Term
| fundamental unit of protein |
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Definition
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Term
| classification of amino acids |
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Definition
neutral: 1 amino 1 carboxyl
acidic: excess of carboxyl over amino
basic: excess of amino over carboxyl |
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Term
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Definition
| composed of amino acids linked into chains by peptide bonds |
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Term
| primary structure of protein |
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Definition
| sequence or order of amino acids along a polypeptide chain |
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Term
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Definition
| most proteins; soluble in water or in aqueous media containing salt |
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Term
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Definition
| unfolding of a protein; renders it nonfunctional because activity is dependent on proteins native shape; heating, detergents, or extreme pH; usually reversible |
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Term
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Definition
| polypeptide chain spontaneously refolds into its original conformation and regains its biological activity |
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Term
| structure of protein (2*,3*,4*) is maintained by _________ bonds formed between amino acid residues and amino acids residues and water |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| spatial arrangement of the protein backbone that is generated from the folding of the polypeptide chain; stabilized by hydrogen bonds |
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Definition
| describes the detailed features of the 3D conformation; brought about by interactions between amino acid side chains which cause folding and bending of alpha-helix and beta-sheet; hydrophilic (external surface) and hydrophobic (central core) side chains play role |
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Term
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Definition
| multiple polypeptide chains connected by noncovalent bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of charged molecules under the influence of an electric field |
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Term
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Definition
| agarose gel is used in separation of nondenatured proteins because low percentage gels (1% agarose) form sponge-like network that serves as medium for buffer but has large enough pores for even the largest proteins to pass |
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Term
| direction of travel of proteins |
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Definition
*in strong acid solution amino acids are negatively charged and migrate toward positive electrode
*in basic (alkaline) solutions carboxyls are positively and amino groups aren't ionized so they migrate toward negative electrode |
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Term
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Definition
pH at which an amino acid or protein does not migrate in an electric field
*neutral=6pH
*acidic=3pH
*basic=10pH |
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Term
| electrophoresis of proteins is usually performed at a pH ______ the isoelectric point of most proteins so they are ________ charged and will travel toward the ______ electrode |
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Definition
| above; negatively; positive |
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Term
| agarose gel is ran completely submerged in buffer in order to: |
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Definition
| keep the gel from heating and therefore denaturing the protein |
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Term
| migration of protein through agarose gel is dependent on: |
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Definition
| net electric charge on protein, intensity of the electric field, and pH and ionic strength of buffer |
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Term
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Definition
| contained in plant and animal tissues; integral part of electron transport system in the mitochondria; single polypeptide chain; basic; moves toward negative electrode |
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Term
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Definition
| binds and stores oxygen in muscle; moves toward positive electrode |
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Definition
| found in red blood cells; transports oxygen from lungs to tissues; migrate toward positive electrode |
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Term
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Definition
| found in blood plasma; transports smaller molecules in the blood; not colored-bromophenol blue is added; acidic--will migrate fastest |
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Term
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Definition
| cyanobactera- blue/green algae/bacteria; produce oxygen |
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Term
| molecular basis for the differences in the electrophoretic motilities of 4 proteins analyzed |
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Definition
| gain and loss of hydrogen ions. Cytochrome C gained H+ causing it to migrate toward negative electrode while all other proteins lost H+ causing them to migrate to positive electrode |
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Term
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Definition
| to extract specific proteins from cells and to determine their relative charge on the protein by electrophoresis |
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