Term
| What is a foreign animal disease? |
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Definition
| a disease predominantly foreign to Canada |
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Term
| What are reportable animal diseases? |
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Definition
Diseases which must be reported by law
-significant economic, trade, food security impact & can easily spread and become an epidemic |
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Term
True or False
All reportable diseases are FADs |
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Definition
False
All FADs are reportable, but not vice versa. E.g. rabies is reportable but not foreign! |
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Term
| What governing body would oversee the response to an incidence of an FAD in Canada? |
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Definition
| Canadian Food Inspection Agency |
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Term
| What is done to protect Canada from serious diseases? |
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Definition
-FADs must be reported
-do not allow import of susceptible animals/products from infected countries
-travellers must report going to a farm while abroad |
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Term
| Why are FADs and reportable animal diseases so serious? |
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Definition
Globalization
-more trade, faster trade,
-facilitated travel
Conflict & civil unrest
-some countries have difficulty enforcing quarantines
Consumerism & industrialization
-restructuring if agricultural systems
e.g. swine raised indoors in Canada
Economy
-can destroy a country's economy |
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Term
| What are the agent & hosts of Foot-and-Mouth Disease? |
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Definition
Agent: apthovirus
Host: multi-species - cloven-foted mammals e.g. sheep, pigs, cattle, deer |
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Term
| What is the #1 reportable animal disease worldwide? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| very rarely, will be a mild form |
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Term
True or False
Horses are resistant to FMD |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the epidemiology of FMD in different species |
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Definition
-affect cloven footed mammals
-pigs are the mots potent excretors of the airborne virus
-cattle most susceptible to airborne virus
-sheep can be asymptomatic carriers |
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Term
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Definition
Directly: contact with infected animals
-skin lesions, urine, feces, inhalation
Indirect: fomites, hay, vehicles
Airborne: can travel long distances
Humans & fomites |
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Term
True or False
FMD can survive on a fomite for up to 3 months |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of FMD? |
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Definition
-acutely high fever
-blisters in mouth, coronet bands, udder
-salivating
-lameness
-loss of appetite, decrease milk prod. |
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Term
| Can an animal recover from FMD? |
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Definition
| Yes, many do but the suffering during the viral infection is so great that euthanasia is the more humane option |
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Term
| How can FMD be prevented? |
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Definition
Biosecurity
-isolate new animals
-purchase semen, feed, bedding from known sources
Humans
-clean clothing
-stay off farm min. 14 days after visiting an infected country |
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Term
| What is the treatment for FMD? |
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Definition
there is none
also very resistant to disinfectants |
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Term
| What would happen if an outbreakof FMD were to occur in Canada? |
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Definition
-humane destruction of all infected & exposed animals
-tracing to ID locations of potentially infected/exposed animals
-quarantine & restricted movements
-zoning to define infected & 'safe' areas |
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Term
| What are some of the major concerns for the canadian agricultural industry if an outbreak of a foreign animal disease were to occur? |
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Definition
-shut down of exports
-restricting farm-farm movement may impinge on welfare (overcrowding)
-rapid spread
-disposal of carcasses
-economy
-human health issues (mental) |
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