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Judicial Cases
ALL OF THEM.
117
Other
12th Grade
05/03/2009

Additional Other Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Fletcher V Peck (1810)
Definition


This Case overturned state law of Georgia refering to the Yazoo River. Demonstrated Federal Supremacy

 

Term
McCulloch V. Maryland (1819)
Definition

 

Federal Supremacy Case. (Bank)

 

Term
Gibbons V. Ogden (1824)
Definition

 

Congress was give power to regulate interstate commerce through Commerce Clause.

 

Term

Adair V. US (1908): 

Definition

Government sided with business, and denied people the right to join trade Unions. 


Term

Hammer V. Dagenhart (1918): .

Definition
Congress decided that they were not allowed to regulate child labor acts because it interfered in commerce.
Term

National Labor Relations Board V. Jones and Lauglin Steel (1937): 

Definition

Said that Wagner Act was constitutional. Increased Congress's power under comm. clause

Term

 

US V. Darby Lumber Co. (1941): 


 

Definition
Said Congress could regulate employ. conditions. 
Term

 

Heart of Atlanta Motel V. US (1964): upheld civ rights act of 1964 by comm. clause. 

 

Definition
Upheld civ rights act of 1964 by comm. clause. 
Term

 

National League of Cities V. Usery (1976): 

 

Definition

 

Fair Labor Standards Act didn' t apply to st. gov. 


 

Term

 

 

Garcia V. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority(1985): 

 

Definition

 

Says Congress has power under comm. clause to extend FLSA / set u min. wage. Overturned NLC V U

 

Term

 

 

US V. Lopez (1995): 


 

Definition
Set limit on Congress power under comm. clause. 
Term

Printz V. US ( 1997): 

Definition

Said parts of Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act = uncon.


Term
US V. Morrison (2000): 
Definition

Called Violence Against Women Act of 1994 uncon bcuz increased congress power under comm clause. 


 

Term

Buckley V. Valeo (1976): 

Definition

limited campaign conts, but said spending to influence=ok


Term

 

Bush V. Gore (2000): 

 

Definition

 

Declared Bush=president cause he had maj of electoral coll.

 

Term
McConnell V. FEC (2003): 
Definition
Court upheld most of McCain Fengold Act/ BCRA of '02. 
Term

Baker V. Carr (1962):

Definition

Said reapportionment is a judicial question; not political. 

Term

Wesberry V. Sanders (1964):

Definition

one person one vote.

Term

Reynolds V. Sims (1964): 

Definition

state leg districts had to be roughly equal in pop.

Term

Shaw V. Reno (1993): 

Definition

racial gerrymandering is not allowed. 

Term

Miller V. Johnson ( 1995): 

Definition

Racial Gerrymandering is not allowed.

Term
US Term Limits Inc, V. Thornton (1995):
Definition
Congressional Term limits = unconst. 
Term

US V. Curtiss-Wright (1936):

Definition

 Increased Pres. Power over international commerce.

Term

Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co. V. Sawyer (1952): 

Definition

Lowered Presidential power to Seize private property. (steel mill case). 

Term

US. V. Nixon (1974):

Definition

 impeached Nixon, and forced him to give tapes. (Said that he had no executive privilege.)


Term

Immigration and Naturalization Service V. Chadha (1983): 

Definition

Said Leg veto is uncon


Term
Clinton V. New York City (1998): 
Definition
No line-item veto.
Term

Marbury V. Madison (1803): 

Definition

Allowed Judicial review.  

Term

Fletcher V. Peck (1810):

Definition

Judicial Review for State laws./ Fed Supremacy. 

Term
Dred Scott V. Sanford (1857):
Definition
Blacks were not cit. Congress can't stop slavery. 
Term

Baron V. Baltimore (1833):

Definition

No Incorporation to states.

Term

Gitlow V. New York (1925): 


Definition

Said states must give 1s t amendment rights due  to 14.

Term

Near V. Minnesota (1931):

Definition

Allowed for freedom of press at all times. Incorporates it to the states. 

Term
Powell V. Alabama (1932): 
Definition
Accused must be given counsel on his request. Incorporates access to a lawyer to states.
Term

Emerson V. Board of Education (1942): 

Definition

Incorporates Establishment Clause to the states. 

Term

Cantwell V. Connecticut (1940): 

Definition

Free Exercise Clause is incorporated to the states. 

Term

Wolf V. Colorado (1949):


Definition
Incorporates Search and Seizure clause to states.
Term

Reynolds V. United States (1878): 

Definition

"The Mormon Case." Courts said that mormons could be punished for polygamy, even if it is in their religion. 

Term

Cantwell V. Connecticut (1940):

Definition

Free Exercise Clause is incorporated to the states. 

Term

Emerson V. Board of Education (1947): 

Definition

Incorporated the Establishment clause by saying that one cannot bus to a religious school. 

Term

Engel V. Vitale (1962): 

Definition

its unconst  for school prayer to be required. 

Term

Abbington School District V. Schempp (1963): 

Definition

School bible readings are unconst. 

Term

Lemon V. Kurtzman (1971): 

Definition

pub cannot take religious books from priva rel. schools. Established the Lemon Test: 1) Is action secular? 2) Does action not inhibit or help any religion? 3) Does action not cause any "excessive entanglement" between religion and gov?

Term

Wallace V. Jaffree (1985): 

Definition

Alabama law said that voluntary prayer could be done at the beginning of a school day. Jaffree brought suit saying that it was unfair to his children that were not that religion. Courts said that this violated first amendment. 

Term

Aguilar V. Felton (1985): 

Definition

Said act  that sent pub. teachers to rel. schools unconst. 

Term

Lee V. Weisman (1992): 

Definition

Didn't allow religious speakers at graduations.

Term

Zobrest V. Catalina School District (1993): 

Definition

Courts said that public school could send deaf interpreter to a religious school. 

Term

Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye V. City of Hialeah (1993): 

Definition

Court said that a group of people could sacrifice animals, because it didn't break any laws. 

Term

Cantwell V. Connecticut (1940): 

Definition

Free Exercise Clause is incorporated to the states. 

Term

Santa Fe School District V. Doe (2000): 

Definition

No prayer before football game since school provides the field. 

Term

Agostini V. Felton (1997): 

Definition

Overturned Aguilar V. Felton and said rel teacher can teach if secular. 

Term

Schenk V. US (1919): 

Definition

Said that during times of war, there could be more restrictions on Free Speech  that could cause insubordination. 

Term

Abrams V. US (1919): 

Definition

Declared weakening of production during war to be unconst.

Term

Gitlow V. New York (1925): 

Definition

Said states must give 1s t amendment rights due  to 14. Incorporation Doctrine.

Term

Near V. Minnesota (1931): 

Definition

Allowed for freedom of press at all times. Incorporates it to the states. 

Term

 

Strromberg V. California (1931): 

 

Definition
Court said that a California law banning red flags was unconstitutional using fourteenth Amendment. 
Term

 

DeJonge V. Oregon (1937): 

 

Definition

Incorporates freedom of assembly to the states. 

Term

Thornhill V. Alabama (1940): 

Definition

Strikes are lawful. 

Term

Cox V. New hampshire (1941): 

Definition

Jehova Witnesses marched w/out permit and said that permits were unconstitutional, but courts said, that they need to get them. 

Term

Dennis V. United States (1951): .

Definition

Courts upheld the Smith Act of the Communist threat. 

Term

Roth V. United States (1957): 

Definition

Defined "obscene material" as anything that "offended tha average person, applying contemporary community standards."

Term

New york Times Co. V. Sullivan (1964): 

Definition

Established actual Malice Standard

Term

Tinker V. Des Moines (1969):

Definition

First amendment applies to pub school students. Let students wear black armbands to protest Vietnam War.

Term

Bethel School District V. Friger: 

Definition

School can expel those students that disrupt school environment.

Term

Hustler Magazine V. Farlwell: 

Definition

Magazine can inflict emotional pain on an official. (Can make an article making fun of a person.) 

Term

Brandenburg V. Ohio (1969): 

Definition

People cannot incite violence in their speech. 

Term
New York Times Co. V. US ( 1971):
Definition

Allowed NY Times/Wash Post to pub. Pent  pap. (No prior restraint.) 

Term

Lloyd Corporation V. Tanner (1972): 

Definition

Vietnam protesters were kicked out in private area. 

Term

Hazelwood School V. Kuhimeirer: 

Definition

School can limit rights of students in what they publish. 

Term

Collins V. Smith (1978): 

Definition

Nazis wanted to march through Jewish neighborhood. Courts allowed them to do so because they aren't causing imminent danger. 

Term

Texas V. Johnson (1989):

Definition
Allowed burning of flag if does not incite violence. 
Term

Morse V. Frederick:

Definition

Bong Hits for Jesus case. School said that it was disruptive on school grounds, so accepted suspension. 

Term

Miller V. California: 

Definition

Something that lacks literary, artistic, political or scientific value is obscene.

Term

Schenck V. Pro-Choice Network of Western New York (1997):

Definition

Courts allowed for a separation of pro-lifers and pro-choicers by a clinic. 

Term
Reno V. ACLU (1997): 
Definition

Court  said it was unconst to pass anti-indecency provisions.

Term
Boy Scouts of America V. Dale:
Definition
Courts said that they could exclude homosexuals.
Term

Weeks V. US (1914):

Definition

Seizure from priv. residents is illegal. 

Term

Mapp V. Ohio (1961): 

Definition

Protects against "unreasonable search and seizure." 

Term

US V. Leon (1984): 

Definition

Established "good faith" exception to the exclusionary rule.

Term

Olmstead V US (1928): 

Definition

Said info through wire tapping and gotten illegally could be used. 

Term

Katz V. US (1967): 

Definition

Overt urned Olmstead V. US, and said that search and seizure applies wiretaps. 

Term

Ex Parte Milligan (1866): 

Definition

said it was unconstitutional to have mil tribunals for civilians.

Term

Betts V. Brady (1942):

Definition

Betts could not afford an attorney, and was denied one because of this under Maryland law. 

Term

Gideon V. Wainwright (1963):

Definition

Overruled Betts V. Brady, and said that courts had to give counsel to all people during criminal cases.

Term
Escobedo V. Illinois (1964):
Definition

Not only must all be given lawyer, but also it must be offered even if one cannot afford it.

Term

 

Miranda V. Arizona (1966):

 

Definition

Police must read "miranda rights" to accused.

Term

Sheppard V. Maxwell (1966): 

Definition

Courts allowed for suspected murderer to get a new jury and court, because publicity followed his every movement so much. 

Term

Powell V. Alabama (1932):

Definition

Accused must be given counsel on his request. Incorporates access to a lawyer to states. 

Term

Furman V. Georgia (1972):

Definition

Set up consistency for death penalty. 

Term

Gregg V. Georgia (1976):

Definition

Allowed for  Death Penalty to be used. 

Term

Nix V. Williams (1984):

Definition

Allows idea of "inevitable discovery" which lets questionable findings be used more often.

Term

New York V. Quarles (1984):

Definition

"Public Safety Exception" was established.

Term

New Jersey V. TLO (1985):

Definition

Student was found for selling drugs. Tried to say that info was found illegally, but court said that teachers could search under "reasonable suspicion test," and didn't mandate miranda rights reading. 

Term

California V. Greenwood (1988):

Definition

Police examined trashbags outside of the house of Greenwood, asuspected drug dealer. Courts said that trash was public property.

Term

Thompson V. Oklahoma (1988):

Definition

Courts said that it was cruel and unusual punishment to put someone to death if they committed the murder at an age below 16. (Child murdered at 15.)

Term

Atkins V. Virginia (2002):

Definition

Forbids execution of mentally handicapped.

Term
Rasur V. Bush (2004):
Definition
Terrorist detainees must have access to a neutral court.
Term

Plessy V. Ferguson (1896): 

Definition

Separate But Equal Case. 

Term

Hirabayashi V. US (1943):

Definition

Curfew laws were established.

Term

Korematsu V. United States (1944):

Definition

Court allowed for Japanese Americans to be interned during WWII.

Term

Sweatt V. Painter (1950):

Definition

Court said that if a new school were created for blacks, it would be inheritantly unequal, and thus, there must be integration. 

Term

Brown V. Board of Education of Topeka (1954):

Definition

Overturned P. V. F, and said equal.

Term

Heart of Atlanta Motel v US (1964):

Definition

Enforces C.R. Act  of 1964.

Term

Swann V. Charlotte-Mechkenburg Board of Education (1969):

Definition

First case in which court pushed for integration, rather than desegregation. (Affirmative Action.)

Term

Romer V. Evans (1996):

Definition

Colorado tried to pass legislation that would protect homosexuals, but the supreme court didn't let them because it would have been discrimination.

Term

Bowers V. Hardwick (1986):

Definition

Focused on anti sodomy laws (in this case, no oral/anal,) and how gay people were to be affected.

Term

Lawrence V. Texas (2003):

Definition

 Right to Privacy. (Finds state sodomy laws unconstitutional.)

Term

Regent s of the University of California V. Bakke (1978):

Definition

Banned "reverse Racism." 

Term

United States V. Paradise (1987):

Definition

Allowed temporary promotion of quota system in alabama state troopers.

Term

Griswold V. Connecticut (1965):

Definition

Said that const protected privacy. Said that contraceptives could be used.  

Term

Reed V. Reed (1971):

Definition

Passing of estates cannot go to man solely du to gender. 

Term

Roe V. Wade (1973):

Definition

Allows woman  to abort baby before 7 months. 

Term

Webster V. Reproductive Health Services (1989):

Definition

imposed restrictions on state funds that would lead to abortions. 

Term

Planned Parenthood V. Casey (1992):

Definition

Upheld right to have an abortion, but placed more restrictions. 

Term

Sternberg V. Carhart (2000):

Definition

State laws limiting abortions are unconstitutional.

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