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| Andre Breton declares mexico "surrealist country par excellance" although there is no surrealist movement there. |
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| JTG - Unisveral art not bound by local traditions with a major link to history. Grids (constructivist) with pictographs (universal). Fusion of ancient art and modernism. |
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| Geometric Abstraction in Mexico |
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| Geometric art - simultaneously modern and references pre-hispanic imagery. |
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| International Style in Brazil and Mexico |
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| rejects academic/european/"frenchification" architectural influence that took place under porfirio diaz. Santa Cruz House, Brasilia, Ministry of Education, Rivera-Kahlo House, housing projects for working classes. |
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| Concrete and Neo-Concrete |
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| Dominated 2 decades of brazilian art. in concrete art, abstractionism must be free of any symbolical association with reality, lines and colors are concrete by themselves. Emphasized craftsmanship and skill. Neo-concrete was the deformalization of rules. Neo-concrete rejects the notion of art as a commerical object, favors art experienced through the senses with active participation. Spectator to art -> passive to active. |
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| from the late 60's onward, rise of politically committed art in S.A. following militaristic take overs in many countries. Manifested in a variety of genres and mediums, some better disguising the meaning to avoid persecution. |
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| a syncretic religion of West African and Caribbean origin. characterizes deviant Catholic forms of worshiping saints, Roman Catholic slave owners observed Africans celebrating a Saint's Day, they were generally unaware that the slaves were actually worshiping their sacred orishas (dieties). |
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| Inscapes/Psychological Morphologies |
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| Branch of surrealist painting that attempt to portray the physical appearance of psychological states. |
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| a votive offering to a saint or divinity. It is given in fulfillment of a vow. important creative source for Frida Kahlo, who owned many. |
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| JTG - introducing art and modernism to Uruguay. In S.A. "our north is the south" Reversal of cardinal hierarchy, infuses Uruguayan/South American art with cultural identity. Intended to draw on pre hispanic indigenous legacy, and produce decolonized art. |
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| 1943. First succesful S.A. arts and crafts workshop, established by JTG in Uruguay. Sought to broaden the definition of art to include ceramics, stained glass, wrought iron, textiless, "crafts". Art must not be an illusion separate from life. Revival of medieval guilds/workshops. No minor/superior art, anti-hierarchical. |
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| swiss-french artist/architecht/designer. pioneer of international/modern style. slogans: ornament is a crime, truth to materials, form follows function, machines for living. |
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| the principle that architects should design a building based on the purpose of that building. |
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| A beam supported on only one end, a prominent feature of international architecture in Latin American (rivero-kahlo house). |
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| Attempts to integrate pre-hispanic imagery and themes into murals and architectural decoration. resistance to internationalization. |
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| "Animals" (in portugese, male) hinged metal sculptires. hinges = spinal cord and parts fuctionally related to one another. Animal moves and creates participation with the viewer. No right or wrong side. |
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| The unquestioned heart and soul of Rio. rooted in african dance and percussion, fused with more intricate european music. Carnaval, samba schools, Black Orpheus. |
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| Like capes worn by samba dancers (colors from samba schools), made out of materials commonly found in construction of shanties, made to be worn, moved and danced in. Featured sections that were like banners. Some made for specific individuals. |
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| Employed by Helio Oiticica. Requires active participation by spectator. Fusion of art and audience, behavioral freedom, and total sensory experience. |
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| A journalist who was highly critical of the Brazilian Government. He was arrested and died during his incarceration. The government reported that he had committed suicide, but general consensus is that he was tortured to death/murdered. |
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| A country that is politically unstable, dependent on limited agriculture, ruled by a small self-elected, wealthy and corrupt clique. Prone to Revolutions and Coups. |
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| Argentine born revolutionary. Played a large role in the communist take over in Cuba. An icon of the revolutionary spirit. |
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| the new capital city of Brazil, built from the ground up, the most audacious urban project of the 20th century. Built 600 miles into the interior of Brazil, on a plateau with no view. Represented a new progressive, dynamic brazil. equidistant from all other capitals in latin america. |
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