Term
| PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) |
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Definition
part of innate immunity
located on pathogens
recognized by PRRs (pattern recognition receptors)
combos of sugras, proteins, lipid-bearing molecules and some nucleic acid motifs |
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Term
| what can activate the complement system? |
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Definition
molecules that recognize PAMPs (innate)
antibodies binding to foreign antigens (adaptive) |
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Term
| activated macrophages secrete? |
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Definition
| IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha; which induce and support inflammatory responses. |
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Term
| What are the steps to neutrophil extravasation? |
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Definition
1) rolling
2) activation by chemoattractant stimulus
3) arrest and adhesion
4) transendothelial migration |
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Term
| What are human defensins? |
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Definition
cationic peptides
29-35 aa residues in length
six invariant cysteins that form 2-3 disulfide bonds
kill a wide variety of bacteria:
Stpah aureus
strep pneumoniae
E cloi
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
hemophilus influenzae |
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Term
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Definition
neutrophils
paneth cells (intestines)
epithelial cells (pancrease and kidney) |
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Term
| Name 7 receptors of the innate immune system. |
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Definition
1)Complement (bloodstream, tissue fluids)
2)Mannose-binding lectin (MBL - bloodstream, tissue fluids)
3) CRP - (bloodstream, tissue fluids)
4) LPS receptor; LPS-binding protein
5) Toll-like receptors (cell surface or internal compartments)
6) NOD family receptors (intracellular)
7) Scavenger receptors (SRs) |
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Term
| What is the target and effect of Complement? |
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Definition
Target: Microbial cell wall components
Effect: complement activation, opsonization, lysis |
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Term
| What is the target and effect of Mannose-binding lectin (MBL)? |
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Definition
Target: Mannose-containing microbial CHOs, (cell walls)
Effect: Comoplement activation, opsonization |
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Term
| What is the target and effect of CRP? |
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Definition
Target: Phosphatidylcholine, pneumococcal polysaccharide (microbial membrane)
Effect: Complement activation, opsonization |
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Term
| What is the target and effect of LPS receptor? |
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Definition
Target: Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (gram- bacterial cell walls)
effect: delivery to cell membrane |
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Term
| What is the target and effect of Toll-like receptors? |
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Definition
Target: microbial componenets not found in hosts
Effect: Induces innate responses |
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Term
| What is the target and effect of NOD receptors? |
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Definition
Target: bacterial cell wall componenets
Effect: induces innate responses |
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Term
| What is the target and effect of Scavenger receptors (SRs)? |
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Definition
Target: many targets; gram+ and gram- bacteria, apoptotic host cells
effect: induces phagocytosis or endocytosis |
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Term
| What are Toll-like Receptors? (TLRs) |
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Definition
membrane spanning proteins that share a common structural element in their extracellular region
repeating segments of 24-29aa containing Leucine-Rich Repeats (LRRs)
contain several LRRs, and a subset of LRRs make up the extracellular ligand binding region of the receptor. |
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Term
| What is the intracellular domain of the TLR called? |
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Definition
TIR - Toll/IL-1 receptor
have 3 regions |
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Term
| What is the ligand for TLR4? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the target microbe for TLR4? |
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Definition
| Gram- bacteria and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) |
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Term
| What is the function of a neutrophil? |
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Definition
1) phagocytosis
2) reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
3) antimicrobial peptidese |
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Term
| What is the function of macrophages? |
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Definition
1) phagocytosis
2) inflammatory mediators
3) antigen presentation
4) reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
5) cytokines
6) complement proteins |
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Term
| What is the function of dendritic cells? |
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Definition
1) antigen presentation
2) costimulatory signals
3) reactive oxygen species
4) Interferon
5) Cytokines |
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Term
| What is the function of natural killer cells? |
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Definition
1) lysis of viral-infected cells
2) interferon
3) macrophage activation |
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Term
| What 2 immunoregulatory cytokines do NK cells produce? |
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Definition
Interferon-gamma
TNF-alpha
these 2 cytokines can stimulate maturation of DCs and coordinate innate and adaptive immunity |
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