Term
| What is classical strain development dependent on? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 systems used to produce recombinant biopharmaceuticals and list in order of usage percentage in terms of manufactuering from highest to lowest? of the three systems which one was first utilized in biopharmaceutical production and which of the three systems requires the least amount of to produce usable levels of protein |
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Definition
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Term
| why are microbes used to manufacture recombinant proteins |
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Definition
speed of introduction of heterologous gene, level of gene expression (reduces purification costs), industrial expertise
* containment of gmos
* speed of host engineering
* microbial diversity
* wealth of genomic genetic data |
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Term
| product and process volume as well as product value is____ |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 4 factors that drive markets for industrial biotechnology |
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Definition
economic - societal, reduced environmental impacts
rate yield productivity purity
importance of inexpensive substrates, growht media design |
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Term
| process development and ___ are essential to obtain a competitive commercial product |
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Definition
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Term
| list 4 types of biocatalysts used in commercial biomanufacturing? why are these considered "green" biocatalysts? briefly explain the impact of the ability to patent isolated DNA sequences on development of each type of biocatalyst |
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Definition
1. whole cells
2. immobilized cells
3. synthetic cells
4. invitro transltion system s
low environmental impact, reduced capital operating costs for manufacturing,
chiral drugs must have high enatiomeric purity |
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Term
| list 4 advantages and disadvantages of biocatalysis versus chemical catalysts |
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Definition
1. stereo and regio selective
2. low temperatures required
3. low energy consumption
4. active at pH 2-12
1. unstable at high temps and extreme pHs
* expensive
cause alaergies
inhibited by some metal ions |
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Term
| what two processes are combined as a type of biocatalyst? what is an example of an in vitro translation system? |
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Definition
1. whole cells
2. immobilized cells
3. synthetic cells
4. in vitro translation systems
5. partially purified, purified enzymes
6.CLECs
7. combined chemosynthesis + biosynthesis processes
acellular protein synthesis |
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Term
| Industrial biocatalysts are engineering for ____, ____, and _____ |
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Definition
| activity, efficiency, stability |
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Term
| Where are useful cultures/genes found for novel enzymes? |
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Definition
International (public) culture collections
private culture collections
black market
global environmental samples
extreme environmental niches |
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Term
| compare/contrast traditional and metageneome/bioprospecting screening strategies |
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Definition
traditional appoaches
* discover new microbes, enzymes, pathways by screening bias, growth selection, sample from new environments
* alter growht optima by pH temperature, salt tolerance
* screening the metagenome by PCR vs laboratory cultivable organisms to find new enzymes with novel properties
* directed enzyme evolution engineering + other strategies |
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Term
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Definition
| selective reactivity of one functional group in the presence of others |
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Term
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Definition
| a single reactant forms an unequal mixture of stereoisomers |
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Term
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Definition
| the preference of one direction of chemical bond making or breaking over all other possible directions |
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Term
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Definition
| one of 2 stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other that are non superposable |
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