Term
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Definition
| The phase of mitosis during which cell division is completed with the formation of two new daughter cells, each of which contains exactly the same genetic material as the parent cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Very large, complex macromolecules made up of nucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
| When water tends to move across cell surfaces or membranes into areas in which a high concentration of potassium ions is present |
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Term
| what is the process whereby one cell divides to form two or more cells? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Solitary atoms, or most often a combination of altered atoms, that are very chemically reactive as a result of the presence of unpaired electrons |
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Term
| The inorganic compounds found in the body occur in nature independent of living things and are made up of three categories, what are the three categories? |
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Definition
Inorganic acids
Inorganic bases
Salts (electrolytes) |
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Term
| What is the primary inorganic substance contained in the human body? |
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Definition
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Term
| Salts are inorganic and have a crystalline atomic structure, they are classified as mineral salts. What is their presence vital for? |
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Definition
Proper cell performance
Creation of energy
Conduction of impulses along nerves |
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Term
| What are the normal cell components? |
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Definition
1. Cell membrane
2. Cytoplasm
3. Cytoplasmic organelles (organelles are subcellular structures)
a. Endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi apparatus or complex
c. Mitochondria
d. Lysosomes
e. Ribosomes
f. Centrosomes
4. Nucleus |
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Term
| Cytoplasm is the protoplasm that exists outside the cell’s nucleus and is primarily composed of water, but also contains what? |
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Definition
• Proteins
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Salts
• Minerals |
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Term
| What does a cytoplasmic organelle consist of? |
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Definition
• Tubules (small tubes)
• Vesicles (small cavities or sacs containing liquid)
• Granules (small insoluble, nonmembranous particles found in cytoplasm)
• Fibrils (minute fibers or strands that are frequently part of a compound fiber) |
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Term
| what are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum that cells have? |
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Definition
• Rough surfaced (granular)
• Smooth (agranular) |
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Term
| What is the large, double-membranous, oval or bean-shaped structure of a cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ribosomes are very small, spherical organelles that attach to the endoplasmic reticulum, what do they consist of? |
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Definition
• Two-thirds RNA
• One-third protein |
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Term
| How does ionizing radiation damage living systems? |
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Definition
| by removing electrons from (ionizing) the atoms comprising the molecular structures of these systems |
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Term
| What are the 3 characteristics of ionizing radiation? |
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Definition
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Term
| List some typical examples of high-LET radiation |
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Definition
• Alpha particles
• Ions of heavy nuclei
• Charged particles released from interactions between neutrons and atoms |
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Term
| Refers to the dissociation of molecules by ionizing radiation |
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Definition
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Term
| Water constitutes what percentage of the body’s weight? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are most blood cells manufactured? |
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Definition
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