Term
| Sternocleidomastoid (in neck) |
|
Definition
O=sternum, clavicle
I=mastoid
A=together cervical flexion(bowing head), singly rotate opposite side
N=Accessory nerve, C2-C3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
parallell to midline
O=pubic crest & symphysis
I=cartilage of ribs 5-7 & xiphoid
A=compress abdomen & flex vertebral column (crunches)
N=T7-T12 (nerves coming off each vertebrae) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=lower 8 ribs
I=iliac crest, linea alba
A=together compress abdomen, singly laterally flex vertebral column
N=T7-T12, iliohypogastric |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
o O=iliac crest, inguinal ligament
I=cartilage of last 3-4 ribs
A=together compress abdomen, singly laterally flex vertebral column
N=T8-T12, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
transversely to the midline
O=iliac crest, inguinal ligament, cartilage of last 6 ribs
I=xiphoid, linea alba
A=compress abdomen
N= T8-T12, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Very deep, breathe in tendons thighten breathe out it relaxes
O=xiphoid, catilage of last 6 ribs
I=central tendon
A=pulls central tendon increase thorax length during inspiration
N=Phrenic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
elevate the ribs
O=inferior border of rib above
I=superior border of rib below
A=elevates ribs, increases thorax lateral & anteroposterior
N=intercostals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
depress ribs, more medial
O=superior border of rib below
I=inferior border of rib above
A=depresses ribs, decreases thorax lateral & anteroposterior
N=intercostals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=occipital, spines c7-t12
I=clavicle, acromion, scapula spine
A=elevate clavicle & head, adduct-rotate-elevate-depress scapula
N= Accessory, C3-C4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=spines t2-t5
I=vertebral border of scapula below spine
A=adduct scapula & rotate down
N= dorsal scapular |
|
|
Term
rhomboid minor
serratus anterior |
|
Definition
| superior to the major; know how to locate it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=superior c4-c5
I=superior vertebral border of scapula
A=elevates dorsal scapula & rotates down
N= dorsal scapula |
|
|
Term
| o ILS – Iliocostalis(most lateral); Longissimus(to the right); Spinalis(above; changes names as well) (ills make up erector spinae muscles that allow us to stand up straight and are responsible for us standing up) they run all the way up to C1&C2 and change names according to where they are in the posterior back. She will give thoracic or lumboral. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| used to hold your head on |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
iliocostalis thoracic
illiocostalis lumboram
splenious thorasis
semispinalus capitias
splenious capitias
splenious cervicus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| muscles of the head and trunk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rectus abdomis
external oblique
internal oblique
transverse abdominis |
|
|
Term
| muscles used in breathing |
|
Definition
diaphragm
external intercostals
internal intercostals |
|
|
Term
| posterior thoracic muscles |
|
Definition
trapezius
rhomboideus major
rhomboid minor
serratus anterior
levator scapulae
nuchal ligament
ils
iliocostalis thoracic
iliocostalis lumboram
splenious thorasis
semispinalus capitias
splenious capitias
splenious cervicus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 2-6
I= greater tubercle, bicip groove
A=flex-medial rotates- adducts humerus
N=Medial/lateral pectoral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=spines t7-t12, sacral crest, ilium
I=bicip groove
A=extends-adducts-medial rotates humerus
N=Thoracodorsal |
|
|
Term
| axial muscles that move the humerus |
|
Definition
pectoralis major
latissimus dorsi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=acromial extremity of clavicle, acromion & spine of scapula/
I=deltoid tuberosity of humerus/
A=abduct-flex-extend-medial & lateral rotate humerus/
N=Axillary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=supraspinous fossa of scapula/
I=greater tubercle of humerous/
A=abduct/
N=Suprascapular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=inferior angle of scapula
I= bicip groove
A=extend-adduct-medially rotates humerus
N= lower subscapular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=inferior lateral border of scapula
I= greater tubercle of humerus
A=extend-adduct-laterally rotates humerus
N= Axillary |
|
|
Term
| scapular muscles that move the humerus |
|
Definition
deltoid
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres major
teres minor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=LH-supraglenoid tubercle, SH-coracoid process of scapula
I=radial tuberosity, bicipital aponeurosis
A=flex humerus, flex-supinate forearm
N=musculocutaneous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
o O=distal-anterior humerus
o I=tuberosity & coronoid process of ulna
o A=flex forearm
o N= musculocutaneous, radial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
o O=supracond ridge
o I=styloid process of radius
o A=flex forearm, partially supinates & pronates
o N=Radial |
|
|
Term
| flexor muscles of forearm (acting on elbow and forearm) |
|
Definition
biceps brachii
brachialis
brachioradialis
pronator teres
supinator |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=LH-infraglenoid tubercle, LatH-lateral & posterior humerus, MedH-posterior humerus
I=olecranon of ulna
A=extends forearm & humerus
N=Radial |
|
|
Term
| extensor muscles of the forearm |
|
Definition
triceps brachii
rotator cuff: sits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=medial epicondyle
I=flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis
A=flex wrist
N=Median |
|
|
Term
| flexor digitorum superficialis |
|
Definition
O= medial epicondyle, coronoid process of ulna
I= middle phalanx
A=flexes middle phalanx of each finger
N=Median |
|
|
Term
| flexor digitorum profundus |
|
Definition
O=anterior medial ulna
I=bases distal phalanx
A=flex distal phalanx of each finger
N=Median, Ulnar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=anterior radius, interosseous membrane
I=base distal phalanx of thumb
A=flex distal phalanx of thumb
N=Median |
|
|
Term
| flexor muscles of the wrist and hand |
|
Definition
palmaris longus
flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollucis longus |
|
|
Term
| extensor carpi radialis longus |
|
Definition
O=lateral supracondylar
I=2nd metacarpal
A=extends-adducts hand at wrist joint
N=Radial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=lateral epicondyle
I=2-5 distal & middle phalanges
A=extends distal & middle phalanges of each finger
N=Radial |
|
|
Term
| extensor prollucis brevis |
|
Definition
O=posterior, middle of radius
I=base proximal phalanx of thumb
A=extends proximal phalanx of thumb
N=Deep Radial |
|
|
Term
| extensor muscles of wrist and hand |
|
Definition
extensor carpi radialism longus
extensor digitorum
extensor pollucis brevis |
|
|
Term
| intrinsic muscles of the hand |
|
Definition
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Adductor Pollicis
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Opponens Pollicis |
|
|
Term
| muscles that move the femur |
|
Definition
pectineous
psoas major
gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
tensor fasciae latae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=transverse processes & bodies of lumbar vertebrae
I=less trochanter of femur
A=flex vertebrae, flex-laterally rotates femur
N=L2-L3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx
I=IT tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur
A= extends-abducts-adducts-laterally rotates femur
N= Inferior Gluteal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=ilium
I=greater trochanter of femur
A=abducts-medially rotates femur
N= Superior Gluteal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=iliac crest
I=IT Band to tibia
A=flex-abducts femur
N=Superior Gluteal |
|
|
Term
| Medial Compartment (thigh): common A=adducts femur/ N=Obutrator |
|
Definition
adductor longus
adductor brevis
gracillis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=pubic symphysis & crest
I=linea aspera
A=flex-adducts-laterally rotates femur
N= Obutrator |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=inferior ramus pubis
I=linea aspera
A=flex-adducts-laterally rotates femur
N=Obutrator |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=pubic symphysis
I= medial tibia
A=adducts femur
N=Obturator |
|
|
Term
| Anterior compartment (thigh): common A=extends leg/ N=femoral |
|
Definition
Quadriceps Femoris
Rectus Femoris:
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
sartorius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=anterior inferior iliac spine
I=superior border patella
A=extend leg, flex femur
N=femoral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=greater trochanter, linea aspera
I=tibial tub via patellar tendon
A=extend leg
N=femoral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=Linea aspera
I= tibial tub via patellar tendon
A=extend leg
N=femoral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=anterior & lateral femur
I=tibial tub via patellar tendon
A=extend leg
N=femoral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=anterior superior iliac spine
I=medial tibia
A=flex-medially rotate leg, flex-laterally rotate femur
N=femoral |
|
|
Term
| Posterior compartment (thigh): common A=extend femur, flex leg/ N=sciatic |
|
Definition
biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=LH-ischial tuberosity, SH-linea aspera
I=fibula head, lateral condyle of tibia
A=flex-laterally rotate leg, extend femur
N=Sciatic (Tibial & Common Peroneal) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=ischial tuberosity
I=proximal-medial tibia
A=flex-medially rotate lef, extend femur
N=Sciatic (Tibial) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=ischial tuberosity
I=medial condyle tibia
A=flex-medially rotate leg, extend femur
N=Sciatic (Tibial) |
|
|
Term
| Posterior compartment (leg): common A=plantarflexion (PF)/ N=tibial |
|
Definition
gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris
flexor hallucis longus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=lateral & medial condyle femur
I=calcaneus via Achilles tendon
A=PF, flex leg
N=Tibial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=fibula head, medial border tibia
I=calcaneus via Achilles tendon
A=PF
N=Tibial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=inferior 2/3 fibula
I=distal phalanx of great toe
A=PF, flex proximal & distal phalanx,
N=Tibial |
|
|
Term
| deep posterior compartment of the leg |
|
Definition
Popliteus
Tibialis Posterior
Flexor Digitorum Longus: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=posterior tibia
I=distal phalanges toes 2-5
A=PF, flex phalanges of toes 2-5
N=Tibial |
|
|
Term
| Anterior compartment (leg): common A=dorsiflexion (DF)/ N=deep peroneal] |
|
Definition
tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=lateral condyle, body of tibia, interosseous membrane
I=1st metatarsal & 1st cuneiform
A=DF, inverts foot
N=Deep Peroneal |
|
|
Term
| extensor digitorum longus |
|
Definition
O=lateral condyle tibia, anterior fibula, interosseous membrane
I=middle & distal phalanges of toes 2-5
A=DF, evert, extends toes
N=Deep Peroneal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=anterior fibula, interosseous membrane
I= distal phalanx of great toe
A= DF, invert, extends proximal phalanx of great toe
N= Deep Peroneal |
|
|
Term
| dorsal muscles of the foot |
|
Definition
extensor halluces brevis
extensor digitorum brevis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O=calcaneus and inferior extensor retinaculum
I=Proximal phalanx of great toe
A=Extends big toe
N-Deep fibular (peroneal) |
|
|
Term
| extensor digitorum brevis |
|
Definition
I=Middle phalanges of toes 2-4
A=Extends toes 2-4
N=Deep fibular |
|
|
Term
| superficial layer of the dorsal foot |
|
Definition
Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor digiti minimi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
flexor halluces brevis
flexor digiti minimi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the bone that it inserts onto is what its going to move
Ex. radial tuberosity moves the radius |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| muscle that inserts directly onto tuberosity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| compresses abdomen/laterally flexes.. gives us the ability to understand and apply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| every muscle has a nerve some have more than one |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
visceral and body movement,
ex. air through lungs
ex. food through our bodies |
|
|
Term
| a rigid structure that moves around a fixed point (fulcrum) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| levers are acted on by two different points which are? |
|
Definition
| EFFORT which is the force that causes the movement and the LOAD is what opposes the movement (for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction) |
|
|
Term
| what is the force that causes movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what opposes the movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1 class: not very common; fixed point (fulcrum) is between effort and load Ex. your head sitting on C1 (vertebral column)
2 class: fairly uncommon; load is between the fixed point/fulcrum and the effort Ex. standing on your tiptoes
3 class: MOST COMMON; effort is between the fulcrum/fixed point and the load Ex. Flexors of our elbow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the pronator pro or antagonist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| example of an opposing pair |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| muscles that stabilize intermediate joints |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| muscles that stabilize the origin of the agonist (prime mover) so that the agonist can work more efficiently |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what four things are muscles classified by? |
|
Definition
| direction of muscle fibers, size of muscle, shape of muscle, and action of muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| size of muscle; longissimus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| size of muscle; major and minor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| shape of muscle; trapezius |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| saw tooth (cerated knife) |
|
|
Term
| shape of muscle; rhomboids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| shape of muscle; orbicularous |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| shape of muscle; pectinate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| shape of muscle; periformous |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| shape of muscle; quadratus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| shape of muscle; gracilis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
action of the muscle; flexor/extensor
ab/adduction
pronator/supinator |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| action of the muscle; leviter |
|
Definition
| elevates with superior movement |
|
|
Term
| action of the muscle; depression |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| action of the muscle; sphincter |
|
Definition
| decreases the size of an opening |
|
|
Term
| action of the muscle; tensor |
|
Definition
| makes a body part tense or rigid |
|
|
Term
| action of the muscle; rotator |
|
Definition
| moves bone around a longitudinal axis |
|
|
Term
| action of the muscle; superficialous/profundus |
|
Definition
superficial
underneath superficial (ex. hands and feet) |
|
|
Term
| what does rectus mean and whats an example? |
|
Definition
| down the middle, linea alba |
|
|
Term
| what is vertebral flexion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deltoid can do everything except what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in anatomical position the long head is more ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which muscle runs down your arm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the triceps is innervated by which nerve
extends forearm and humerus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pronator teres and supinator are what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anterior side is flexors or extensors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which one only moves the pinky fingeR? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which nerve goes under the piriformis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does lateral flexion of the femur and flexion of the vertebrae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| runners tend to get inflammed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tensors are on lateral or medial side? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the tensor fascae latae do? |
|
Definition
| Flexion(anatomical and back)/abduction(to the side) of the femur (bending knee) |
|
|
Term
| what does the adductor longus do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| muscular tissue accounts for how much of bodies total mass? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| explain what muscles are used for in our bodies |
|
Definition
| Most of the work generated by the body; not only walking and moving our arms but even moving our heads, speaking, typing on a computer, and other life functions are using muscles |
|
|
Term
| four functions of muscles |
|
Definition
| body movements, body stability, storing and moving substances, and producing heat |
|
|
Term
| muscular tissue contracts in order for us to maintain body position for posture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| can be found in blood, lymph, urine, air, food |
|
Definition
| storing and moving substances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| something muscle tissue shares with neurons. Impulses that are produced in response to specific stimuli. (internal or external stimuli) you can propagate an impulse, that is sending the signal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability to contract, ability for skeletal muscle to shorten generating force |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability for muscular tissue to stretch, it can stretch up to a certain point without being damaged (when we go beyond motion it can be damaged) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ability for it to go back to original size and length after being stretched |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (goes with EE) you have to have a stimulus and then once the signal starts its going to spread across the tissue, once it propagates it becomes conductivity, it is sending the actual signal itself. |
|
|
Term
| what are parallel rows of collagen fibers that connect muscle to a bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the three different layers? |
|
Definition
| Fibers- surrounded by the endomysium (separates individual muscle fibers, Fasiciles- surrounded by a perimysium, Muscle itself- surrounded by epimysium |
|
|
Term
| what consists of a body connected by tendons to the skeleton |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a tendon an extension of? |
|
Definition
| three connective tissue layers that surrounds the different organizational levels of a skeletal muscle (e.g., triceps) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| length varies. Multinucleated. They are formed in the EMBRYO (you cant make more muscle cells, you can only make what you have bigger) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increasing the cell size (muscle growth after being born) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increasing the cell numbers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the decrease in size or wasting away of muscle to loss of myofibrils within the myofibers (can be caused a couple of ways; permanent injury, birth with CP, disuse atrophy is because the muscle fibers themselves are not getting any flow of nerve impulses or nerve impulse has been reduced; Disuse atrophy can be reversed, irreversible atrophy is called DENERVATION-anything from MS to spinal cord injuries) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plasma membrane of a muscle fiber |
|
|
Term
| t tubules (transverse tubules) |
|
Definition
| these are extensions of the sarcolemma that tunnel their way throughout the muscle fiber; they are open to the outside and filled with interstitial fluid. They are the part that is going to carry the action potential into the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cytoplasm of the skeletal muscle fiber |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| myofibrils are 50x smaller than the diameter of a regular what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are myofibrils separated by? |
|
Definition
| sarcoplasmic reticulum (similar to ER in non muscle cells) |
|
|
Term
| thick and think filaments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stores calcium until it is needed. Once it is released into the sarcoplasm it starts the electrical excitation and the conductivity takes place to spread the activity across the entire muscle fiber. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are myofibrils made up of ? |
|
Definition
| thick filaments and thin filaments which in turn are made of protein |
|
|
Term
| what causes the striated appearance of muscle cells? |
|
Definition
| The pattern of overlap of thick & thin filaments consists of zones and bands which cause the striated appearance of skeletal muscle |
|
|
Term
| what is the sliding theory? |
|
Definition
when muscle contracts, filaments are sliding over each other like our fingers are going through middle of each other
A bands over I bands, they arent changing length |
|
|
Term
| myofibrils are built from three kinds of protein |
|
Definition
| contractile, regulatory, and structural |
|
|
Term
| contractile protein of myofibrils |
|
Definition
| to generate force during the contraction. Myosin (thick filaments) and actin (thin filaments) are contractile proteins |
|
|
Term
| regulatory proteins of myofibrils |
|
Definition
| to regulate the contraction (turn it on or off) troponin and tropomyosin |
|
|
Term
| structural proteins of myofibrils |
|
Definition
| keep the thick and thin filaments in their proper alignment. Allow the skeletal muscle to maintain its properties of elasticity and extensibility |
|
|
Term
| what is a major component of thick filaments? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the major component of thin filaments? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the three key structural proteins? |
|
Definition
| titin, myomesin, and dystrophin |
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Term
| what are the compartments in which the filaments are arranged ? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what kind of disc of the jagged line? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
dark band
stands for anistrophic |
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Term
|
Definition
lighter thinner tighter band
isotrophic |
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Term
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Definition
| band of protein and those hold the thick filaments in place (H zone is the middle of a sarcomere not to get confused with M line) |
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Term
Myosin and Actin ?
Tropomyosin and troponin?
contractile or regulatory? |
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Definition
MA- contractile
TT- regulatory |
|
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Term
| what happens when myosin pulls on the thin filaments and it starts pulling the thin filaments? |
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Definition
| the thin filaments slider over the thick ones pulling the Z disc closer together making the muscle fibers shorten thereby making muscles shorten (called the myosin cross bridge) |
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Term
| how many nerves to most muscles recieve? |
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Definition
one
although some can recieve multiple |
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Term
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Definition
| individual cells that innervate skeletal muscle fibers |
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|
Term
| neuromuscular junction (NMJ) |
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Definition
| point of near contact of that nerve of somatic motor neurons and muscle it is innervating |
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Term
|
Definition
| somatic muscle neuron plus all of the muscle fibers that it innervates |
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Term
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Definition
Ach released from synaptic vesicle
ACh Bind to a receptor (traveling through the transverse tubules and calcium being released)
Release of sodium then muscle action potential is generated (calcium being realeased into sarcoplasmic reticulum, when it makes thick/thin filaments slide over each other starting contraction shortening sarcomeres)
this is when the ACh is broken down (use as much as it needs then muscle contraction ceases) |
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Term
| nerve impulses cross the NMJ from where? |
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Definition
| the somatic neuron to the sarcolemma |
|
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Term
| muscle impulses move inside the muscle fiber via the ?? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| couples electrical excitation to contraction |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what happens when AP's are no longer sent by the somatic motor neuron? |
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Definition
ACh release stops
and it ends the generation of muscle APs |
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Term
| when the sliding filament mechanism happens are they changing length? |
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Definition
| no! one is simply sliding over the other |
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Term
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Definition
| circulatory system has a system that maintains tone |
|
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Term
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Definition
| Weak and involuntary contractions of muscle units (even at rest) to maintain muscle tone we have to alternation contraction and relaxation (also imp for posture) |
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Term
| even at rest we exhibit muscle tone, two example |
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Definition
| isotonic contraction and isometric contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| when your going to have tension developed by the muscle making muscle remain constant. Tension is constant but length of muscle changes. (resistance in moving chair is constant but muscle length changes) |
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Term
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Definition
| muscles stay the same length and don’t change (holding a book in my hand, muscle length is the same and resistant is the same) |
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Term
| tension developed by the muscle remains almost constant while the muscle changes its length (concentric/eccentric isotonic contraction |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| the tension generated is not enough to exceed the resistance of the object to be moved and the muscles does not change in length |
|
|
Term
| what color are healthy muscles? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what does it mean if a muscle is pale white? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| skeltal muscle fibers vary in their content of |
|
Definition
myoglobin (an o2 binding protein)
red muscle fibers;high (more use)
white; low (less use) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| excel in long distance runners and swimmers |
|
|
Term
| fast oxidative-glycolytic |
|
Definition
| excel in activities with intense activities (weight lifting/sprinting) |
|
|
Term
| what does the classification of slow or fast oxidative tell us? |
|
Definition
HOW fast is ATP being broken down, how fast they fatigue
how well you will do in sports
although you can train muscle groups to be more of one than the other |
|
|
Term
| are big muscle people adding new muscle cells? |
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Definition
| no you are born with the muscle cells that you will always have |
|
|
Term
| relative ratio of FG and SO fibers is |
|
Definition
| genetically determined and helps account for individual differences in physical performance {reasoning doping is so critical is because it gives him an advantage because he is changing his genetically predisposed ratio to pump more and more red blood cells} |
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Term
|
Definition
striated, involuntary, branched, and uninucleate
intercellular connections points
and have autorhythmicity |
|
|
Term
| why do cardiac muscular cells have autoryhthmicity? |
|
Definition
| because of intercalated discs |
|
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Term
|
Definition
involuntary, non striated, uninucleate, and tapered cells
there are two types |
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Term
| what are the two types of smooth muscle? |
|
Definition
single unit smooth muscle
multi unit smooth muscle |
|
|
Term
| single unit smooth muscle |
|
Definition
| most common, autorythmic cells are linked by gap junctions (walls of small blood vessels and visceral organs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| less common, contraction of it requires neuronal stimulation (say in large arteries or respiratory airways; when I require my lungs to do more {RUNNNING} it is neuronal stimulation; |
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|
Term
between the ages of 30 and 50 how much muscle is lost?
what about by 80? |
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Definition
estimated 10% of muscle mass is lost; another 40% is lost by age 80
Depends on the individual but statistically that is normal. |
|
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Term
| three types of muscular tissue |
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Definition
| skeletal cardiac and smooth |
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