·     How does the CTOPP address processing factors associated with SLI?

Phonological memory quotient PMQ -  from CTOPP measures the examinees ability to code information phonologically for temporary storage and working memory 

·         is an active process that allows limited information to be held in a temporary accessible state while cognitive processing occurs. 

hy might children with SLI have difficulty in verb morphology?

• The verb ending receive such little stress that it difficult for them to perceive. 
• Children with SLI may take an additional three years to achieve the same level of competence.  

·         How are the defining characteristics of LLD different from SLI?

          LLD                                            SLI

- a problem with                     -not caused by neuological,

the central nervous                  sensory, intellectual, or

system                                   emotional defect

- difficulties in listening           - affects grammar, vocab,

speaking, reading, writing,         discourse skills

reasoning, or mat h abilities       (morphemes are

                                                 most difficult

                                               -specific diagnosis 

                                              of language impairments

                                               (exclusionary)

·         What domain of language does figurative language fall within?  Why is figurative language challenging for school age children with language difficulties?

The domain of language - Semantics 

Because they may not be able to grasp the metalinguistic concept of figurative language. 

methaphor and assimile

metaphor - "you are a big"

assimile - "you are like a pig"

Why is t-unit analysis a better method than MLU for evaluating morphosyntax in school-age children?

There is less variabitity in MLU above 4.0, a value reached by the TD child at around age of 4. MLU increases with age.

T unit measures is more sensitive to the types of language differences seen after age 5.

What is arbitrary cut off scores?

Arbitrary - is typically used regardless of the language domain assessed although multiple language areas may be affected these children typically are not uniformly impaired across the language modalities. 

what is empirical cut off scores?

Empirical cut off- reflect the highest levels of sensitivity and specificity and provides diagnostic accuracy.

Why are empirical cutoff scores relevant in diagnosis?

    What is diagnostic utility?

gives us the ability to identify the disorder type and why they have the problem they have

Clinical - what should we be doing in therapy, what should we do to prioritize treatment goals and objectives 

      What is the difference between clinical and diagnostic utility?

Can use standardized assessments in diagnostic utility but you can't use the assesments to developing treatment objectives

Define ethical dilemma

An ethical dilemma is defined as a situation that requires a choice between options that are or seem to be equally unfavorable or mutually exclusive.

v  Reprimand 

v  Censure 

v  Revocation 

this ruling is determined based on a minor ethical violation, confidential

this ruling is published in the ASHA Leader indicating the name of the individual, the city & state of residence, & the Principles & Rules violated. This ruling can be shared with the state licensure board.

  What is Revocation?

this ruling is for a significant violation of the COE. Membership & certification can be revoked for years – life. The decision is published in

              the ASHA Leader. This ruling can be shared with the state licensure board.

·         How is mentoring different from mutual mentoring?

Mentoring has a hierarchical relationship where there is a mentor who is giving knowledge and then there is a mentee who is receiving the information

Mutual mentoring- is where both parties are teaching each other and learning from each other. 

·         What are motivational interviewing techniques?

• It is asking the parents opened ended questions,
• asking permission if you talk about a client's specific behavior 
• allowing the conversation to have a positive outlook related to the problem
• there is reflective listening 

·         Difference between reliability and validity

Reliability = results are replicable and consistent

Validity = a test measures what it claims to measure

  Difference between norm-referenced test and criterion-referenced test

   Why is the standard error of measure important?

Accounts for the variability involved in evaluating human performance.

·         What is the mean standard score?

Decontextualized:

• using mental cognitive facility
• how to map this on to a client 
• Metalyinguisitic
• no perceptual aid in decontextualized

Contextualized:

• bring everything (6 months) 
• highly ego centered
• tangible

·         What higher order language do you need for decontextualized activities?

A SPICE PIE

analyze

synthesize

predict

interpret

compare

evaluate

persuade

infer

explain

Decontextualized - no perceptual info is available to clients

Contextualized - object is right in front of you. You can physically see it. Tangible.

Clauses are what?

Clauses are the second part of a sentence. 

birds such as falcons, hawks, owls, and vultures are called birds of prey because they eat other birds and small animals. 

is an example of what kind of clause?

DDT was sprayed on crops to kill the insects that ate them.

adjectival clause 

different types of vocabulary: general academic words, abstract words, technical or domain specific wordsand content words which are all examples of content words.

Because it is defined as the relationship between contents and grammatical words.