Term
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What is the difference between comprehensive and selective primary health care (PHC)?
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Definition
Comprehensive PHC focuses on addressing the underlying social, economic, and political causes of poor health. Can do more good for more BUT don't have enough money to dothis, too big of a project
while selective PHC is an "interim" startegy to C-PHC, it focuses on a limited number of strategies to achive most gains in health status for least cost. (e.g. GOBI).
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Term
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Definition
Four vertical programs targeted at childgren thorugh age 5 and females of childbearing age (15-45):
- growht monitoring
- oral rehydration therapy
- breastfeeding
- immunization |
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Term
| What are the 5 major types of health interventions? |
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Definition
Primary prevention: Intervention occurring before disease onset in order to prevent exposures to risk of disease and reduce risk factors
Early detection (screening): Use of tests & examinations to detect disease or illness before its too late, usually takes place ar early stages of the disease process
Clinical treatment: medical treatment administered post detection
Rehabilition: Services and treatments aimed to return an indivdiual after an illness/injury to full or partial functional capacity.
Palliation: Treatment directed at relief of the symptoms produced by a disease, when the actual disease can't be cured
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Term
| Which intervention type reduces the incidence of disese |
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Definition
| Only primary prevntion can (by workint to prevent things that would lead to disease) |
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Term
What is the difference between active & passive primary prevention? |
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Definition
Active prevention requires individuals to act
while
Passive Prevention does not require individual action |
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Term
| Wht are examples of active prevention? |
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Definition
| putting on your seatbelt, eating healthy food, brushing your teet, exercsing |
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Term
| what are examples of passive prevention? |
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Definition
| policies that ban smoking in publi places, fluoridation in water supply, NYC banning hydrogenated oils, airbags in cars that activate upon impact |
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Term
| Why does incidence increase when early detection is used? |
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Definition
| The actual number of people having disease doesn't acutlly go up, but with early detection they can tell who has the disease which they might not have known earlier (by testing) |
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Term
| What is the upstream-downstream model of intervention? |
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Definition
A metaphor for prevention vs. treatment. A range of treatments/inverntions
upstream: approaches that address the structure around a person-environmental, social, political, and/or economic barriers to, and structures that support good health
downstream: medical treatment
midstream: primary revention |
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Term
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Does the U.S., overall, focus on upstream, midstream, or downsteam.
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Definition
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downstream
Regardless of new efforts to develop more holistic and population-level approaches to health, the US still tends to focus more downstream on treatment and prevention. If we are going to address prevention, we need to know how people make health-related decisions.
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Term
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What is the difference between “high risk strategies” versus “population strategies”? |
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Definition
PS (upstream) attempt to shift distribution of risk factor in the pop. as a whole, despite risk behavior of idnviduals. Upstream
while
HRS is slective, individual-based and avoids interference with those not at special risk. Downstream |
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Term
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Which approach is better to pursue? “High risk strategies” orBoth are need. “population strategies”? |
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Definition
Population strategies are cheaper to enact than high risk strategies, but may be more costly in the long run!
Its chepear to get the overal pop. to reduce fate consumption rather than to prescribe cholesterol-lowering drugs to indivdiuals w/ very hih plasma cholesterol values. But through PS we never prevent death, just postpne it.
HRS: population does not benefit much but indvidiual does.
PS: Population as a whole benefits but many indviduals may be unduly affected or unaffected
humanitarian vs. econmic arguements. |
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Term
| What is the "prevention paradox"? |
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Definition
| The parado that, a preventive measure that brings largebenefits to the community may afford little benefits to each participatign individual. Buelieve that your helping everyone when in reality not everyone is being helped. (and some may actually suffer harm). |
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Term
What is the difference between health-directed versus health-related behaviors? |
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Definition
Health-Directed behavior is the, conscious behavior with to improve helath which does indeed improve health.
while
Helath-Related behavior is the unconscious behavior pursued for non-health purposes that ends up having positive helath consequences. |
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Term
| What are examples of health-directed behaviors? |
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Definition
| making sure to eat low-fat foods to lower cholestero, makign sure to exercise to rpevent diabetes, making sure to brush teeth to prevent gengivitis |
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Term
| What are examples of health-related behaviors? |
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Definition
Losing weight to look good --> spillover health efffects e.g. lower risk of diabetes
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Term
What would McKeown think about comprehensive v. selective PHC? |
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Definition
| McKeown liked selective PHC |
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