Shared Flashcard Set

Details

KLETC Week 6
NA
210
Criminal Justice
Professional
02/11/2015

Additional Criminal Justice Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Problems in Parks and School Grounds
Definition
1. Distance from street
2. Crim. remain out of direct view of patrol cars
3. Crim. blend in with crowds
4. Unlighted areas
Term
Crime PreventionElements to Security on commercial structures and business (What is bad)
Definition
1. one employee on shift
2. cannot see into store
3. find unlocked doors and windows
4. inadequate lighting
Term
Elements to residential security
Definition
1. most occur during daytime while at work
2. crim. look for unlocked doors, windows and garages
3. substandard door and window locks
4. Poor landscaping
5. crim. cruise neighborhoods looking for valuables/looking into windows
Term
Potential Problems with parking lots
Definition
1. high volume of mobile traffic
2. many escape routes
3. many hiding places
4. lighting problems
5. items stored outside
6. easy access to unsuspecting citizens
Term
Benefits of environmental design
Definition
1. Shrubbery and trees should not be close to doors
2. these should be trimmed low or up from bottom
3. decorative walls and landscaping should allow view of exterior from distance
4. Speed bumps
5. Strategic lighting for parking lots and businesses to include fencing
Term
Basic Techniques to checking security of vacant homes and property
Definition
1. routine and random checks throughout shift
2. walk around buildings
3. doors and windows physically checked
4. Officer Safety
5. Be prepared for a burglary in process
Term
Define Mental Illness
Definition
A disease that causes mild to severe disturbances in thought and/or behavior, resulting in an inability to cope with life's ordinary demands and routines.
Term
Origins and Causes of mental illness
Definition
1. Genetic
2. Chemical/Biological/Neurological
3. Traumatic brain injury
4. Environmental stresses
5. any combination of above
Term
symptoms exhibited by an individual with a mental illness
Definition
1. Psychosis
a) hallucinations
b) delusions
2. Paranoia
3. Depression
4. Mania
5. Anxiety
a) Panic Disorder
b) Phobias
c) OCD
d) PTSD
e) Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
6. Personality Disorders
a) Antisocial Personality Disorder
7. Lack of Impulse Control
8. Disassociation
Term
Effective ways to handle situations with the mentally ill in crisis
Definition
1. Do not respond alone
2. Maintain a good reactionary gap
3. take time to assess the individual and environment
4. take time to establish rapport
5. maintain a non-threating environment
Term
Law enforcement approach and methods of establishing rapport of the mentally ill or developmentally disabled
Definition
1. Be calm
2. Introduce self and for their name
3. Give clear instructions
4. Be a good listener
5. Let them explain what is going on
6. Be empathetic to their feelings
7. acknowledge delusions and hallucinations/convince to focus on you
8. Be encouraging and supportive
9. Ask open ended questions
10. Clarify their answers in needed
11. Avoid confrontational communication
Term
Role of Law Enforcement in involuntary commitment
Definition
1. Determine if they are a threat to themselves or others
2. Collect and report specific info to help doctors and mental health staff with evaluation process
3. To release individuals who have unusual behavior but can care for themselves and are no threat to themselves or others
Term
Legal requirements of emergency detention of the mentally ill
Definition
Reasonable belief formed upon investigation that a person is a mentally ill person and because of person's mental illness is likely to cause harm to self or others
2. shall be examined in 17 hours if not done so at time of commitment
3. No person shall be detained by LEO in a nonmedical facility used for detention of persons charged with or convicted of a crime.
Term
Procedures to take custody of and transport the mentally ill
Definition
1. transport to hospital or mental facility
2. in a transport van or cruiser with plexiglass or metal shielding
3. unmarked vehicle
4. females transport females
Term
Law Enforcement issues with mentally ill and disabled in criminal justice system
Definition
1. Jail may not be the best place
2. Involuntary commitment
3. voluntary commitment
4. out-patient services
Term
Differences between mental illness and developmental disabilities
Definition
Mental illness have behavioral changes due to their illness. Meds help. condition better with meds.

Developmental disability has below normal intellectual functioning and/or impairments in some behavior. Meds do not help. Permanent condition.
Term
Diseases or conditions that are mistaken for mental illness or developmental disability
Definition
1. Low blood sugar/Diabetes
2. Epilepsy
3. High blood pressure
4. Stroke
5. Brain tumors
6. Head injuries
7. Severe infections
8. Meningitis
9. Pneumonia
10. Drug/alcohol impairment
Term
Risk Factors of suicidal person
Definition
1. Serious illness or death in family
2. Loss of health
3. Emotional/physical/sexual abuse or domestic violence
4. Divorce or separation
5. Psychiatric illness
6. History of suicidal behavior
7. Arrest or disciplinary crisis
8. Loss of employment or financial setback
9. Entry into or finishing therapy
Term
Warning signs of suicidal person
Definition
1. Talking about death or suicide
2. Ending significant relationships
3. Making final arrangements
4. Giving away possessions
5. Taking unnecessary risks
6. Having a suicide plan
Term
Procedures for initial contact with suicidal person
Definition
1. Call for backup
2. Do not handle the call alone
3. Always maintain your own safety
4. Maintain calm demeanor
5. Gain rapport
6. Be sympathetic and non-judgmental
7. Go slow
8. if no imminent danger, then listen
9. do not allow family or religious persons to talk with them
Term
Issues relating to "police assisted suicide"
Definition
1. Officer often second guesses his own actions
2. common to suffer PTSD
3. needs reminding that it was not his fault
Term
Law Enforcement issues with the physically disabled
Definition
1. Transporting (wheelchairs)
2. Visually impaired
a) announce that your LEO
b) state clearly all instructions
c) visual instructions read aloud
3. Hearing impaired
a) sign language or lip reading
b) TTY/TTD/TT
4. Infectious disease (treat like anyone else needing medical attention)
Term
Law Enforcement concerns with Alzheimer's disease and Dementia
Definition
1. Wandering
2. False reports
3. Driving
4. Shoplifting
5. Indecent Exposure
6. Restraining
Term
Common types of elder abuse
Definition
1. Physical
2. Psychological/Emotional
3. Neglect
4. Financial
5. Abandonment
6. Self-neglect
Term
Procedures for an elder abuse investigation
Definition
1. Question elder alone
2. ask questions to determine level of function (do not stop the investigation if the elder is irrational or incompetent)
3. Look for multiple types of abuse
4. question other sources
5. Build an evidence based case
a) photos
b) documents and evidence
c) 911 tape
d) Evidence of addictions
e) Geriatric specialist
f) adult protective services
Term
Offenses that need reported with KSAR
Definition
submitted for all Group A and B offenses plus minors in Poss of Tobacco

Arrest data should be reported by the same agency that reported the offense
Term
Who reports KSAR to KBI
Definition
Arrest data should be reported by the same agency that reported the offense
Term
KSAR Admin section
Definition
Initial-new report being submitted first time

Modify-some data is being changed from intial report

Add- data is being added

Delete- used only when KSAR is submitted incorrectly and no arrest of any kind was made
Term
Arrest section of KSAR
Definition
1. Name of agency
2. Agency ORI number
3. Case Number
4. Date of Arrest
Term
Arrest Transaction number of KSAR
Definition
12 digit number created by livescan for tracking
Term
Type of arrest on KSAR
Definition
On-view - offender is placed into custody without warrant or previous incident

Taken into Custody - based on a warrant or previous incident, suspect left scene and or time has passed since incident

Summoned/cited - not taken into custody
Term
Juveniles and KSAR
Definition
KSAR is required no matter how the juvenile is disposed
Term
Juvenile dispositions for KSAR
Definition
Handled in Department-released to parents

Referred to other authorities-turned over to court, probation, welfare agency, or other police agency
Term
Clearance indicator for KSAR
Definition
Count-arrestee date which person is being arrested on at this time

Multiple-recorded for all other cases being cleared on this arrest

Outside Agency- arrest is for another agency
Term
Offenses that need reported with KSAR
Definition
submitted for all Group A and B offenses plus minors in Poss of Tobacco

Arrest data should be reported by the same agency that reported the offense
Term
Who reports KSAR to KBI
Definition
Arrest data should be reported by the same agency that reported the offense
Term
KSAR Admin section
Definition
Initial-new report being submitted first time

Modify-some data is being changed from intial report

Add- data is being added

Delete- used only when KSAR is submitted incorrectly and no arrest of any kind was made
Term
Arrest section of KSAR
Definition
1. Name of agency
2. Agency ORI number
3. Case Number
4. Date of Arrest
Term
Arrest Transaction number of KSAR
Definition
12 digit number created by livescan for tracking
Term
Type of arrest on KSAR
Definition
On-view - offender is placed into custody without warrant or previous incident

Taken into Custody - based on a warrant or previous incident, suspect left scene and or time has passed since incident

Summoned/cited - not taken into custody
Term
Juveniles and KSAR
Definition
KSAR is required no matter how the juvenile is disposed
Term
Juvenile dispositions for KSAR
Definition
Handled in Department-released to parents

Referred to other authorities-turned over to court, probation, welfare agency, or other police agency
Term
Clearance indicator for KSAR
Definition
Count-arrestee date which person is being arrested on at this time

Multiple-recorded for all other cases being cleared on this arrest

Outside Agency- arrest is for another agency
Term
Define Mandatory reporting of child abuse
Definition
1. medical care or treatment
2. provide mental health services
3. PERSONS LICENSED for child care
4. educational institutions
5. LEO's, firefighters, community service people

must report abuse to DCF
Term
Criminal offenses applicable to child abuse
Definition
21-5602 Abuse of a child
21-5506 Indecent Liberties with a child
21-5510 Sexual Exploitation of a child
Term
Elements of 21-5602

Abuse of a Child
Definition
1. Knowingly
and
2. Torturing or cruelly beating
3. any child under 18 YOA
or
1. shaking
2. any child under 18
3. results in great bodily harm
or
1. inflicting cruel and inhuman corporal punishment upon child under 18 YOA
Term
Elements of 21-5506

Indecent Liberties with a Child
Definition
1. Child is 14 or 15 YOA
and
2. lewd fondling or touching either by child or offender
3. with the intent
4. to arouse or satisfy sexual desires
5. of child or offender or both
or
1. Solicitation of the same above
Term
Elements of 21-5506(b)

Aggravated Indecent Liberties with a Child
Definition
1. Sexual Intercourse
2. child 14 or 15 YOA
or
1. child 14 or 15 YOA
2. does NOT consent
3. lewd fondling or touching either by child or offender
4. with the intent
5. to arouse or satisfy sexual desires
6. of child or offender or both
or
1. Causing child to touch another person in lewd fondling, touching with intent to arouse the child, offender or other
or
1. child under 14 YOA
2. All acts mentioned above (Any lewd fondling and Soliciting)
Term
Abnormal Behavior
Definition

any number of actions, statements, mannerisms that are not expected/natural

Possible reasons:
- get attention
- drug use
- trauma/accident
- cultural differences
- mental state
Term
Mental Illness Facts
Definition

affects ~54 million

usually are not dangerous except to selves
stigmas attached
is a disease that is usually treatable
at least 1/2 have substance abuse issues
 
Defined as a disease that causes mild/severe disturbances in thought/behavior resulting in an inability to cope w/ life's ordinary demands/routines
Term
Origins of Mental Illness
Definition

Genetic

Chemical/Biological/Neurological
Physical (trauma/accident)
Environmental Stresses
Combination
Term
Mental
Conditions
Definition

Psychosis

Paranoia
Term
Psychosis "Out of Touch with Reality"
Definition

perceives world differently

changes int he brain affect thinking, emotion, behavior
hallucinations/delusions
disorganized thinking; may be impossible to communicate w/
neglected appearance
excited/angry/emotionless
sit extremely still/cannot stop moving
drastic behavior changes from norm
Term
 
Paranoia
Definition
a suspiciousness that is either highly exaggerated or not warranted
 
may be related to delusions
unable to trust
danger cannot be predicted
anyone can develop (even outside of mental illness, ie extremist groups)
Term
Types of Mental Illness
Definition

Affective

Anxiety
Psychotic
Personality
Other
Term
Affective - Depression
Definition

most prevalent w/ 19 million

defined as clinical, major, unipolar, severe
affects behavior, thoughts, feelings
any age; women 2x as often
not just blues/bad mood
15% commit suicide
Symptoms:
- persistent sad/anxious/empty mood
- sleep more/less; loss of energy, fatigue
- change in appetite/weight
- worthless/guilt
- thoughts of death/suicide
- difficulty thinking/remembering/concetration
Term
Affective - Bipolar
Definition

both depression and mania in cycles

2.3 million
men/women; more cycling in women
psychotic episodes in either cycle
most have relatives w/depression
20% commit suicide
Mania symptoms
- excessive energy; decreased need for sleep
- high/euphoric states
- unusual sex drive
- easily irritated/distracted
- unrealistic belief in abilities/power
- risky behavior
Term
Anxiety
Definition

Panic - attacks occurring w/ no logical cause; feels like heart attack

Phobias - deep seated fear that is irrational, distressing, disruptive
OCD - consumed by obsessions
PTSD - unable to clear images from disaster/trauma
GAD - anxiety w/o cause/trigger
Term
Psychotic
Definition

Schizophrenia

- 2 million
- not violent but withdrawn
- men/women; men earlier
- NOT split personality
Term

 

Personality

Definition

APD - a pattern of disregarding/violating other's rights/safety; psychopaths/sociopaths

Diagnosed when 18 yoa and 3+ repeated acts since 15:
- acts could lead to arrest
- conning
- impulsivity
- assaults
- reckless
- poor work behavior
- rationalize pain caused
Term
 
APD Symptoms
Definition

defiant

lack of remorse/guilt/empathy
self absorbed
irresponsible
deceitful
manipulative
superficial charm/whit; glibness/superficiality
shallow emotions; egocentriocity/grandiocity
irritable/aggressive
lack of anxiety/emotion when warranted
Term
APD Beliefs/Relationships/Views
Definition

Do what they believe is right regardless of impact

Contemptuous of authority; of morals/ethics/customs of society
Talent for pathological lying
Believe they are special; need to prove superiority
Others are weak/vulnerable
Callous about pain caused
manipulative
Competitive/slick/calculating
Term
Impulse Control Disorders
Definition

Disorders in which a person acts on certain impulses, that are potentially harmful, but they cannot resist

Pyromania
Kleptomania
Pathological Gambling
etc
Term
Dissociative Disorders
Definition

disorders where the person is disconnected from full awareness of self/time/external circumstances

Dissociative Amnesia
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Term
Mental Illness in Children
Definition

7 million; depression most common

also suffer from emotional/behavioral disorders which makes diagnosis difficult
14 suicides/day
Term
Autism
Definition

Developmental Disorder

Impaired social interaction
May not react to name
Difficulty interpreting tones/facial expressions
Appear unaware of others' feelings
repetitive movements (rocking, hand twirling, biting, head banging)
Self injurious activities
Abnormal/Extra sensitive to sound/touch/other stimuli
Reduced sensitivity to pain
Term
ADHD/ADD
Definition

neurobehavioral disorder that interferes w/ one's ability to pay attention

Inattention: difficulty staying on task; easily distracted; forgetful in daily activities; does not seem to listen
Hyperactivitiy: fidgets; talks a lot; can't sit still
Impulsivity: difficulty waiting turn; often interrupts; says inappropriate things
Term
Mental Illness Meds
Definition
Do not cure the illness, only treat the symptoms
Term
Responding to Calls for special populations
Definition

Prior to contact, consider prior police contact and if possible contact someone who has some info on the person and their behavior (family, neighbor, witnesses/complainant)

DO NOT respond alone
Keep at a safe distance
Do not base this interaction on previous events, will be unpredictable
Term
Assessing Possible Mentally Ill
Definition

Appearance: visual search for weapons; strange clothing; dirty

Behavior -
Speech: illogical; rapid; slurred;loud/soft; irritated, angry, belligerent
Body Movement: agitated, pacing, abrupt, forceful; repetitive; slowed
Body Language: open; guarded; defensive; threatening
Term
Goals of Response to Call
Definition

Get situation under control; get the person help from a trained professional

Help w/o aggravating the situation
Term
Responding to Calls special populations continued...
Definition

Time is your ally

- evaluate individual and environment
- establish rapport
- find out what is going on; listen
- give time to quiet down/vent
- do not give impression you do not have time for them
Control environment
- non threatening
- reduce noise
Term
more information responding to call special populations...
Definition

Your Actions

- remain low key
- do not judge
- do not take anger personally
- do not respond with aggression
- do not deceive/make promises/agree with delusions
- do not threaten/abuse/make fun of
BE ALERT
Speak slowly, quietly
Look at person; get attention
Do not expect rational discussion
Avoid giving several instructions at once/changing wording; give positive instructions
Allow time for comprehension
Do not be fooled by sudden return to reality; they could go back at any time or be faking
Term
Use of Force on Mentally Ill
Definition

DO NOT restrain alone

Know where your firearm is at all times
Think safety and treatment
Do thorough search but with caution
Apprehend in way least likely to hurt person
Term

Transport

Special Populations
Definition

Follow policy

Use wagon/van/plexiglass shielding/ambulance
Leather/velcro restraints
To a hospital or treatment facility
Term
Mentally Handicapped
Definition

not mental illness

below normal intellectual functioning and impairments in some behavior
permanent
may appear alert, function more like a child
variety in skill levels
men/women, all cultures
Term
Indications of Mental handicap
Definition

Unable to formulate thoughts/answers quickly

Speech defects
Appear interested in children
Slow responses
Poor judgement
Inadequate in personal relationships
Socially immature
Unable to foresee consequences of an act
Resent nicknames/ unkind words
Become aggressive to feel important
Term
Mental handicap and Criminal JUstice System
Definition

High level of persons in Criminal Justice system

Are easily manipulated and are unaware of the consequences/actions as accomplices
4 to 10 times more likely to be victimized
Term
Dealing w/ Mentally Handicap Person
Definition

Go slowly

Patience
Rephrase questions in simple language
Minimize outside influences
Term
Suicide
Definition

More men die than women

72% by white males
Thought to be 8-25 attempts for every completion
Can be linked to drug/alcohol abuse
Firearms most frequent method
Term
Risk Factors of Suicide
Definition

Serious illness or death in family

Loss of health
Any abuse or DV
Divorce/separation/breakup
Psychiatric illness
History of suicidal behavior
Arrests/disciplinary crisis
Loss of employment or other financial setback
Entry into or finishing therapy
Term
Warning Signs of Suicide
Definition

Talking about death/suicide

Ending significant relationships
Making final arrangements
Giving away possessions
Taking unnecessary risks
Having a suicide plan
Term
Contact w/ Suicidal Person
Definition

Call for backup; do not handle alone

Behavior/attitude can have large impact
Be calm; do not become agitated/excited
Gain rapport
Be sympathetic/non judging
Be patient; time is your ally; let them vent
Contact family to get info, don't let them talk to subject
Most are not certain they want to die, only want pain to stop but don't know any other way
Term
 
What to Say to Suicidal Person
Definition

Ask about plan

- How? Have everything? Taken any action? Past attempts? Locate weapons
Don't be afraid to talk about suicide/death
Avoid problem solving, advice giving, belittling, arguments
Do not say: It will be better tomorrow; Cheer up; It is not so bad; Threaten
Term
Suicide by Cop
Definition

Want to kill themselves, not strong enough

Officers feel bad, not their fault, had limited options
Term
LEO Suicide
Definition

Stress, alcoholism, depression, family conflicts, problems/discipline at work + readily available guns = Possibility

More likely to kill selves than be killed in the line of duty
Unlikely to seek help; warning signs generally present as with other people
Better to lose the badge than the life
Term
Insanity Defense
Definition

 

A defendant cannot be held criminally responsible for conduct if, when he committed the act charged, his mind was so defective or diseased that he did not know its nature and quality, he did not know that the act was wrong

Term

Emergency Detention

Special Populations

Definition
Officer has reasonable belief that a person is likely to cause harm to self or others, shall be transported to a treatment facility
Term
Elder Abuse Types
Definition

Physical

Psychological/Emotional
Neglect
Financial
Abandonment
Self Neglect
Location: may live in a nursing home, private home and have a caretaker, other institution
Term
Physical Abuse (Elder)
Definition
the use of physical force, which is willfully inflicted, that may result in bodily injury, pain or impairment
Term
Psychological/Emotional Abuse (Elder)
Definition
the willful infliction of mental suffering, anguish, pain or distress
Term
Neglect (Elder)
Definition
the refusal or failure of a caretaker to provide for the needs of an elder
Term
Financial Abuse (Elder)
Definition
the illegal or improper use of an elder's funds, property, or assets
Term
Abandonment (Elder)
Definition
The desertion of an elderly person by an individual who has assumed responsibility for providing care or has physical custody of an elder
Term
Self Neglect (Elder)
Definition
elder behaves in a way that threatens their own health and safety through inattention or apathy
Term
Recognizing Elder Abuse
Definition

victim may not be able to assist in the investigation

story the victim and others surrounding them give fits the claim
consider aggravated charges (elders are frail)
Term
Risk Factors of Elder Abuse
Definition

Substance abuse (by elder or suspect)

Prior history of abuse
Frailty, disability, impairment of elder
Dependence (in any way, by anyone)
Term
Indicators of Abuse: Physical
Definition

Bruises, black eyes, cuts, welts, rope marks

Broken bones
Absence of hair and/or hemorrhaging below the scalp
Report of abuse
Refusal to allow visitors to see elder alone
Term
Indicators of Abuse: Psychological/Emotional
Definition

Fear

Withdrawal
Depression
Hesitation to talk openly
Confusion
Report of abuse
Term

Indicators of Abuse:

Neglect
Definition

Dehydration, malnutrition, untreated bedsores, poor personal hygiene

Dirt, fecal/urine smell, other health hazard
Rashes, sores, lice
Untreated medical conditions
Report of abuse
Term
Indicators of Abuse: Abandonment
Definition

Desertion of an elder at a hospital, nursing facility, shopping center or public location

Report of abandonment
Term
Indicators of Abuse: Financial
Definition

Unusual activity in bank account

Unexplained disappearances of funds and possessions
Recent changes in power of attorneys, wills or financial investments
Provision of services that are not necessary
Spending habits/care that are not in line with the estate
Term
Indicators of Abuse: From Caretaker
Definition

Elder not given opportunity to speak for him/herself or see others w/o caregiver

Attitudes of indifference or anger towards the elder
Caregiver blames elder or is overly hostile
Previous history of abuse to others
Problems with drugs or alcohol
Unwarranted defensiveness by caregiver
Term
Barriers to Elder Abuse Investigation
Definition

Isolation of elder

Cultural barriers (race, gender, other)
Stereotyping by elder, others, police
Victim barriers
- fear
- dementia
- guilty or stupid about actions
- shame at raising such a person
Term
Investigating Elder abuse
Definition

Separate elder

Ask questions to determine functionality but do not stop if irrational/incompetent, these are more likely to be victimized
Look for multiple types of abuse
Many sources of info to consider (doctors, neighbors, friends, family, clergy, hair dressers, etc)
Term
Build Evidence Based Case elder abuse
Definition

Do not rely on testimony

Take lots of photos (injuries, living conditions)
Documents and evidence
Copy of 911 tape
Evidence of addictions
Geriatric specialists
Get APS involved, possible prior abuse reports
Term
Define Alzheimer's
Definition
Progressive irreversible disease that attacks and destroys nerve cells in the brain

Symptoms:

- Gradual memory loss
- Decline in ability to perform routine tasks
- Impairment of judgment
- Personality change
- Difficulty in learning
- Loss of language/communication skills
Term
Signs a Person Has Alzheimer's
Definition

Confused or disoriented

Appears lost or wandering
Appears agitated, fearful, angry
Is unable to grasp or remember present situation
Has difficulty judging passage of time
Asks the same questions over and over
Gives inappropriate responses to questions
Dressed inappropriately
Blank or inappropriate expressions
Delusional
Term
Possible LE Contact with Alzhiemers Person
Definition

Wandering

False reports
Driving
Shoplifting
Indecent Exposure
Term

Mandatory Reporting

Child Abuse and Neglect
Definition

Most children are unable or unwilling to take care of themselves and unable to report these crimes. KS requires some agencies to report abuse/neglect to SRS or LEAs:

 

Persons providing medical care or treatment
Licensed by the state to provide mental health services
School employees and persons licensed to provide child care services
Done orally and written when requested
Term

 

Exemption from Liability
Definition

 

Those reporting/taking part in an abuse case without malice are except from civil liability
Term

Kansas Statute

Abuse of a child

Definition
Abuse of a child (under 18 yoa) is knowingly: torturing or cruelly beating; shaking which results in great bodily harm; cruel and inhuman corporal punishment
Term

Kansas Statute

Indecent Liberties with a Child and Agg

Definition

Child >14 but <16 Engaging in:

lewd fondling or touching with intent to arouse; soliciting in lewd fondling or touching with intent to arouse
Aggravated:
Sex with a child >14 but <16
Engaging in Indecent Liberties w/ a Child >14 but <16 w/o consent or <14
Term

Kansas Statute

Sexual Exploitation of a Child

Definition

Employing, using, persuading, inducint, enticing or coercing a child under 18yr old or offender believes is under 18yrs old to engage in sexually explicit conduct for the purpose of performance;

 

possessing visual depiction of child engaging in sexually explicit conduct w/intent to arouse (PORNOGRAPHY)

 

parent or guardian knowingly permitting such acts

 

 

Term
Define Sexually Explicit Conduct
Definition

Actual or simulated

In the nude

Sexual intercourse or sodomy

including genital-gential, oral-genital, anal-genital or oral anal contact.

with person of opposite sex or same sex.

Masturbation

Sado-masochistic abuse w/intent to arouse

 

Term
Police Protective Custody
Child Abuse and Neglect
Definition

Children <18 yoa may be taken into custody when:

there is a court order or PC to believe one exists; reasonably believes child will be harmed if not removed; PC to believe child is a missing person and entry has been found in NCIC
Term

Define

Pedophilia

Definition

is a diagnostic term and means attraction to or love of children

"the act or fantasy of engaging in sexual activity with pre-pubertal children as repeatedly preferred or exclusive method of achieving sexual excitement"
Child molester is an individual who engages in any type of sexual activity with a child
Term
Preferential Sex Offender
Definition
practices a preferred or exclusive method of achieving sexual arousal that involves unconventional mental imagery or acts and who is regard by contemporary psychiatry as suffering from a diagnosable psychosexual disorder
Term
Situational Sex Offender
Definition
suffers from no identifiable psychosexual disorder but engages in sex offenses as a result of a wide variety of situational factors
Term
Components of Child Abuse
Definition

Child -

child may be unwanted, over active, handicapped or chronically ill. At times the parents have unreasonable expectations that the child simply cannot live up to

Abuser -
the abuser is typically young, single and very dependent. They possess low self-esteem and often harbour underlying feelings of depression. Substance abuse is often present
Crisis -
can be almost anything such as death, divorce, loss of job, financial problems, etc
Term
Physical signs of Child Abuse
Definition

Area and age of the injury

Fractures

Bruises

Human Bite Marks

Genital injuries, irritation or discharge

Child Has sexually transmitted infection

Brain or skull injuries

Internal organ damage

Burns

Failure to thrive-inadequate nutrition, disease

 

 Injuries such as abrasions on the knees, palms of the hands may very well be accident injuries and not abuse

Term

Behavioral Characteristics

Abused Child

Definition

Thinks they have been bad

Fails to look at parents for reassurance

Wary of physical contact w/adults

constantly alert

Term

Behavioral Characteristics of

Abuser

Definition

Evasive in providing info

Provides contradictory info

Fails to volunteer info

Demonstrates little concern for injuries of child

states child is accident prone or clumsy

delays or neglects seeking care for child

attempts to hide childs injuries.

Term
Isolation of Affect
Child Abuse and Neglect
Definition

emotional barrier or wall which is used as a defense mechanism to block undesirable aspects of human life.

Good in almost every situation except interviewing children. They can/will sense it and not want to disclose information
Term
Factors of Victimology
Child Abuse and Neglect
Definition

Dependency; children easily persuaded

Developmental stage:
Younger children are naturally trusting and will keep secrets when told to by an adult; too young to know normal/abnormal sexual behavior
Older children may be looking for love/affection lacking in the home
Relationship of the offender to the child
Support sytems availaable to the child
Severity of the abuse
Confusion can be a factor
Gender of the child and the offender
 
Term
Factors of Disclosure of Abuse
Definition

Severity of the abuse (injuries, often of sex organs or area)

- some victims may be conditioned first
- may be a long period of time since abuse
Confusion on child's part in reaction to abuse
Gender can affect how the child feels, ie shame, confusion
Too ashamed to discuss victimization

Term
Behavior Indicators
Child Abuse and Neglect
Definition

Inappropriate sexual play or age inappropriate understanding

Seductive behavior towards investigator; sexuality confusion
Self-destructive behavior
Delinquent/criminal activity; Manipulative behavior
Social/emotional withdrawal; running away
Poor peer relationships
Excessive baths; loss of appetite
Overly Compliant behavior
Term

Physical Indicators

Child Abuse and Neglect
Definition

Rely on properly trained medical personnel

to provide opinions on the results of sexual assault exam.
 
Term
Initial Investigation
Child Abuse and Neglect
Definition

Interview all parties involved separately;

also interview people who spoke with victim and families

Medical evidence is important victim should be examined by a doctor
Injuries photographed initially and at later stages of healing
Scene should always be  processed (4th admendment)
Observant for evidence tha tmay have caused injuries.
The "WEAPON" may not be usual
Measure furniture heights and water temps and configurations
Signs of alcohol/substance abuse
Dont let parents discuss the incident ith child
Term
False Allegations of Abuse
Child Abuse and Neglect
Definition

Lead by a parent to make allegation

Just as important to disprove false allegations as to prove actual ones
Do not allow parents to discuss the incident with the child
Term
Protocol for Interviewing Children
Child Abuse and Neglect
Definition

Strategy and planning

Building rapport
Evaluating the child
Conducting the interview
The disclosure
Closing the interview
Term
Strategy and Planning
Child Abuse and Neglect
Definition

Have extensive knowledge of the facts

Open ended questions
Interview should be recorded
Setting as child friendly as possible
Educate parents on interview process; explain why it is a bad idea for them to be present
Joint interviews: reduces # of interviews but could intimidate child; adjust as needed
Timing: in morning hours; not after naps, meals, middle of night
Term
Building Rapport
Child Abuse and Neglect
Definition

Get to know the child and set them at ease

Discuss daily activities of the child
Offer to shake hands; snacks, drinks
Make a positive first impression
Be careful of physical affection, let them set limits
Adopt's child's body language, ie sitting on floor, but be safe
Term
Evaluating the Child
Child Abuse and Neglect
Definition

Developmental stage of the child is important

Does the child know right from wrong, etc? Understand sexual significance of the act?
Ask these types of questions:
Time and date; about family activities; numbers; knowledge of distance and size
Term
Conducting the Interview
Child Abuse and Neglect
Definition

Do not lead victim through interview

Open ended questions
Let them tell the story w/o outside influence
Never ask "why" questions
Be prepared for denial - do not confront about it, give time, take another direction
Child may initiate sexual behavior, stop/slow them and explain they do not need to show you; document
Use comforting statements
Interruptions could end the interview
Term
The Disclosure
Child Abuse and Neglect
Definition

Control reactions and thank for info, get details

Ask about photos, other sexual activity, other victims
Allow the child to use own terminology: use dolls, drawings, diagrams to define and use these terms
Term
Closing the Interview
Child Abuse and Neglect
Definition

Thank the child for their information

Explain what will happen from there
Do not make promises
Make referrals for additional support mechanisms
Let parents/guardian and children know that they are able to call you with questions
Term
Problems with Child Interviews
Child Abuse and Neglect
Definition

Emotional mindset of the interviewer

Repetitive interviews
Prolonged interviews
Child's feelings of embarrassment, guilt, confusion or withdrawal
Allowing the parents in the interview room
Term
Define
Surveillance
Definition
the continuous observation of persons, places or things, generally but not necessarily in an unobtrusive manner, to obtain information concerning the activities of individuals engaged in criminal activity
Term
Situations Where surveillance can be employed effectively
Definition

Verify the reliability of an informant

Dignitary or protection of an official
Obtain sufficient evidence to effect an arrest
Secure arrests from a search warrant
Locate/apprehend suspects and wanted persons
ID relationships between known/unknown people
Attempt to prevent the commission of a crime
Determine methods of conducting a raid
Prepare schedules of movements
Safeguarding persons, property, personal effects
Term
Uniformed vs Non Uniformed
Surveillance
Definition

Uniformed officers are not secret but it is possible to be covert

Non uniformed officers have more ability to move freely w/o drawing too much attention; geared towards covert; use unmarked vehicles to blend in
Term
Objectives of Surveillance
Definition

Obtain evidence of a crime; prevent crime

Gain ongoing intel
Obtain PC for search warrants
Provide added info for testimony
Provide info for more interviews
Check reliability of informant
Ascertain info on subject's activity
Ascertain whereabouts of a person
Gain info and knowledge of suspect's associates
Locate hidden contraband/hiding places
Term
Define Arrest surveillance
Definition

Pre-arrest surveillance

to ensure safety of fficers, citizens, and suspects during arrest.

History and backgorund info on suspect

Knowledge of weapons and officer safety issues

location info for safety

prep for night time arrest

adequate number of officers to handle arrest

any unknowns

additional unknown co-conspirators

Officer Safety

Term
Types of
Surveillance
Definition

 

 

Fixed: remains in one position; limited radius of mobility; stakeout

Mobile: able to move with subject; auto, bike, foot, train, airplane, helicopter
Technical: use electronic visual/audio devices to enhance or capture information
Covert: hidden; used for UC ops
 

 

Close: not concerned with being burnt; not losing subject most important

Loose: loss of subject is preferred to possible exposure
Arrest: necessary to ensure safety; adequate # of officers; planning; co-conspirators; counter surveillance
Term
Aids to Surveillance
Definition

Binoculars

Low-level light viewing devices
RF transmitters
Term
Procedures for surveillance
Definition

Foot: 1, 2, ABC, Leap Frog; increasing security against detection; used generally to maintain contact once subject has left vehicle; avoid most types unless necessary

Mobile: 1, 2, 3, Leap Frog: requires preparation; adequate vehicles/officers;
Combined Foot and Mobile to be versatile
Public Transit: difficult; prep is critical; correct monies; be prepared to change methods
Term
Define
Crime Prevention
Definition

The anticipation, recognition, appraisal of crime risk and the initiation of some action to remove it or reduce it.

This is a joint responsibility of officers and the public but often many choices lie in the hands of the public t choose to enact suggestions by LEO.
Term
Issues with Parks and School Grounds
Definition

Problems: some distance from the street; secluded; criminals are out of direct view of cars; unlighted areas

 
Fixes: functional lighting; bike/foot patrols; community involvement; open communication
Term
Large Commercial Buildings and Businesses
Crime Prevention
Definition

Problems: one employee on duty; cannot see inside; loitering; away from traffic; not adequate lighting; open/unlocked doors and windows

 
Fixes: functional lighting; alarm systems; security guards; more employees; building checks by LEO
Term

 

Residential
Crime Prevention
Definition

Problems: occur during day; some are easy targets; defective doors and locks; poor landscaping

 
Fixes: education; watch programs; ID tagging valuables; dogs; alarms; quality door systems; trimmed landscaping; functional lighting; vacation watch by LEO; checking vacant properties; valuables out of direct view
Term
Parking Lots
Crime Prevention
Definition

Problems: high volume of traffic; easy escape; blend in; hiding places; lighting issues; access to victims

 
Fixes: education; functional lighting; security; video; cooperation with businesses, managers; patrol
Term
Enviromental Design and Crime prevention
Definition

Shrubs and trees trimmed to reduce hiding places, allows view of front of building

Speed bumps to reduce speed
Lighting to illuminate parking lots and businesses
Term

The Narrative Report

Report Writing
Definition

Purpose:
Establish a legal foundation for an arrest and charges

report the facts that constitute the elements of the crime
facts that establish PC
Document Miranda warning
Term
Elements of the Crime
Report Writing
Definition

Establish facts

Recognize if facts constitute a crime
Establish PC for the arrest
Read statute to make sure facts line up with elements
Term
Obtaining Descriptions
Report Writing
Definition

Two Methods:

Beginning at top of head and working down (A: specific, methodical; D: leading)
Allow witness to give description how they want (A: not leading; D: can be vague)
Term
PC Documentation
Report Writing
Definition

Show the reader, step by step how you came to form your belief and what actions you took.

Reports any observation, briefings by other LEOs, other info found/gathered, prior exp with suspect.
Explain legal basis for arrest/search and seizure.
Include everything used to make the decision; is compiled of what you knew at the time the decision was made.
Term
Miranda Documentation
Report Writing
Definition

Who - who received, who gave

What - the Miranda warning
Where - specific location
When - date and time
How - method, acknowledgement, method of waiver
Why - custody + interrogation = miranda
Term
Documenting Statement
Report Writing
Definition

Take notes and use quotes whenever possible.

Video/Audio record
Thorough and accurate documentation
Written/Signed statement
Important to disprove negative statements; almost as good as a confession
Term
Ethical Element
Report Writing
Definition

Purpose of any investigation is to find the truth; justice.

Everything is true, accurate and complete.
Do not change or edit for convenience
Avoid bias and prejudice
Seeks out the facts
What I saw, heard and did
Term
Other/Misc
Report Writing
Definition

Report should stand alone without any explanation

Statement of facts observed
Incomplete if requires added explanation
Should be clear and not open to interpretation
If you don't report it, it didn't happen
Term
Define Juvenile Offender
Definition
A person more than 10 but less than 18 who commits a felony or misdemeanor or alcohol, gambling or firearms violation
Term
Child in Need of Care
Definition
A person less than 18 who is: w/o adequate parental care, not solely due to financial means; w/o care/control necessary for all health; has been abused or residing in a home where someone <18 has been abused; illegal adoption; has been abandoned or w/ no known living parent; is not attending school; is less than 10 or otherwise would be a JO; is a runaway from home or 2nd time from placement; permanent custodian appointed left
Term
Abandoned Child
Definition

Desertion of a child w/o arranging for reasonable care and supervision

Expulsion from home w/o arranging for care or blatant refusal of custody
Term
Neglected Child
Definition

Not solely due to lack of financial means:

failure to provide food, etc; supervision; use resources to treat medical condition;
Term
Abuse
Juvenile Strategies
Definition

Physical: Non accidental or intentional action or inaction which results in bodily injury or which presents likelihood of death or bodily injury.

Emotional: Acts or omissions which impair a child's social, emotional or intellectual functioning or present likelihood of such impairment.
Sexual: Any contact or interaction with a child in which the child is being used for the sexual stimulation of anyone
Term
LE Responsibilities w/ Juvenile Matters
Definition

Confidentiality

Mandated Reporting
Investigational Duties
Term
Entering into NCIC
Juvenile Strategies
Definition

Missing person under 18 yoa entered immediately using appropriate categories (Disability, Endangered, Involuntary, Juvenile, Catastrophe Victim)

JO should be entered into NCIC under the conditions set forth by the NCIC Code Manual
Term
Truancy
Definition

Handled by SRS

Take to school, parents or other location designated by parents/school.
Make sure they have school, don't have abnormal school schedules, etc
Term
RUnaways
Definition

Are CINCs

PC the juvenile is a runaway
Entry found in NCIC or PC one exists
Reasons for runaway could include: Abuse, step parent problems, Freedom, Lack of structure
Term
Interviewing Children
Juvenile Strategies
Definition

Age Appropriate language

At eye level
Truthful, do not make promises
Have tools need (dolls, drawings, etc)
Separate from parents
Do not give up if not enough info for a case
Offer help and referrals
Term
Juvenile Offender
Definition

Commit the same crimes as adults: Violent Crimes (murder, robbery, rape, agg assault), Property Crimes (burglary, theft, motor vehicle theft, arson) and Others (simple assault, criminal damage to property, weapons violations, drug charges, DUI, liquor law violations, disorderly conduct, curfew, tobacco)

Children have the same constitutional rights as adults
Term
Needs of People
Juvenile Strategies
Definition

To be cared for or care for others

To belong to a group
To be recognized.
 
These needs are met by many groups, including gangs. It is important to prevent this behavior by getting involved rather than attempting to stop it once it has started
Term
Effects of Contact
Juvenile Strategies
Definition

Officer and the Department: bad contact reflects on the agency and all other officers of that agency (same is true with good contact)

Juvenile: could be greatest or worst moment in the child's life; will likely have lasting effects
Family: could be a passage or a barrier to future relations with that family
Community: suffers or reaps based upon contact between officers and juveniles
Term
Kansas Youth Services Agencies
Juvenile Strategies
Definition
State: JJA, JIA, SRS, Court Appointed Special Advocate, Child Death Review Board
Local: Teen Court, School Counselors, Multidisiplinary teams
Private: Mental Health Centers, Chemical Dependency Treatment Centers
Term
Police Protective Custody
Juvenile Custody
Definition

May take a child into custody when:

There is a court order
is a CINC
Continued placement would be harmful
Continued custody of parent/guardian would be harmful
Term
Juvenile Offender Custody (Arrest)
Definition

Offense in officer's view

Warrant or PC to believe one exists
PC of a felony
PC of a misdemeanor when the JO will not be apprehended or evidence lost/destroyed, JO may injure self, others or damage property, may be injured or PC to believe JO has violated electronic monitoring rules
Term
Taken where?
Juvenile Custody
Definition

An intake and assessement program

Court
Court services officer
Juvenile Detention facility
Youth residential facility as designated by courts
Term
How Old Are They?
Juvenile Custody
Definition

Juveniles are never confined with adults

If there is a question, must establish age
Do not take prisoner's word for age
Term
Age vs Size Considerations
Juvenile Custody
Definition

May be physically large but are likely emotional

May be smaller physically than their age would indicate
Subject to greater anxiety
Strength and agility may make them an escape risk
Should be transported separate from adults
Term
Fingerprints and Photographs
Juvenile Custody
Definition

F/P may: if authorized by a judge

F shall, P may: immediately upon taking J into custody
F/P shall: admission into Juvenile Correction Facility
P may: placed into a juvenile detention facility
Term
Typology of Rapists
(Four Types)
Definition

Power Reassurance Rapist

Power Assertive Rapist

Anger Retaliatory Rapist

Anger Excitation Rapist

Term

Power Reassurance Rapist

Method of Operation

Definition

Method of Operation

Pre-selects victims

Watches Victims

Victimes who are alone or with small children

Window Peeper or prowler

Own Neighborhood

May walk to scene of attack

Near or in victims home

Late evening/Early morning hours

Surprise approach.

Takes souvenir

May recontact victim

Cofindence builds with success

Keeps record of events

Term

Power Reassurance Rapist

Profile

Definition

Low self esteem

Under achiever

Has dominate mother

Non athletic

High school or lower education

Dates significantly younger females

Fatasizes about rape

premature ejaculation

white male

nocturnal

may have a record for nuisance sexual offenses

loner

menial job

older model care

 

Term

Power Assertive Rapist

Method of operation

Definition

meets victims in bars

use con approach

women his own age group

away from his neighborhood

rips or tears off victims clothing

may experience retarded ejaculation

mulitiple sexual assualts on same victim

or may commit muliple rapes in one night

can be excessive

Selfish

vaginal and or anal

profane, threatening and demanding

domineering and degrading

Term

Power Assertive Rapist

Profile

Definition

macho type

male-oriented job

marrie or divorced

sporadic attacks

self centered

flashy dresser

vehicle reflects self image

frequents singles bars

likely to have been arrest fro disturbances and resist arrest

Term

ANger Retaliatory Rapist

Method of operation

Definition

Excessive violence

Punish or degrade women

Spontaneious in nature and episodic patterns

anytime

blitz approach

victims may be symbolic

his age or older victims

drinking prior to assault

retarded ejaculation

Term

ANger Retaliatory Rapist

profile

Definition

explosive temper and personality

impulsive

married before

lone wolf (has social skills and can function in society prefers not to)

alcohol abuse problems

action oriented job

vehicle commensurate status

rents his home

Term

Anger Excitation Rapist

Method of operation

Definition

most violent

dominatioin and control

physical and emotional suffering

premeditatated

well thought out in detail

attck patter is impulsive

hard to catch

con approach

changes in demeanor

"like two different people"

selfish

brutal

victims kept for hours or days

likely to record to relive experience

Term

Anger Excitation rapist

Profile

Definition

white male

family man

two seperate lives

outdoorsman

gun and knife collection

reads detective magazines

no arrest record

college grad

above average intelligence

loves to drive

gets bored with the norm

fatasizes and then acts out

Do not have a female interview

Term
Myths and Stereotypes
Sexual Offenses
Definition

Resistance by the victim-a women is socialized against aggressiveness.

Reputation of the victim- number of sexual partners, types of sexual relatioships, provocative clothing, flirtatious behavior

High risk victims- strippers, prostitutes, young females drinking in a bar.
Low risk victims- stay at home mom, older women at home.
Emotionality of the victim-if raped should be hysterical.
Reporting-should immediatelly report
Reactions to Rape-reactions family, spouse, friends and others may have.
MYTH
Rape is about sex
Truth
Rape is about power, control and anger
Sex is not the motive
Sex is the weapon
Term
Reactions to Rape
Sexual Offenses
Definition
By anyone involved

Intuitive Reaction (anger/revenge, avoidance/silence, depression, sympathy, voyeurism)

Subjective Reaction (preconceived ideas about rape; only bad girls get raped, any woman can resist rape if so desired, a rapist is a sex starved maniac, most women ask for it, you can't thread a moving needle)
Term
Rape Trauma Syndrome
Sexual Offenses
Definition
Acute Phase - immediate impact reaction; Emotional or Controlled reactions
 
Outward Adjustment Phase - attempt to get some control back of life; may enact high risk behaviors, flashbacks, dreams, phobias, repress/suppress memories, interest in seeking help falls, depression/suicide, sleep/eating disturbances, reluctant to talk about
 
Resolution - integrates assault into life so it is no longer a daily focus
Term
Victimology
Sexual Offenses
Definition

Crisis impact related to three factors:

Suddenness, Arbitrariness, Unpredictability

 
Symptoms of Sexual Assault Crisis
Fear, Guilt, Anger
Term
Define Rape
Sexual Offenses
Definition

Sex w/o consent when overcome by fear/force, unconscious/powerless, incapable of giving consent due to mental issues or drugs/alcohol.

Sex w/ a child under 14 yoa
Consent is because of knowing misrepresentation of legal authority or medical importance by offender
Term
Sex Offender Registry
Sexual Offenses
Definition

Purpose is to track sex offenders in KS, assist LE in investigations, provide security to community

Register w/ sheriff w/in 3 days 
Term
Date Rape Drugs
Sexual Offenses
Definition
victim unaware of ingestion, delay in reporting due to effects of drugs, drugs metabolize quickly, memory impairment, lack of LE training
Most common are GHB and Rohypnol
Term
Crime Scene
Sexual Offenses
Definition
Areas where the assault occurred, body and clothing of victim, anywhere the victim was moved, the residence and/or vehicle of the suspect and the suspects body and clothing
Term
Medical Exam
Sexual Offenses
Definition

If possible, use facility w/ SANE/SART unit.

Exam includes:
Exam of the victim
Treatment
Completion of Sexual Assault Evidence Collection Kit
Provide facts to LEO discovered on contact
Provide Testimony
Submit kit as evidence
Seminal evidence can be collected w/in 96 hrs in body cavities and dried semen is forever
Term
SANE/SART
Sexual Offenses
Definition
Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner/Sexual Assault Response Team
Term
Victim Interview
Sexual Offenses
Definition

Remember:

The Goal of every rape victim is to survive the attack

and

the Need of every rape victim is to be believed

 
Express regret the victim was assaulted
Assure her the assault was not her fault
Assure the victim of her safety during the interview within reason
Allow the victim as much control as possible during the interview
Term
Involving the Victim
Sexual Offenses
Definition

Explain the procedures

Ask for her opinions during the interview
Explain why certain questions must be asked
Do not ask judgmental questions
Use terms the victim is familiar with
Determine the elements of the crime(s) that occurred
Term
Information to Inquire On
Sexual Offenses
Definition

Method of Approach (Con, Surprise, Blitz)

Behavior of the rapist (physical, verbal, sexual)
Forms of resistance (physical, verbal, passive)
Reaction of rapist to resistance (leaves, ignores, threatens, compromise, uses force)
How control was maintained; Level of force used
Sexual acts, sequence and repetitions
Sexual dysfunction
Steps taken to protect ID; facilitate escape
Property Loss
Term
Define and explain prejudice
Definition

attitude that comes about as a result of feelings, behaviors and beliefs.

 

A preconceived idea or preference, opinion or judgment without full knowledge or complete examination of the facts of a situation, thing or person.

Term
Federal hate Crime Statistics Acto of 1990
Definition

A criminal offense committed against a person or property which is motivated, in whole or in part, by the offender's bias against race, religion, gender, disability, ethnic orgin or sexual orientation.

1994 federal law increased the penalties for offenses proven to be hate crimes.

Term
What is stereotyping
Definition

a conventional, oversimplified opinion, conception or belif.

 

Term
Bias Crime Indicators
Definition

victim differs from a group other than the offender (racial, religious, ethnic, disability or sexual orientation)

Victim is a member of a group which is outnumbered by another group.

Victim is engaged in activities promoting their group

Incident occured on a holiday or particular date of significance

Victim is a member of an advocacy group that supports another victims gorup

 

Comments, written statements, gestures were made by the offender

Previous occurances

motive of offender

location of incident

no other common motives (robery or threat of robbery)

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