Term
| What are the 2 mechanisms for regulating blood pressure? |
|
Definition
Short term- blood vessel dialation
Long term- blood volume |
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|
Term
| What is the function of the juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney? |
|
Definition
| Monitor alterations in blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| Renin leaves the kidney in which vesel? |
|
Definition
| Inferior vena cava to heart |
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|
Term
| What does renin bind to when it moves throught the blood stream? |
|
Definition
| Angiotensinogen plasma protein |
|
|
Term
| Renin and Angiotensinogen produce... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is Angiotensin I converted to II? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is ACE and what does it do? |
|
Definition
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme
catalyzes I to II |
|
|
Term
| Where does Angiotensinogen II go in the bloodstream? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What hromone does the adrenal gland release when Angiotensin II is there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the adrenal gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Angiotensin II do? |
|
Definition
| Constricts arteriole diameter, mercury 100 to 120 mmHg and increases blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| What is target organ for aldosterone and what is the function? |
|
Definition
Kidney
Promotes increased reabsorption of Na from Kidney tubules |
|
|
Term
| What is function of peritubular capillaries? |
|
Definition
| Absorb solutes and water from tubules |
|
|
Term
| What is movement of Alserstrone? |
|
Definition
Peritubular capillary
interstitial fluid
DCT |
|
|
Term
| When Na and water are reabsorbed, what happens to blood volume and pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the definition of osmolarity? |
|
Definition
| Total concentration of all solute particles in a solution |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 physiological events that cause incrfease in osmolarity? |
|
Definition
| Diarrhea, Increased urination, sweating |
|
|
Term
| What happens to blood volume and pressure with increased osmolarity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structure detects increased osmolarity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When hypothalamus detects high osmolarity, what is response? |
|
Definition
| Singnal posterior pituitary to release ADH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for ADH? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does ADH go and what does it do? |
|
Definition
Increases H2O absorption in kidney
Moves to DCT Increases H2O channels in DCT and CT
Osmolarity decreases
Pressure and volume increase |
|
|
Term
| Where is the thirst center? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which division of the autonomic nervous system reduces blood pressure and heart rate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does parasympathetic do to smooth muscle of blood vessels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which division of autonomic system increases blood pressure? |
|
Definition
| Sympathetic vasoconstriction |
|
|
Term
| What is hydrostatic pressure? |
|
Definition
| Pressure of fluid within a system or container |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 processes of urine formation? |
|
Definition
| filtration, reabsorption, secretion |
|
|
Term
| What is the driving force for filtration in glomerulus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does filtrate membrane keep out? |
|
Definition
| Blood and Protein particles from urine passageway |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 layers of filtration membrane? |
|
Definition
Finestrated glomerular endothelium
basement membrane
filtration slits formed by pedicels |
|
|
Term
| What 2 things limit passage of materials through filtration membrane? |
|
Definition
| size and electrical properties |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 substances in glomerular filtrate? |
|
Definition
Organic molecules-glucose and amino acids
Water
Nitrogenous waste-uric acid, urea, creatine,
ions-Na K Cl |
|
|
Term
| If filtrate membrane were damaged, what happens? |
|
Definition
Blood enters urine-hematuria
Protein enters-Proteinurea |
|
|
Term
| What influences hydrostatic pressure in glomerulus? |
|
Definition
| Diameter of afferent and efferent artioles 60mmHg |
|
|
Term
| What pressure opposes glomular hydrostatic pressure? |
|
Definition
Capsular hydrostatic pressure
Glomerular osmotic pressure |
|
|
Term
| What is pressure formula? |
|
Definition
| Hydrostatic - (Capsular hydrostatic + glomerular osmotic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| GFR is directly proportional to what pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is norm systolic pressure and normal GFR? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does autoregulation do? |
|
Definition
| Decreases diameter of afferent arteriole and decreases glomerular blood flow |
|
|
Term
| What is myogenic mechanism of GFR regulation? |
|
Definition
| Vascular smooth muscles contract when stretched , reducing blood flow |
|
|
Term
| What is tubular glomerular mechanism of GFR? |
|
Definition
| Secondary regulatory mechansim is the sensitiviey of the macula densa cells of JG apparatus to filtrate osmolarity and/or rate of filtrate flows in terminal portin of ascending loop of Henle |
|
|
Term
| What happens in high osmolarity? |
|
Definition
| GFR decreases, tubular filtrate slows, reabsorption of Na and Cl |
|
|
Term
| What happens when sympathetic override autoregulation? |
|
Definition
| constriction of all renal blood vessels |
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