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Kin 3515 test 1
test 1
27
Other
Undergraduate 3
06/13/2012

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Term
Motor Unit 
Definition
motor neuron and all the muscle cells it services 
Term
motor unit is the basic _____________ of the muscle
Definition
funcitonal unit 
Term
Motor neurons are connected to the rest of the nervous systerm via _____________
Definition
a complex network of neurons 
Term
neurons and muscle cells are activated by changing their_______
Definition
electrial charges 
Term
Electrical charges can or can't jump between cells
Definition
can't
Term
neurons communicate with other neurons and with muscle cells by releasing 
Definition
neurotransmitters
Term
neurotransmitters
Definition
chemcials released by a neuron which cause either excitation, facilitation, or inhibition
Term
neuron activations or excitations are really waves of ________________ caused by ______ influx
Definition
depolarization; Na+ influx
Term
Depolaization 
Definition
going from negative to positve
Term
repolarization
Definition
going from positive to negative 
Term
Two types of Sodium Gates or Channels
Definition
chemical and electrical 
Term
the Na+ channels allow Na+ entry and 
Definition
depolarization 
Term
chemical Na+ channels
Definition

least numerous

found mainly in the nerve cell body and dendrties

gates are unlocked by neurotransmitters 

Term
electrical channels
Definition

most numerous 

neuronal axons and distal to the synapses

opened when resting membrane potential exceeds a specific threshold voltage (~60mV)

Term
It is the opening and closing of the electrical gates that causes the necessary wave of 
Definition
depolarization called action potential 
Term
before another impulse can be sent down an axon, the nerve must 
Definition
repolarize 
Term
repolarization is faciliated by the _____ which allows 
Definition
Na-K pump; NA+ out and K+ in 
Term
The Na-K pump must have energy in the form of 
Definition
ATP
Term
faciliation 
Definition
raising the RMP above the normal potential, thereby increasing rhe likelihood that succeeding neurotransmitters releases will cause the potential to exceed threshold 
Term
inhibition
Definition
lowering the RMP below the normal potential, thereby decreasing the likilihood of reaching the threshold. usually prevents neuron from acitvating target 
Term
Most common excitatroy neurotranmitters
Definition
norepinephrine and acetylcholine (nerve to muscle) 
Term
most common facilitory neurotansmitters
Definition
norepinephrine and acetylcholine (in lower amounts) 
Term
most common facilitory neurotransmitters
Definition
norepinephrine and acetylcholine (in lower amounts)
Term
norepinephrine activates the __ _____ which produces _______
Definition
adrenal medula; epinephrine 
Term
epinephrine also is known as
Definition
adrenaline
Term
most common inhibitory neurtransmitter
Definition
GABA 
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