Which of the following conditions is characterized by a karyotype with 45 chromosomes?

A. Turner syndrome

B. Down syndrome

C. Testicular feminixation syndrome

D. Klinefelter syndrome

E. cri-du-chat 

Which of the following is NOT true concerning homologous chromosomes?

a. there two of each

b. each parent contributes one of each homologous pair

c. most homologous carry the same genes for the same triats

d. the number of homologous chromosomes is doubled in each generation

e. homologous chromosomes pair up during early meiosis  

The simplest nerve pathway

a. is located in the midbrain

b. is the reflex pathway

c. is found in the lower part of the brain

d. is found in the autonomic nervous system

e. is in the flow of information from a sense receptor to the brain 

In the course of evolution of existing primate groups, there has been a general decrease in

a. number of offspring produced by females

b. body size

c. life span

d. duration of infant dependency 

Cancer cells

 a. have altered plasma membranes

b. are unable to attach to other cells

c. divide to produce high densities of cells

d. have a different metabolism, using glycolysis even when oxygen is available

e. all of the above 

A collection of DNA fragments produced by restriction enzymes and incorporated into plasmids is called

a. copied DNA

b. transcribed DNA

c. DNA amplification

d. a DNA library

e. plasmid DNA 

Which of the following statements about restriction fragment length polymorphism is false?

a. RFLPs can be used as a genetic fingerpring

b. RFLPs are based upon variations in alleles at the same locus

c. RFLPs reflect the fact that molecular differences in alleles alter the site where restriction enzymes function

d. RFLPs can be used to distinguish between identical twins

e. RFLPs have greatly increased the number of sites involved in mapping the human genome 

A genetic abnormality that may result in sterile males with mental retardation or breast enlargement is

a. XXY

b. XYY

c. Turner syndrome

d. Down syndrome

e. XXX 

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) priimarily destroys which cells?

a. B

b. M

c. T1

d. Helper T

e. Suppressor T 

Which organism did Mendel use to work out the laws of segregation and independent assortment?

a. the fruit fly

b. Neurospora

c. the garden pea

d. the chicken

e. e coli

The probability of producing a child who suffers from cystic fibrosis by two parents who are carriers for the autosomal recessive disorder is

a. 50%

b. 0%

c. 100%

d. 25%

e. 75% 

When a cell undergoes mitosis,

a. the daugter cells have identical genes

b. the daughter cell has genes identical to those of the mother cell that produced it

c. the amount of cytoplasm in the mother cell and in each daughter cell is equal

d. there is an exact duplication and division of all of the organelles between daughter cells

e. the daughter cells have identical genes and these genes are identical to those of the mother cells that produced them 

Amniocentesis involves sampling

a. the fetus directly

b. the fetal cells floating in the amniotic fluid

c. sperm

d. blood cells

e. placental cells 

A color blind man and a woman with normal vision whose father was color blind have a son. Color blindness, in this case, is caused by an x-linded recessive gene. If only the male offspring are considered, the probability that their son is color blind is

a. 25%

b. 50%

c. 70%

d. 100%

e. none of these 

Familial hypercholesterolemia is a condition explable by

a. autosomal dominance

b. x linkage

c. autosomal recessiveness

d. translocation

e. chromosomal duplication 

When neuron is at rest

a. there is a voltage difference across the membrane of about -70 millivolts

b. the interior is negatively charged

c. it is not responding to a stimulus

d. the fluid outside the memberane has more sodium and less potassium than the cytoplasm

e. all of these   

All but which factor were important evolutionary adaptations in primates?

a. enhanced stereoscopic vision

b. upright position

c. an opposable thumb

d. the development of a restricted or specialized diet

e. brain expansion and elaboration 

Which of the following statements is false?

a. ovulation ocurs when the follice ruptures and releases an egg

b. cleavage is the division of the zygote 

c. fertilization occurs in the upper regions of the oviduct

d. the blastocyst implants in the endometrial lining of the uterus

e. Implantation occurs about 36 hours after fertalization   

In which of the following does the onset of symptoms usually occur after child bearing age?

a. tay-sachs

b. hemophilia

c. huntington's

d. muscular dystrophy

e. achondroplasia 

Which of the following statements is false?

a. the SRY gene is absent in all females

b. the SRY gene apparently is the gene that controls the development of the male sexuality

c. the development of maleness is by default because males lack 2 X chrromosomes

d. maleness developes in the embryo before femaleness

e. there is no difference in external genitalia of males or females until four weeks after conception when the genes determining sex begin to be expressed. 

A woman is diagnosed to have the genetic disease known as Huntingtons disorder. It is a rare defect caused by an autosomal dominant allele. The chance for any one of her children to inherit the disease is

a. depends on the sex of the child 

b. 1 out of 3

c. 1 out of 2

d. 3 out of 4   

What name is given to the opening that allows blood to flow from the right atrium directly into the left atrium of the fetal heart?

a. ductus arteriosus

b. formen ovale

c. vernix caseosa

d. ductus venosus

e. lanugo 

Which of the following has the highest blood pressure?

a. right ventricle

b. right atrium

c. left ventrical

d. left atrium

e. pulmonary circulation 

During human development, which if the following gives rise to the embryo?

a. trophoblast

b. amnion

c. inner cell mass

d. chorion

e. placenta 

Functionally speaking, a nerve impulse is

a. flow of electrons along the outside of the plasma memberane of the neuron

b. the movement of cytoplasmic elements through the core of the neuron

c. a series of changes in membrane potentials

d. a lengthening and shortening of the membrane extensions of an individual neuron

e. a change in the metabolic rate within a neuron 

For Medel's explanation of inheritance to be correct,

a. the genes for the triats he studied had to be located on the same chromosome

b. which gametes combine at fertilization had to be due to chance

c. genes could not be transmitted independently of each other

d. only diploid organisms would demonstrate inheritance patterns

e. none of these 

In cocker spaniels, black coats (B) is dominant over red (b), and solid color (S) is dominant over spottted (s). If two black solid dogs were crossed several times and the total offspring were eighteen black solid and five blakc spotted puppies, the genotypes of the parents would most likely be

a. Bb Ss x Bb Ss

b. Bb Ss x Bb SS

c. BB Ss x Bb Ss

d. BB Ssx Bb Ss

e. Bb ss x Bb SS 

Crossing over is one of the most important events in meiosis because

a. it produces new arrays of alleles on chromosomes

b. homologous chromosomes must be seperated into different daughter cells

c. the number of chromosomes allotted to each daughter cell must be halved

d. homologous chromatids must be separated into different daughter cells

e. all of these 

The first evidence of where the nerve cord will be in embryo is the

a. neural tube

b. chorionic villus

c. embryonic somite

d. primitive streak

e. neural plate 

Certain human cancer cells may demonstrate which of the following?

a. deletion

b. chrionic villus

c. embryonic somite

d. primitive streak

e. neural plate 

In the Rh disease

a. the mother must be positive and her fisrt and second child positive

b. the mother must be negative and her first and second children be positive

c. the mother must be negative and her first and second children be negative

d. the mother must be positive and her first and second child be negative

e. the mother and the father must both be negative and the child positive 

Males tend to be affected in greater numbers by X linked recessive gentic disorders than are females because

a. females have two dominant genes for the disorder

b. males have only one recessive gene for the disorder

c. males have a double dose of the gene

d. y chromosomes are not as strong as x chromosomes

e. females have two dominant genes for the disorder and males have only one recessive gene for the disorder 

The pulmonary circulation

a. involves the hepatic portal vein

b. moves oxygen-rich blood to the kidneys

c. includes the coronary artieries

d. leads to,through and from the lungs

e. all of these 

Antibodies are shaped like the letter

a. C

b. E

c. H

d. K

e. Y 

Gentically-enginnered organisms that carry some forign genes are said to be

a. mutated

b. restricted

c. transgenic

d. cloned

e. replicated

Hemophilia

a. is rare in the human population

b. is more common among men

c. was common in english royalty

d. in an X linked recessive trait

e. all of these 

Which event does NOT occur in the inflammatory response?

a. tissue swells because of outflow from capillary beds

b. blocling antibodies inactivate the resident mast cells

c. white blood cells are attracted to the area by chemotaxis

d. complement proteins help identify invading material

e. the foreign invaders are engulfed and destroyed by phagocytosis 

By analogy, a tumor suppressor gene would correspond to what part of an automobile?

a. accelerator

b. engine

c. windshield

d. fuel tank

e. brake

The use of RFLPs for "genetic fingerpringting" is based upon

a. the type of gel used in electrophoresis

b. identical alleles at loci

c. differences of locations where enzymes make their cuts

d. differences between blood and semen DNA

e. blonding of DNA to RNA 

Which cells are held in reserve to be used for a rapid resonse to a subsequent intruders of the same type?

a. helper t

b. suppressor t

c. cytotoxic t

d. memory

e. B 

It is thought that the earliest tools were employed by hominids to

a. assist in locomotion

b. provide protection

c. facilitate the processinf of food

d. ward off predators 

Which cells produce antibodies?

a. helper T

b. suppressor T

c. cytotoxic T

d. natural killer

e. B 

Blood from the body is first recieved by the heart in the

a. coronary vein

b. left atrium

c. right ventricle

d. right atrium

e. left ventricle 

White blood cells are derived from stem cells in the

a. spleen

b. thymus

c. bone marrow

d. blood

e. liver 

The female hormones that participate in milk production for the newborn are

a. prolactin and oxytocin

b. prolactin and estrogen

c. prolactin and progesterone

d. oxytocin and estrogen

e. oxytocin and progesterone 

Gene therapy

a. has not yet been used successfully with mammals

b. is a surgical techniquee that separates chromosomes that have failed to segregate properly  during meiosis II

c. has been used successfully to treat victims of Huntington's disorder by removing the dominant damaging autosomal allele and replacing it with a harmless one

d. offers the possibility of replacing defective alleles with normal ones

e. all of the above 

All of the following are white blood cells EXCEPT

a. monocytes

b. erythrocytes

c. neutrophils

d. eosinophils

e. macrophages 

Which of the following descriptions of Mendel is incorrect?

 a. he was simply lucky to work out the laws of genetics

b. he focused on contrasting phenotypic characteristics

c. he demonstrated that the blending theory of inheritance was wrong

d. he kept exact mathematical data and was the first scientist to utilize numerical analysis of results

e. he was a monk, a science teacher and a gardener 

During the process of swollowing the

a. esophagus is temorarily closed by the glottis

b. epiglottis closes the trachea leading to the lungs

c. pharynx restricts food entry to the esophagus

d. epiglottis seals the esophagus

none of these 

Ir R is dominant to r, the offspring of the cross of RR with rr will

a. be homozygous

b. display the same phenotype as the RR parent

c. display the same phenotype as the rr parent

d. have the same genotype as the RR parent

e. have the same genotype as the rr patent 

Which of the following is NOT involved in the formation of a blood clot?

a. plasma cells

b. fibrinogen

c. thrombin

d. fibrin

e. all of these are involved 

Which drug, if taken during pregnancy, results in infants without arms or legs?

a. tetracycline

b. thalidomide

c. streptomycin

d. salicylic acid

e. codeine 

If a child belonged to blood type O, he or she could NOT have been produced by which set of parents?

a. type A mother and type B father 

b. type A mother and type O father

c. type AB mother and type O father

d. type O mother and type O father

e. a and c coult not but both b and d could produce a type O child 

If a daughter expresses an X linked recessive gene, she inherited the trait from

a. her mother

b. her father

c. both parents

d. neither parent

e. her grandmother 

The operation of a synapse

a. results from the passage of an electrical charge across the gap

b. involves a transmitter substance from vesicles in the presynaptic neuron that acts upon a receptor site in the postsynaptic neuron

c. occurs only between two nerves

d. is limited onle by the action of acetylcholinesterase 

At an inhibitory synapse

a. no transmitter substances are released by the sending cell

b. a transmitter produces changes in the recieving cell that drive the membraine potential away from threshold

c. no transmitter substance can bind to receiving cell

d. a transmitter substance changes in the recieving cell that drive the membrain potential closer to threshold 

Which of the following organs of the digestive system is different from the other four because it does NOT procude any secretions that aid in digestive process?

a. stomach

b. liver

c. esophagus

d. pancreas

e. salivary gland 

Cancer cells are able to stimulate the growth of blood vessels by secreting

a. interleukin-2

b. p53

c. angiogenin

d. aflatoxin

e. monoclonal antibodies 

Men who are taller than average and show mild mental retardation may be disignated

a. XXY

b. XYY

c. turner syndrone

d. down syndrone

e. XXX 

Under the microscope, cancerous tumors

a. display well-differentiated cells

b. have ragged edges

c. appear highly organized

d. are normal cell size and appearence

e. all of these 

A vaccine may contain

a. killed pathogen

b. weakend pathogen

c. noninfective fragments of a pathoogen

d. full strength pathogen

e. any of these except full strength pathogen 

Which of the following would be ignored in most instances by lymphocytes?

a. cells coated with complement proteins

b. cells with antigens on their surface

c. self cells with MHC markers

d. cells with both antigen and self MHC markers

e. cells with damaged or mutant self MHC markers 

Of the following the greatest amount of nutrient absorption takes place in the

a. stomach

b. small intestine

c. colon

d. pancreas

e. esophagus 

A karyotype

a. compares one set of chromosomes to another

b. is a visual display of chromosomes arranged according to size

c. is a photograph of cells undergoing mitosis during anaphase

d. of a normal human cell shows 48 chromosomes

e.  cannot be used to identify individual chromosomes beyond the fact that two chromosomes are homologues 

With respect to chromosomes, the difference between normal human males and females is defined by which of the following?

a. in females, one X is deleted

b. females possess one X and one Y

c. in males and X is replaced by a Y

 d. females have three X's

e. males have two X's and a Y 

Nondisjunction involving the X chromosome may occur during oogenesis and produce two kinds of eggs. If mornal sperm fertilize these two types, which of the following pairs of genotypes are possible?

a. XX and XY

b. XXY and XO

c. XYY and XO

d. XYY and YO 

Stem cells

a. retain the ability to divide and give rise to groups of cells

b. are phagocytic

c. are the most common blood cells

d. transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

e. are more numerous in women than in men 

In the following list of developmental events, which occurs last?

a. tissue specialization

b. gamete formation

c. gastrulation

d. cleavage

e. organ formation 

Which of the following is NOT included in the lymphatic system?

a. tonsils

b. lymphoid nodules

c. thymus gland

d. liver

e. spleen 

The reason AIDs is so serious is that

a. the excessive immune reaction leads to death

b. it is so highly contagious

c. it is fatal

d. it is caused by a retrovirus

e. many natural reservoirs may spread the disease at any time 

All but which of the following are good barriers to invasion by microbes?

a. mucous membranes

b. eye secretions

c. broken skin

d. stomach juices

e. gut bacteria 

If a study of several pedigrees demonstrated that two parents are normal but their children express a trait, then the trait is controlled by a

a. codominant gene

b. simple dominant gene

c. recessive gene

d. sex linked gene

e. no conclusion can be drawn 

Mutant and cancerous cells are destroyed by which cells?

a. helper T

b. suppressor T

c. cytotoxic T

d. memory

e. B 

The fisrt known primates were charachterized as

a. aboreal and nocturnal

b. ground dwelling and nocturnal

c. aboreal and diurnal

d. ground dwelling and diurnal 

The geographical distribution of hominids changed dramatically about 2 million years ago due to the migrations of

a. autralopithecus robustus

b. austrolopithecus boisei

c. homo erectus

d. homo sapiens 

Which immunoglobulin is able to pass the placenta to protect the fetus from pathogens?

a. IgG

b. IgA

c. IgD

d. IgM

e. IgE 

The human genome project seeks to

a. identify the nucleotide sequence of all human genes

b. develop a complete DNA library for a human gene

c. develop genetic markers for all genetic diseases

d. catalog all the varieties of human alleles

e. identify all humans that possess genetic defects 

A human X linked gene is

a. found only in males

b. more frequently expressed in female

c. found on the Y chromosome

d. transmitted from father to son

e. found on the X chromosome 

In the evolution of the arboreal primates, which of the following features would NOT be an important evolutionary advancement?

a. opposable thumbs

b. enchanced daytime vision

c. elongated snout with well developed sense of smell

d. the ability to see color

e. a brain with a well developed ability to judge distances and with the ability to quickly compensate for misjudgments 

Concerning the sex chromosomes, which of the following is correct?

a. the Y chromosome carries a greater number of nonsecxual traits

b. X and Y are different in sice but carry nearly equal number of genes

c. the X chromosome carries more genes for nonsexual traits

d. the X chromosome carries only gender related genes

e. the X chromosome carries the TDF gene 

Individuals with the genotype Gg Hh Ii Jj will produce how many different kind of gametes?

a. 2

b. 4

c. 6

d. 8

e. 16 

Which feature is NOT characteristic of the evolutionary trends in primates?

a. longer life spans

b. longer gestation period

c. longer infant dependency

d. longer periods between pregnancies

e. larger litters 

If nodisfunction occurs during meiosis,

a. the resulting sex cells will be heterogametes

b. one-half of the resulting cells will exhibit trisomy and the other half monosomy

c. dipoid cells will be produced

d. all gametes would lack a chromosome and these gametes would be infertile 

The heart, muscles, bones,and blood develop primarily from

a. ectoderm

b. mesoderm

c. endoderm

d. the placenta

e. the gray crescent 

The average number of sperm that are deposited in the vagina during ejaculation is between

a. 150,000 and 350,000 

b. 1.5 and 3.5 million

c. 15 and 35 million

d. 150 and 350 million

e. 1.5 and 3.5 billion 

Which blood type is the universal donor?

a. A+

b. B

c. AB+

d. AB

e. O 

When an impulse passes from one neuron to the next, it

a. is passed directly from dendrite to axon

b. passes from axn to cell body

c. can bypass the cell body of both

d. passes from axon to denrite

e. undergoes repolerization 

Which of the following performs a chemical digestion simliar to that doen by pepsin?

a. aminopeptidase

b. carboxypeptidase

c. trypsin

d. gastrin

e. lecithin 

Which of the following are NOT generally Targets of T cells?

a. transplant of foreign tissue

b. cancer

c. infection caused by viruses

d. infection caused by bacteria

e. all of these 

An incompletely dominant gene controls the color of chickens so that BB produces black, Bb produces slate gray color called blue, and bb produces splashed white. A second gene controles comb shape, with the dominent gene R producing a rose comb and r producing a single comb. If a pure breeding black chicken with a rose comb is mated to a splashed white chicken with a single comb in the F2 generation, what fraction of the offspring will be black and singe comb?

a. 9/16

b. 3/8

c. 3/16

d. 1/8

e. 1/16 

Pattern baldness is a trait that is referred to as sex

a. linked

b. related

c. retarded

d. influenced

e. matched 

Organ transplants are safest between

a. two brothers

b. father ad daughter

c. fraternal twin

d. indentical twins

e. unrelated individuals 

Some dogs have erect ears, others have drooping ears. Some dogs bark wthen following scent, other are silent. Erect ears and barking are due to dominant alleles located on different chromosomes. If two dilhybrids are crossed

a. the most monnoc phenotype is dropping ears and barking

b. all droppy eared silent dogs are pure breeding

c. the least common phenotype is dropping ears and barking

d. there will be no phenotype or genotype that resemble the original parents

e. there will be offspring that resemble the F1 generation 

If all the offspring of the testcross are alike and resemble the organism being tested, then that parent is

 a. homozygous dominant

b. homozygous recessive

c. heterozygous

d. recessive

e. incompletely dominant 

Terms that describe the immune respone include all of the following EXCEPT

a. specific

b. rapid

c. memory

d. general

e. effective 

Which of the following designates a normal human female?

a. XXY

b. XY

c. XX

d. XYY

e. XO 

In down syndrome

a. as the age of the mother increases, the chance of the defect occuring in the unborn children increases

b. the father usually has less influence on the defect

c. most embryos abort before complete  term

d. a person with the defect cannot have a normal child

e. none of these 

Restriction enzymes

a. often produce staggered cuts in DNA that are useful in splicing genes

b. are like most enzymes in being very specific in their action

c. are natuarl defense mechanisms evolved in bacteria to gaurd against or counteract bacteriophages

d. are used along with ligase and plasmids to produce a DNA library.

e. all of these 

Suppose a hemophilic male (x linked recessive allele) and female carrier for the hemophilic trait have a nonhemophilic daughter with Turner syndrome. Nondisjunction could have occured in

a. both parents

b. neither parent

c. the father only

d. the mother only 

If you are blood type A

a. you carry antibodies for type B blood

b. you carry markers for type B blood

c. you can donatte bloot to a person with type O blood

d. you can recieve blood from a person with type AB blood

e. none of these 

High stomach acidity

a. crebohydrate digestionates ideal conditions for carbohydrate digestion

b. promotes emusification of fats

c. favors protein digestion

d. blocks the release of histamine, therby favoring production of peptic ulcers

e. converts lipases into thier active forms 

Which cell produces and secretes antibodies that set up bacterial invaders for subsequent destruction by macrophages?

a. phagocytes

b. macrophages

c. B cells

d. T cells

e. all of these 

The presense of which hormone in a mothers urine indicates that she is pregnant?

a. luteinizing hormone

b. follicle-stimulating hormone

c. chrionic gonadotropin

d. progesterone

e. estrogen 

Traits which are controlled by more then one gene are called

a. codominant

b. pleiotropic

c. polygenic

d. penetrant

e. independent 

Which of the following is an accurate characterization of a mutation?

a. an exchange of chromosomes between two chromosomes

b. the linkage of two unrelated chromosomes

c. a change in the nucleotides of DNA

d. the reassortment of chromosomes at meiosis

e. the shuffling of genes during gamete preparation 

The study of dentition tells the researchers what about an animal?

a. its diet

b. its lifestyle

c. its intelligence

d. its diet an lifestyle

e. its diet, lifestyle and intelligence 

An embryo with two X chromosomes will develope female characters because

a. the presence of female hormones in development

b. the absence of male hormones during early embryology

c. of the SRY regions of the X chromosomes

d. of maternal substances passed to the zygote during fertilization

e. of human chrionic gonadotropin 

An autosomal revessive disorder

a. requires that only on parent be carrier

b. displays ints symptoms only in heterozygotes

c. is more frequent in males than females

d. will appear only in children of parents who both carry the gene

e. is dominant in females 

The person who developed and demonstrated the first successfull vaccine was

a. Pasteur

b. Koch

c. Lister

d. Jenner

e. Erhlich 

The hormones that are dirrectly invloved with the process of birth are

a. estrogena and oxytocin

b. oxyocin and prostaglandins

 c. oxytocin and progesterone

d. prolactin and esrogen

e. prostaglandin and progesterone 

Primitive primates generally live

a. in tropical and subtropical forest canopies

b. in temperate savanna and grassland habitats

c. near rivers, lakes and streams in the East African Rift Valley

d. in caves with abundant supplies of insects

e. all of these 

When the body's defenses turn against its own cells, the disorder is called

a. an autoimmune respone

b. anaphylactic shock

c. acquired immune deficency syndrome

d. passive immunity

e. an inflammatory response 

Cancerous growths appear to grow faster than the tissues around them because

a. their mitosis rates are higher

b. they do not stop dividing whe crowding occurs

c. the cancer cells inhibit the reproduction of the surrounding normal cells

d. their mitosis rates are higher and they do not stop dividing even when crowding occurs

e. thir mitosis rates are higher, they do not stop dividing even when crowding occurs, and the cancer cells inhibit the reproduction of the surrounding normal cells 

If tall (D) is dominant to dwarf (d), and two homozygous varietes DD and dd are crossed, then what kind of offspring will be produced?

a. all intermediate forms

b. all tall

c. all dwarf

d. 1/2 tall and 1/2 dwarf

e. 3/4 tall and 1/4 dwarf 

Which of the following statements is false?

a. crossing over tends to reduce the frequency that two linked genes are inherited together

b. independent assortment of homologou chromosomes during meiosis increase variation

c. crossing over leads to variation

d. abnormal number or structure of chromosomes may influence the course of evolution

e. the closer together genes are found on a chromosome the greater is the chance that crossing over will occur between them 

The purpose of a vaccine is to

a. produce a mild case of the disease

b. stimulate the immune response

c. cause memory cells to be formed

d. stimulate the immune response and cause memory cells to be formed

e. produce a mild case of disease, stimulate the immune response and cause memory cells to form 

Symptoms of phenylketonuria (PKU) may be minimized or suppressed by a diet low in

a. serine

b. glycine

c. phenylalanine

d. proline

e. glutamic acid 

The lover is associated with all of the followinf functions EXCEPT

a. inactivation of drugs

b. assembly and storage of fats

c. assembly and disassembly of certain protiens

d. degradation of worm out blood cells

e. formation of glucagon 

DNA coding regions that affect the same trait are called

a. homologues 

b. alleles

c. autosomes

d. loci

e. gametes 

A condenced female X chromosome is called a

a. Barr Body

b. Morgan sphere

c. Sry gene

d. karyotype

e. linkage map 

Gene replacement therapy

a. has not yet been used successfully with mammals

b. is a surgical technique that separates chromosomes that have failed to segregate properly during meiosis II

c. has been used successfully to treat victims of Huntingtons disorder by removinf the dominant damaging autosomal allel and replacing it with a harmless one

d. substitutes defective alleles with normal ones

e. all of these 

The first disease for which a successful vaccination was developed was

a. the plague

b. smallpox

c. rabies

d. chicken pox

e. diphtheria 

The most recent technique for analyzing the genetics of the unborn child involves the sampling of

a. the fetus directly

b. cells in the amniotic fluid

c. material from the allantois

d. the chorionic villi

e. yolk sac material 

Viruses can cause cancer in a host cell by

a. disruping the plasma membrane

b. altering the DNA

c. slowing its metabolism

d. destroying the nucleus

e. removing gene sequences 

Recombinant DNA technology

a. uses bacteria to make copies of the desired product

b. splices DNAs together

c. is possible only between closely related species

d. use bacteria to make copies of the desired product and splice DNAs together

e. use bacteria to make copes of the desired product and splices DNAs together, but is possible only between closely related species