Term
| The nearly-neutral theory |
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Definition
Most mutations are neutral
Some mutations are mildly deleterious
Some mutations are extremely deleterious |
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Term
| Why don’t taxa with shorter generation times evolve faster? |
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Definition
Taxa with short generation times tend to have large populations (next slide)
Large populations evolve more slowly per generation (mildly deleterious mutations do not increase in frequency) |
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Term
Rate of replacement substitution
Rate of silent substitution |
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Definition
KR
KS
Under the neutral theory, expect KR << KS |
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Term
Amount of replacement polymorphism
Amount of silent polymorphism |
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Definition
PolR
PolS
Under the neutral theory, expect PolR << PolS |
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Term
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Definition
Choose a locus and determine the DNA sequence of one allele in each of two taxa
Score the number of DNA substitution differences between the two alleles
Determine which substitutions result in amino acid substitutions
Calculate rate of substitution for silent and replacement sites |
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Term
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Definition
Lysins in abalone
Bindin in sea urchins
Self-incompatibility proteins in plants
MHC proteins in humans
Immunoglobulins in humans |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell surface protein on influenza virus |
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Term
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Definition
| Compares amount of polymorphism versus substitution for silent and replacement sites |
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Term
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Definition
| no (few) beneficial mutations have been substituted |
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Term
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Definition
| some beneficial mutations have been substituted |
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