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| Occurred after the Peloponnesian War, which left Athens defeated and the victors Thebes and Sparta in control. Soon, an external threat invaded at the battle of Chaeronea in 338 BCE, leaving Macedonia in charge of Greece. This period is characterized by reign of Alexander the Great. |
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Name: Aphrodite of Knidos
Artist: Praxiteles
Significance: goddess retains supernatural beauty and takes on worldly sensualness; first time a goddess was represented as completely nude; she is engaged in the trivial, common act of bathing; not openly erotic - her hand guards her pubic area |
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Name: Hermes and the infant Dionysos
Location: Temple of Hera at Olympia
Artist: Praxiteles
Significance: Hermes leans on a tree trunk, interacting with environment; his body is slender and has a slight "s" curve; he teases Dionysos with grapes; soft features are more realistic than Doryphoros |
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Name: Grave stele of a young hunter
Artist: unknown, resembles Skopas' work
Significance: exhibits psychological tension for which Skopas was famous; clear distinction between living and dead; dead warrior looks directly at viewer, inviting sympathy |
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Name: Apoxyomenos (scraper)
Artist: Lysippos
Significance: introduction of new canon of proportions where bodies are more slender and head is smaller; possesses a nervous energy as he's about to shift his weight; right arm is extended, making the statue more 3D and encouraging viewers to see it from other angles |
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Name: Weary Herakles
Artist: Lysippos
Significance: Herakles holds a golden apple behind his back; Herakles is heavily muscled, but leans against a tree for support (ironic) |
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Name: Head of Alexander the Great
Location: Pella, Greece
Significance: thought to be modeled off Lysippos' version (lost); features thick hair, deep-set eyes, parted lips, and a turned upwards face |
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Name: Stag hunt
Artist: Gnosis
Location: Pella, Greece
Significance: pebble mosaic; emblema (central framed panel) shows a stag hunt; bordered by intricate floral pattern; has subtle shading; contour lines define muscles |
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Name: Hades abducting Persephone
Significance: wall painting; shown in 3/4 view; use of short, dark brushstrokes to shade |
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Name: Battle of Issus (Alexander Mosaic)
Artist: Philoxenos
Significance: tesserae (cut glass/stone) mosaic; shows terror of Persian King Darius and determination of a young Alexander the Great; a rearing horse is shown in 3/4 view; shading is advanced; one soldier's face can be seen only in his shield's reflection; intense scene |
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Name: Theater at Epidauros
Architect: Polykleitos the Younger
Significance: features an orchestra (stage), theatron (seats), cavea (auditorium), and skene (changing room) |
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Name: Tholos at Delphi
Architect: Theodoros
Significance: exterior of Doric columns; Corinthian capitals; circular shaped shrine |
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Name: Choragic Monument of Lysikrates
Significance: earliest instance of Corinthian capitals; has a tripod on top; meant to celebrate victory of Lysikrates in a theatrical contest |
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