Term
| What is the basis for the concept of government and law from a socio-political point of view? |
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Definition
| Our society: people give up a small amount of freedom in exchange for amenities and other such things. The notion of law and boundaries is an existential level and is bound within us. |
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Term
| How many levels of government do we have in Canada? |
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Definition
| Three: municipal, provincial, federal. |
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Term
| What is the role of local government in Canada and what is the focus of its services? |
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Definition
| Local government actions are relevant for economic development forming a list of official functions such as land-use planning, power, and sewage treatment, etc. |
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Term
| How many city-region exist in Canada and how many of them are one tire and two tire? |
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Definition
| 23. 11 singe-tier and 12 two-tier. |
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Term
| Name the kinds of structural/hierarchical classifications for municipal government and explain in one line the difference. |
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Definition
| Single tier and two-tier. A single-tier municipality is responsible for all local-government functions within its territory that are not assigned to designated local special-purpose bodies, and two-tier regions divide responsibilities between an upper tier and a lower tier. |
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Term
| How many boroughs and reconstituted cities exist in Montreal? |
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Definition
| 19 boroughs and 15 reconstituted cities |
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Term
| What are the two types of institutions which comprise local government? |
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Definition
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Term
| The capacity of local government to use legal authorities in relation to a particular function to bring about a desired policy objective is related to two factors. What they are? |
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Definition
| The territory covered by the local government and the degree of autonomy it has in relation to other institutions with which it must work. |
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Term
In relation to municipal politics, what does the term “disentanglement” means? And what
motivates it? Is it good or bad? Explain. What is the solution? |
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Definition
many Canadian local political leaders want to detach, or disentangle, themselves from involvement with wide range of provincial government program and policies.
Good, because it gives local governments more autonomy. |
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Term
| What are the definitions efficiency and effectiveness in relation to running a municipality? |
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Definition
Efficiency has to do with limiting waste, with making maximum use of available
resources, and Effectiveness has to do with achieving objectives. The more an
organization is successful in reaching its objectives, the more effective. |
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Term
| Define what comprehensive government means in general? And how does it applies in the specific reference to local government |
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Definition
| the extent to which the central single-tier or upper-tier municipality encompasses the overall population of the relevant city-region. |
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Term
| Mention the arguments for having small or large municipal government |
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Definition
| Large gov’ts often end up in bureaucratic messes due to their size and inefficiency? |
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Term
| List 5 functional responsibilities of Canadian local (municipal) governments |
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Definition
| -Regulating taxis, maintaining parks, wastewater treatment, garbage collection, recycling. |
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Term
| Name the four administrative bodies which form the municipal government in Montreal |
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Definition
| Executive committee, city council, agglomeration council, borough councils |
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Term
| How many officials exist and what is their distribution in the agglomeration council and what is their voting ratio? |
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Definition
| 31, and montreal mayors/councillors have 87%, mayors of reconstituted cities have 13%. |
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Term
| Mention five specific municipal responsibilities of the agglomeration council |
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Definition
| police, fire, drinking water, wastewater, roads, municipal court |
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Term
| Mention five specific municipal responsibilities of the boroughs in Montreal |
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Definition
| urban planning, waste collection, culture, recreation, parks, roads, housing |
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Term
| Mention four of Montreal Boroughs and four of the reconstituted cities |
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Definition
Boroughs- Montreal-Nord, Outremont, Saint-Laurent, Ville-Marie, Verdun
RCs- Beaconsfield, DDO, Mont Royal, Westmount, Dorval |
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Term
Within the perspective of “The relevance of Regulation” article, government regulation of
economic activities through Land use regulation, what is the categorical difference between property law and zoning law in relation to the way each deals with private property and the issue of nuisance? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain in no more than two line for each, one argument pro and comprehensive zoning and in small municipalities its refutation as it is explained in the case of Euclid and Ambler |
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Definition
Bettman argued that the public welfare that was promoted by zoning was the enhancement of the community's property values.
Baker said it was impossible for planners to understand the complex natural process of community development to the degree necessary justify regulation. |
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Term
Government regulation of land use and the markets cannot operate together.
Yes/No + Why? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does a real-estate acquire value? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two mechanism which a government resorts to in order to protect the public against the externalities of the market? |
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Definition
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Term
| In one line define the spillover effect of the market and indicate what effect(s) it has? |
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Definition
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Term
Growth control is:
(1) Crude mechanism to deal with the perceive negative spillovers of urban growth
(2) Healthy mechanism to reign the greed of the market
(3) A result of not understanding the ecological consequences of growth
(4) Means to freeze development by suspicious/skeptical environmentalists
(5) All of the above |
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Definition
| (2) Healthy mechanism to reign the greed of the market |
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Term
Urban growth causes
1. Traffic congestion
2. Crime and natural disasters
3. Air pollution and environmental degradation
4. Provision of jobs and overall prosperity
5. All of the above |
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Definition
| 3. Air pollution and environmental degradation |
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Term
Answer by yes or no and justify your answer (why?) in no more than one line
1. Regulations/intervention hurts economies and society,
2. Market and environmental protection cannot be harmonious
3. Life, community, and earth cannot be left to the vicious market.
4. Market and environmental protection can go hand in hand |
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Definition
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Term
The impact of urban growth is:
(1) Local and temporal
(2) Cumulative
(3) Far reaching
(4) Complex
(5) All of the above |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the criticism directed to the concept of ’Think Globally, Act Locally’ and what is the alternative the article proposes. |
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Definition
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Term
Mention three effects of over-regulation of land use:
(1) curtailing land supply
(2) raising housing costs
(3) slowing the economy
(4) price inflation
(5) improving environmental condition
(6) social segregation
(7) unemployment |
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Definition
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Term
Land use regulation is favorable by:
(1) Real-estate developers
(2) Privileged middle class suburban population
(3) The Poor in inner cities
(4) Urban planners
(5) By no one
(6) All of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Mention four of the common justification of deregulation of land development.
(1) Creating jobs
(2) Deceasing housing costs
(3) Strengthening the tax base
(4) Promoting urban and economic growth
(5) Responding to market forces of supply and demand
(6) Enhancing environmental protection
(7) Decreasing urban sprawl
(8) All of the above
(9) Non of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Cities operate like “growth machines” because
(1) Urban growth is built-into civic culture
(2) Culture often stands against nature
(3) Governments benefit from economic investment
(4) Growth assist local governments catering to the needs of civic population
(5) All of the above
(6) Non of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Quality of life and economic well-being are polar opposites because of
(1) The necessary effect economic externalities on the public
(2) The consumptive nature of our human existence
(3) Assumed conflict of interests between the private interest of developers and public
interests
(4) Growth has always negative side-effects (Damage is the price of maintaining a healthy economy)
(5) All of the above
(6) Non of the above |
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Definition
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Term
The link between local land-use development and jobs is the following:
(1) Often creation” of jobs as a result of land use growth enforced by the influx of new jobseekers and/or the costs of the local incentives
(2) Localities with rapid development experience lower rates of unemployment than
localities that grow more slowly.
(3) Communities with the highest rates of population change, whether growing or shrinking, have the worst economies.
(4) The strongest economies exist in localities that are libertarian.
(5) All of the above
(6) Non of the above |
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Definition
| (3) Communities with the highest rates of population change, whether growing or shrinking, have the worst economies. |
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Term
Which of the following statement concerning growth benefit to cities is correct
(1) Growth tends to generate costs that exceed increases in local revenues
(2) Often, the cost of public amenities which service growth are less than the municipal
revenue from growth itself.
(3) Rich residents pay more in property taxes than the poor which halts growth
(4) Projects offer no real solution to local unemployment because skill needed are not local or because growth attracts more people to move into the community and use local resources.
(5) All of the above
(6) Non of the above |
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Definition
| (1) Growth tends to generate costs that exceed increases in local revenues |
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Term
| What are the characteristics which define the best business climate in a locality? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mention two reasons for why the efforts to lure land use development does not pay off at all because |
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Definition
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Term
| Mention two reasons for why the local governments’ efforts to attract projects are usually ineffective. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the common measures which a local government uses to attract businesses: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the definitions efficiency and effectiveness in relation to running a municipality? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Indicate which of the following statements is wrong:
Growth control is:
(6) Crude mechanism to deal with the perceive negative spillovers of urban growth
(7) Healthy mechanism to reign the greed of the market
A result of not understanding the ecological consequences of growth
(9) Means to freeze development by suspicious/skeptical environmentalists
(10) All of the above |
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Definition
| (9) Means to freeze development by suspicious/skeptical environmentalists |
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Term
| What are the negative results of municipal incentives for urban growth? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 3 main assumptions of the “growth machine theory”? Compare them with those of “regime theory.” |
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Definition
...?
Urban “regime theory” takes local government institutions as sufficiently important and complex to force elite accommodation with at least some other types of actors. |
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Term
| Who invented the neighbourhood unit? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which model project triggered the change in English street design? |
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Definition
| Bedford Park, designed by Jonathan T Cart |
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Term
| How did Bedford Park change English Street design? |
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Definition
The Bedford Park street layout challenged the by-law street and inspired designers to reject straight vistas, barren width, and uniformity which were authoritative
prescriptions. |
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Term
| What was the reason behind developing cul-de-sacs and other kinds of segregated streets in Hampstead Garden? |
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Definition
They are designed to discourage traffic and keep it on
the main thoroughfares”. |
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Term
| Why were suburbs initially developed? |
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Definition
| As an alternative for industrial workers living in the dirty city. |
|
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Term
| What was the push behind major road improvements in the early 20th century? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the idea behind the neighbourhood unit? |
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Definition
| His aim was to define a fractional urban unit that would be self-sufficient yet related to the whole. |
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Term
| Name 5 recommendations of 1932 National Conference of Mayors. |
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Definition
– To pass state enabling acts granting city planning powers to municipalities
– To give priority to housing
– To follow the Neighborhood Unit principles in designing residential areas
– To adopt a set of subdivision regulations to control the design of new areas
– To adopt comprehensive zoning plans for cities, urban regions, towns and counties
– To develop comprehensive mass transportation plans
– To preserve and develop open space systems in residential neighbourhoods |
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Term
| What are the 3 elements that define aesthetics? |
|
Definition
1. Fear of falling property values and
2. unwelcome social groups
3. But there remains a real, and increasing, concern for environmental quality. |
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