Term
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Definition
Six Sigma is a philosophy and approach of process improvement based on reduction of process variation to consistently meet and exceed customer requirements. |
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Term
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Definition
Sigma is a measure of how well a product, service, or process performs in relation to customer requirements. The higher the sigma level, the more robust product, service, or process performance. |
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Term
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Definition
Sigma is a statistical concept that represents how much variation there is in a process relative to customer specification. |
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Term
Why use Six Sigma as a metric? |
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Definition
1. Six Sigma is a more sensitive indicator than percentage.
2. Common metric makes comparisons easier. |
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Term
What is the importance of reducing variation? |
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Definition
Less variation provides:
- Greater predictability
- Less waste and rework
- Products & services that perform better and last longer
- Happier customers |
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Term
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Definition
| A defect is anything that does not meet a customer's requirements. |
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Term
What are the 3 key methodologies for Six Sigma? |
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Definition
1. Process Management
2. Improvement Management
3. Design Management |
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Term
What are the 6 pillars of process management? |
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Definition
1. Voice of the Customer (VOC)
2. Process
3. Measurement
4. Roles & Responsibilities
5. Process Review
6. Linking & Leveraging |
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Term
What equation is the model for Six Sigma? |
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Definition
Y = ƒ (x1, x2, x3,...)
Y represents the output.
X represents the causes. |
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Term
What are the defects per million opportunities (DPMO)? |
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Definition
DPMO Sigma
308,537 2
66,807 3
6,210 4
233 5
3.4 6 |
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Term
What is Six Sigma's role in the organization? |
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Definition
| Six Sigma's role is to help management produce the maximum value, while using minimum resources. It applies scientific principles to processes and products. |
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Term
What is Design for Six Sigma (DFSS)? |
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Definition
| DFSS methods are used when no process or product exists or if existing processes or products are deemed beyond repair. |
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Term
What are the steps for Design for Six Sigma (DFSS)? |
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Definition
1. Define project
2. Evaluate Requirements
3. Select concept
4. Generate design
5. Implement design |
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Term
What are the variables needed to determine Sigma performance? |
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Definition
1. Sigma - an expression of process yield
2. Unit - the item produced or processed
3. Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) - customer's specifications
4. Defect - any event that doesn't meet a customer specification.
5. Defect Opportunity - a measurable chance for a defect to occur.
6. Defective - a unit with one or more defects. |
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Term
What is the Six Sigma project selection criteria? |
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Definition
Sigma projects will likely have greater success if:
- the problem is related to a key business issue.
- the problem is linked to a clearly defined process.
- you can identify the customers of the output.
- you can clearly identify the defect.
- you can demonstrate how improvements could enhance financial performance.
- the project has senior management support.
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Term
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Definition
A charter is an agreement between management and the project team about what is expected.
It typically contains:
- Problem Statement
- Scope
- Schedule
- Deliverables
- Measures
- Resources |
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Term
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Definition
A control limit defines the bounds of common cause variation in the process. |
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Term
What is a Special Cause variation? |
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Definition
| A Special Cause is something different happening at a certain time or place. Common cause is always present to some degree in the process. |
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Term
What are 3 strategies for understanding the common cause variation? |
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Definition
1. Stratification
2. Disaggregation
3. Experimentation |
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Term
What is an operational definition? |
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Definition
| An operational definition is a precise description that tells how to get a value for a characteristic trying to be measured. Describes your way of measuring that characteristic or feature. Removes abiguity. |
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Term
What is a Gage R&R study? |
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Definition
A Gage R&R study is a set of trials conducted to assess the Repeatability and Reproducibility of a continuous measurement system.
Repeatability is how accurate a person was when they took the same measurement.
Reproducibility is how close the different people came on their measures of the same item.
It takes one person to repeat, it takes 2 people to reproduce. |
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Term
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Definition
| Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) allows an assessment of the risk to customers if a key process input were to fail. FMEA also helps to determine what actions to take to minimize this risk. |
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Term
What is the "Voice of the Customer" (VOC)? |
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Definition
| Voice of the Customer (VOC) is used to describe customer's needs and their perceptions of your product or service. |
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Term
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Definition
- Helps determine what products & services to offer.
- Identifies critical features
- Helps determine where to focus improvements.
- Serves as a baseline of customer satisfaction to measure against.
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