Leaves: alternate, simple, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, lustrous dark green above, lighter below and stained with resin

Buds: long pseudoterminal bud, pointed, resinous, sticky, aromatic

Bark: grayish with v-shaped crevices

Fruit: capsule borne on catkins

Habit: small-medium tree

Leaves: alternate, simple, oblong-lanceolate, taper to fine tip, incurved teeth, glands on petioles

Twigs: red with orange lenticels, pith brown

Buds: terminal bud small, long, blunt

Bark: smooth, reddish brown with orange lenticels

Fruit: bright red sour drupe

Leaves: alternate, simple, obovate to oblong-obovate, sharply finely serrate, petioles glandular

Twigs: greenish, becoming gray and then dark brown, pith is white

Buds: terminal long, conical, 2-toned, sharp-pointed

Bark: lenticels conspicuous but not horizontally elongated

Fruit: sour edible drupe

Habit: shrubs to large trees

Leaves: alternate, simple, lanceolate

Buds: terminal absent, lateral have a single bud scale

Fruit: capsule, produces many seeds with white hairs

Uses: bark contains salicylic acid used to make aspirin

Leaves: single on leading shoots, clusters of 10-20 on spur shoots, sessile, linear, deciduous

Buds: small, lustrous, red, globose

Reproductive Structure: seed cones, upright and persistent

Habitat: wet, open, poorly drained sites

Leaves: linear, sessile on peg, spirally arranged

Twigs: pubescent

Buds: outer scales hairy and project out beyond but tip

Reproductive Structure: seed cone, pendant, small and globose, persistent 20-30 years, margins toothed

Habitat: swamps and bogs

Habit: usually shrubby with several stems

Leaves: alternate, simple, doubly serrate, veins impressed above, project conspicuously below

Twigs: pith is triangular

Buds: valvate, stalked, terminal bud absent

Bark: many horizontal white lenticels

Fruit: woody conelike persistent catkin

Uses: nitrogen fixer

Habit: large tree

Leaves: linear, flat, small, petiolate on a peg

Bark: reddish brown or gray, inner bark purple

Reproductive Structure: seed cones, small and globose

Leaves: alternate, simple, solitary on long shoots, in pairs on short shoots, sharply doubly serrate

Twigs: wintergreen odor and taste

Buds: terminal bud absent, lateral buds pubescent

Bark: silvery yellowish gray, peels in strips

Fruit: samara and catkins

Leaves: alternate, simple, pinnately lobed

Twigs: lustrous

Buds: clustered at tip

Bark: grayish brown becoming darker with long, broad, flat ridges

Fruit: acorn, cup just encloses base

Habit: shrub

Leaves: opposite, simple, margins entire, cilliate, elliptic

Bark: shreddy, loose threadlike strands

Fruit: pairs of berries arising from leaf axils

Habit: large tree

Leaves: alternate, simple, oblong-ovate, acuminate, coarsely toothed, vein ending in each tooth, marcescent

Buds: cyllindrical, sharp-pointed, divergent from twig almost 90 degrees

Bark: smooth and gray

Fruit: nut in bristly husks that are persistent

Habit: historically a large tree, now only stump sprouts

Leaves: alternate, simple, oblong-lanceolate, parrallel veins end in sharp serrations

Twigs: purplish brown with many lenticels

Buds: no terminal bud, lateral buds ovate with prominent scales

Fruit: 1-3 nuts enclosed in bristly bur