watchdog role of journalism |
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| we hold politicians accountable, we hold businesses accountable because we are watching the through the media |
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| began with NYT in early 20th century. Based on the idea that newspapers are making up stories; NYT said we will only print accurate stories, we will not make up stories; information became a commodity- I can use this info to make money (stock market) |
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| you have to appeal to the least common denominator. You have to come up with content that everyone is interested in |
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| you have a magazine and you give it to your friend; readers digest, 5-8 people read every copy of a magazine |
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| the person in the times of oral communication that would remember information and pass history and tradition to younger generations |
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| if you go to NYT.com, they have put up a paywall, you are allowed a certain number of articles per month without paying |
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| Christian journal and advocate |
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| methodist, niche publication, enormous circulation at the time (25,000) |
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| Four phases of Mass communication |
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Definition
1. Oral/written
2. print
3. electronic
4. digital |
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| Mass communication in the industrial revolution |
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| We can suddenly mass produce books, magazines, and newspapers like every other product. People who owned factories wanted educated work force. More people become educated to get a job. You can read anything that you want because of the availability of information |
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| Linear model of mass communication |
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| Sender -> message -> Chanel ->Receivers -> Gatekeepers ->Feedback |
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| Social and psychological factors that contribute to massive media effects |
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Definition
Young age
Psychological condition
If you are alone
When you are with friends you watch different things than when you are alone |
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| Factors that contribute to massive effects |
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Definition
| Visual elements, interactivity, younger age, psychological health |
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| Newspapers and magazines producing media affects |
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Definition
| John challice story- cancer kid |
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| How did elites slow the diffusion of communication technologies? Why? |
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Definition
Early on they did not want people to have books or printers, etc.
They wanted power
People like their position of authority and power |
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| Four parts of critical model |
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Definition
Description
Analysis
Interpretation
Evaluation |
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Definition
Chronical Daily life
inform
entertain
specialized information
influence public opinion |
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| Newspaper Readership Decline per year |
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Definition
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| 3 societal or social issues that needed to change for magazines to diffuse |
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Definition
1. we needed the technology to produce them
2. we needed the trains to ship them
3. we needed postal workers to carry them |
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| USA Today is different because |
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Definition
| they tried to bring television news to newspapers- more color, bullet points, short, informative, and interesting |
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| Why magazines were the first mass medium and why they only lasted a few issues |
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Definition
Magazines were the country’s first mass medium because they could reach many people in different states
Didn’t last long because postal workers wouldn’t take them and other reasons |
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Definition
Norman Rockwell designed cover
Focused on LCD content |
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| How did advertising change Harper’s magazine |
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Definition
| Went from having a handful of advertising pages to having 50 pages of advertising very quickly then to 90 very quickly. Became a magazine that was driven by advertising |
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| Investigated patent medicines, first to have 1,000,000 subscribers |
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| Photojournalism important because people did not travel much - life magazine was your chance to leave that community and experience life elsewhere |
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| TV Guide is important because |
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Definition
| TV guide important because it tied into a new technology- usually successful magazines- you can plan your TV viewing for a week- started to offer some of the articles that PEOPLE did on celebrities |
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| makes a ridiculous sum of money per year- public is fascinated with celebrity- shows that product doesn’t have to be that important |
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| more options, fast, less accurate |
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| Hybrid magazine business model |
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Definition
| try to break even from selling the magazines, some pressure to sell ads but 2 streams of revenue |
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Definition
| negate mailing costs by selling them from central locations such as the grocery store |
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| riskiest option, you purchase the names and addresses of a niche group, group of professionals and you mail your magazine to those people |
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Definition
1. Wall Street Journal
2. USA today
3. New York Times
4. Los Angeles Times
5. Washington Post |
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| Magazine Growth from 1800-1890 |
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Definition
Largely driven by industrial revolution, they can now mass produce like any other product
trains can deliver them
prices therefore dropped |
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