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ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN POISONS COMPLEX I |
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ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN POISONS COMPLEX II |
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ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN POISONS COMPLEX III |
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ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN POISONS COMPLEX IV |
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ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN POISONS COMPLEX V |
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ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN CHEMICAL UNCOUPLERS |
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PLACES WHERE AMININO ACIDS FEED IN AND OUT OF THE TCA CYCLE PYRUVATE |
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PLACES WHERE AMININO ACIDS FEED IN AND OUT OF THE TCA CYCLE ACETYL COA |
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Definition
PHE, ISO, THR, TYR, LYS, LEU |
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PLACES WHERE AMININO ACIDS FEED IN AND OUT OF THE TCA CYCLE ALPHA- KETOGLUTERATE |
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PLACES WHERE AMININO ACIDS FEED IN AND OUT OF THE TCA CYCLE SUCCINYL COA |
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PLACES WHERE AMININO ACIDS FEED IN AND OUT OF THE TCA CYCLE FUMERATE |
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PLACES WHERE AMININO ACIDS FEED IN AND OUT OF THE TCA CYCLE OXALOACETATE |
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ASPARTIC ACID GLUTAMIC ACID |
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AMINO ACIDS THAT MAKE DISULFIDE BONDS |
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AMINO ACIDS WITH O-BONDS: |
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AMINO ACIDS WITH N-BONDS EXTRA NH2 |
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PHENYLALANINE TYROSINE TRPTOPHAN |
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GLUCOGENIC & KETOGENIC AMINO ACIDS: |
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Definition
PHE ISOLEUCINE THREONINE TRYPTOPHAN |
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Definition
HIS(HISTIDINE) ARG(ARGINIE) GLU(GLTAMIC ACID) ASP(ASPARTIC ACID) GLN(GLUTAMINE) ASN(ASPARAGINE) TYR(TYROSINE) CYS(CYSTEINE) PRO(PROLINE) MET(METHIOINE) VAL(VALINE) ALA(ALANINE) GLY(GLYCINE) |
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Definition
PVT TIM HALL PHE VAL THR TRP ISO MET HIS ARG LEU LYS |
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IF THERE IS A DEFICIENCY IN PHE WHAT BECOMES ESSENTIAL |
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Definition
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IF THERE IS A DEFICIENCY IN METHIONINE THEN WHAT BECOMES ESSENTIAL |
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RESTRICTION ENZYME CUT TO THE RIGHT OF TRYPSIN |
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Definition
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RESTRICTION ENZYME CUT TO THE RIGHT OF CHYMOTRYPSIN |
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Definition
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RESTRICTION ENZYME CUT TO THE RIGHT OF ELASTASE |
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Definition
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RESTRICTION ENZYME CUT TO THE RIGHT OF MERCAPTOETHANOL |
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Definition
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RESTRICTION ENZYME CUT TO THE RIGHT OF AMINPEPTIDASE |
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RESTRICTION ENZYME CUT TO THE RIGHT OF CARBOXYPEPTIDASE |
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Definition
LEFT OF CARBOXYL TERMINUS |
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RESTRICTION ENZYME CUT TO THE RIGHT OF CYANOBROMIDE |
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Definition
SYMPATHETIC, CATABOLIC, CRH |
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Definition
PARASYMPATHETIC, ANABOLIC |
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Definition
SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION BY HORMONE AND NEUROTRANSMITTERS ALL HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES (EXCEPT CRH) |
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Definition
SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION BY DISTENSION |
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INSULIN AND ALL GROWTH FACTORS |
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RESTRICTION ENZYME TRYPSIN |
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LEFT OF CARBOXYL TERMINUS |
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CUTS TO THE RIGHT OF ARG LYS |
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CUTS TO THE RIGHT OF PHE TYR TRP |
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CUTS TO THE RIGHT OF GLY SER ALA |
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Definition
RESTRICTION ENZYME CUTS TO THE RIGHT OF MET CYS |
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Definition
CUTS TO THE RIGHT OF AMINO TERMINUS |
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Definition
CUTS TO THE LEFT OF CARBOXYL TERMINUS |
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2ND MESSENGER SYMPATHETIC, CATABOLIC, CRH |
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Definition
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SMOOTH MUSSCLE CONTRACTION BY HORM./NT ALL HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES (EXCEPT CRH) |
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SMOOTH MUSCLE COTRACTION BY DISTENSION |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
NITRATES, VIAGRA, ANP,LPS |
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Definition
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Term
CO-FACTORS FOR PYRUVATE DH ALPHA-KETOGLUTERATE DH BRANCHED CHAIN DH |
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Definition
TLC FOR NANNA-PLANF-VIT B1-5 TPP (THIAMINE(B1) LIPOIC ACID (B4) COA PANTOTHENIC ACID (B5) FAD (RIBOFLAVIN)(B2) NAD - NIACIN (B3) |
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Common with all Amino Acids? |
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Definition
They all have : Amino and Acid |
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Define: Dissociate, Soluble, Bioavaiable |
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Definition
Dissocciation: giving up H+ Soluble: charged Bioavailable: uncharged |
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Anode - Pole Anions go to Cathod - Pole Cations go to |
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Definition
Isoelectric point means there is no net charge |
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Term
What does ketogenic mean? |
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Definition
Made to or broken down to AcCoA ( |
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For each of the following give the Amino/Imino Acid. Smallest aa |
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Which amino acids are used to make cystein? |
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Definition
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Term
Four Hormones with Disulfide bonds. |
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Definition
Prolactin Insulin GH Inhibib |
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Term
Newborn screening disease |
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Definition
PKU CAH Biotinidase Growth Hormone Hypothyroidism Galactosemia Sickle cell |
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Definition
Phenylalanine Hydroxylase |
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Term
Signs and Symptoms of PKU |
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Definition
Musky Odor MR Fair Skin Blue Eyes Blonde Hair |
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Amino Acids Deficient in PKU |
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Definition
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Term
What Substances Build up? |
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Definition
Phenyl pyruvate Phenyl Acetate |
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Definition
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What products have aspartame |
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Definition
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Definition
Nephron Transport Protein |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
Cystein Ornathine Lysine Arginine COLA |
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What crystals are seen in Cystein Urea |
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Definition
Coffin Lid Envelope Shaped |
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Definition
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What determines amino acid primary structure |
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Definition
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What is the primary factor to determine tertiary structure of protein? |
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Definition
Hydrophobic-Hydrophilic interactions |
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Term
What are the three characteristic of peptide bonds? |
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Definition
planar-flat limited rotation trans configuration |
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Term
What is characteristic of amino acid quarternary structure? |
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Definition
Allosterism (Co-operativity) |
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Term
For Enzymes define Km, and Vmax |
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Definition
Km=Potency Vmax=efficacy Km= 1/2 Vmax Km=1/Affinity |
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Term
From what are pophyrin rings made? |
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Definition
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Rate limiting enzymes in heme synthesis? |
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Definition
Delta-Amiolevulonic acid D-ALA |
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Term
What are the structures of Hb A, A2, and F? |
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Definition
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Term
In What percentage does each exist in the body? |
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Definition
A- 98% A2-<2% F-child <6 months |
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Enzymes inhibited by lead in heme synthesis |
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Definition
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What enzymes adds iron to porphyrin rings? |
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Definition
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Number of Heme sites in 1g Heme |
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Definition
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Grams of iron in 1 unit of blood |
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Definition
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Term
Acute intermittent porphyria |
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Definition
recurrent, severe, acute abdominal pain and neuropathis |
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Term
Clues for porphyria cutania tarda |
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Definition
blisters with light onset >5yrs |
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Definition
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What is the defect in all thalasemias? |
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Definition
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Define Thalassemia minor/major |
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Definition
Minor- 1 gene left Major- no genes |
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Active - symptomatic not active- Asymptomatic Hb Bart- Beta Tetramer |
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Definition
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(+/-) SxS Ok until 4-6 months |
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Definition
Always symptomatic Transfused dependent Only Hb A2 and F Cooley's anemia |
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Definition
Big Skull Hepatomegaly Big Sternum Big Pelvis |
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Term
9 causes of right shift of oxygen-Hb curve? |
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Definition
Hypoxia Increased Lactic acid Increase 2,3 DPG Increase H Increase temperature Increase Altitude Increase Exercise Decrease PH Increase PCO2 |
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Term
Release from the muscle cells during Rhabdomyolysis? |
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Definition
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Definition
Competitive Inhibitor Binds 200x stronger than oxygen SaO2 is High PO2 is low |
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Definition
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Non-competitive Inhibitor PO2 is normal SaO2 is low |
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Definition
Sodium Nitroprusside used in Hypertensive Crisis |
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Term
Treatment for CN poisoning |
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Definition
Amylnitrate- Fe2+->Fe3+ Thiosulfate->Thiocyanate Methylene Blue Fe3+->Fe2+ |
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Term
Treatment for Methemoglobulinemia |
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Definition
Methylene Blue Ascorbic Acid |
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Term
What causes primary methemoglobinemia? |
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Definition
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What causes secondary Methemoglobinemia? |
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Definition
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What is the PO2 and SaO2 for Methemoglobinemia? |
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Definition
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Effect of acid hydrolysis on protein? |
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Definition
Denatures proteins changes ASN ->ASP Change Glutamate to Aspartic Acid and Glutamic acid |
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Term
How does gel electrophoresis work? |
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Definition
Separates by size Separates by charge |
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Trypsin cuts to the right of |
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Definition
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Definition
Phenylalanine Threonine Tryptophan |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
(Carboxy terminal ) B only that cuts to the left Mercaptoethanol (dissoloves disulfide bonds) |
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Definition
I- S - Skin II - C- Connective Tissue III- A - Arteries IV- B- Basement membrane |
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Term
What protein is defective in Marfans? |
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Definition
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Definition
Wingspan>Height Arachnodactyly Lense dislocates from the bottom |
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Definition
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How does Homocystein work? |
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Definition
INH lysine hydroxylase and therefore INH collagen synthesis |
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Clues for Homocysteinuria |
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Definition
Dislocates lense from the top |
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Term
What is the defect in scurvey? |
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Definition
Vit C is needed to hydroxylase Lys and Proline in Collagen Synthesis |
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Definition
Gingival Bleeding Perifolicular Heamorrahge |
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Term
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Definition
Obliterative endarteritis Tree barking Shooting lacinating pain |
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Term
Clues for congenital syphilis |
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Definition
anterior bowing of legs snuffles Huthinson teeth |
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Term
Defect in Minky Kinky hair disease? |
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Definition
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Clues for Minky Kinky hair disease? |
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Definition
Hair cuts face Hair looks like copper |
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Term
Differentiate OI from abuse |
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Definition
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Term
In what population do you get Takayasu disease? |
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Definition
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Definition
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What is the only protein modified in the ER? |
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Definition
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What are the amino acids found in Collagen? |
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Definition
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What Vitamin in needed for Collagen Synthesis? |
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Definition
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What other mineral is required for Collagen> |
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Definition
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Term
What two A A are hydroxylated in Collagen? |
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Definition
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Term
How do all proteins begin? |
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Definition
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Term
In what form is Collagen secreted? What happens after secretion? |
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Definition
Collagen is secreted from the GOLGI as Tropocollagen and a Cytoplasmic peptidase cleaves off OH |
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Term
Where do each of the following guide a protein? |
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Definition
Pre-ER Pro- Golgi Man-6-phos- Lysosomes Short amino terminus sequence - mitochondria |
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Term
Diff b/t elastin and collagen? |
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Definition
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Term
What gives Elastin elasticity? |
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Definition
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Term
Enzyme that breaks down Elastin? |
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Definition
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Term
2 bacteria with Elastase? |
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Definition
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What provides Tensile Strength? |
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Definition
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Kinds of bond in Keratin? |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
FADH2->Complex II NADH->Complex I |
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Term
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Definition
Stop electron transport Stop heat generation |
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Term
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Definition
Stop electron transport, but Heat generation continues |
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Term
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Definition
I:Amytal- Rotonone II: Malonate III:Actinomycin D IV:CN, CO, Chloramphenocol V:Oligomycin |
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Definition
DNP:Dinitophenol ASA:ASpirin FFA |
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Definition
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Term
Types of sugars and AA in humans? |
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Definition
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Term
Why does the body phosphorylate things? |
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Definition
To keep them in the cells |
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Term
What are the regulatory enzymes in Glycolysis? |
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Definition
Hexokinase PFK1 Pyruvate Kinase |
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Term
Glucokinase is found where? |
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Definition
Liver and Pancreas after a meal |
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Term
Hexokinase is found where? |
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Definition
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Term
7 not requiring insulin to take up glucose |
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Definition
B:Brain R:RBC I: Interstine C:Cornea K:Kidney L:Liver E:Exercising Muscle |
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Term
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Definition
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Alpha KG Dehydrogense Branched chain AA DH |
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Term
List the B vitamins and names |
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Definition
B1:Thiamine B2:Riboflavin B3:Niacin B4:Lipoic Acid B5:Pantothenic Acid B6:Pryladoxamine B9:Folate B12:Cyanocobalamine |
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Term
List Co-factors for B Vitamins |
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Definition
B1-TPP B2-FAD B3-NAD B4-LIPOIC ACID B5- COA |
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Term
LIST DEFICIENCIES IN VITAMINS |
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Definition
A-NIGHT BLINDNESS B1-BERI BERI B2-ANGULAR CHIELOSIS B3-PALLAGRA B4-NONE B5-NONE B6-NEUROPATHY B7-BIOTIN DEF, CARBOXYLATION PROBS B9-MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA B12-MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA/WITH NEUROPATHY C-SCURVY D-OSTEOMALACIA/RICKETS E-BLOOD PROBLEMS K-BLEEDING DISORDER |
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Definition
4 D'S DERMATITIS DEMENTIA DIARRHOEA DEATH |
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Term
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Definition
HARTNUP DISEASE AMINO ACID TRANSPORT DEFFICIENCY IN KIDNEY |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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WHAT CAN NOT BE TRANSPORTED IN HARTNUP DISEASE |
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Definition
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Definition
LACTIC ACID ALANINE OAA ACETYL COA ETHANOL |
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Term
ENZYMES FOR FIVE FATES OF PYRUVATE |
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Definition
LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE ALANINE TRANSFERASE-ALT PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE ETHANOL DEHYDROGENASE |
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Term
VIRAL VS ETHANOL HEPATITIS |
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Definition
VIRAL 1:1 AST/ALT ALCOHOLIC>2 AST/ALT |
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Term
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Definition
AST IN CYTO AND MITOCHONDRIA ALT ONLY IN THE CYTOPLASM VIRUSES->MEMBRANE->1:1 ETHANOL->ALSO MITOCHONDRIA->2:1 |
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Term
DRUGS CAUSING DISULFURAM REACTION |
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Definition
DISULFRAM AND METRONIDAZOLE |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
SIGNS OF FLORIDE POISONING? |
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Definition
PEARLY WHITE TEETH AND BONES |
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Term
6 TCA LOCATIONS FOR AA'S: |
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Definition
PYRUVATE ACETYL COA ALPHA KETO GLUTERATE SUCCINYL COA FUMERATE |
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Term
TCA ENZYMES CONNECTED TO ETC |
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Definition
SUCCINYL COA DEHYDROGENASE 2 IT IS CONNECTED AT COMPLEX II |
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Term
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Definition
GLUCOKINASE/HEXOKINASE GLUCOSE 6 P ISOMERASE FRUCTOSE 6 P KINASE ALDOLASE A GA3P KINASE 1.3 BISPHOSPHOGLUCONATE DH 3PG ISOMERASE ENOLASE PYRUVATE KINASE |
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Term
4 REGULATORY ENZYMES IN GLUCONEOGENESIS |
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Definition
PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE PEPCK FRUCTOSE 1,6 BISPHOSPHATASE GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATASE |
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Term
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Definition
CINDY IS KINKY SO SHE FORNICATES MORE OFTEN ACETYL-COA CITRATE ISOCITRATE ALPHA KETO GLUTERATE SUCCINYL COA SUCCINATE FUMERATE MALATE OXALOACETATE |
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Term
INTERMEDIATES IN UREA CYCLE |
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Definition
NH4+CO2+ATP CARBAMOYL-P+ORNITHINE CITRULINE+ASP ARGINOSUCCINATE-FUMERATE L-ARGININE-FUMERATE ORNATHINE+UREA |
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Term
INERMEDIATES IN PENTOSE PATHWAY |
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Definition
GLUCOSE GLUCOSE 6 P 6 PHOSPHOGLUCONATE RIBOSE 5 PHOSPHATE |
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Term
INTERMEDIATES IN FRUCTOSE CATABOLISM |
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Definition
FRUCTOSE FRUCTOSE 1 PHOSPHATE BHAP/GLYCEROL |
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Term
DEFICIENCIES IN FRUCTOSURIA |
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Definition
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Term
DEFICIENCIES IN FRUCTOSEMIA |
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Definition
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Term
DEFICIENCIES IN GALACTOSURIA |
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Definition
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Term
DEFICIENCIES IN GALACTOSEMIA |
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Definition
GALACTOSE-1-URUDYL-TRANSFERASE |
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Term
COMPLICATIONS OF FRUCTOSUREA/GALACTOSUREA |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
UDP-SINGLE SUGAR DOLICHOL-MANY SUGARS BIOTIN-CO2 THF-CH3 FOR NUCLEOTIDE SAM-CH3 FOR EVERYTHING CDP-AA THF-CH3 FOR NUCLEOTIDE SAM-CH3 FOR EVERYTHING CDP-AA |
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Term
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Definition
GLU->SORBITOL FRUCTOSE->FRUCTICOL GALACTOSE->GALACTICOL |
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Term
WHAT IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF A CELL MEMBRANE? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
FAT SOLUBLE AND WATER SOLUBLE |
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Term
WHERE WILL YOU FIND HYDROPHOBIC SUBSTANCES? HYDROPHILIC? |
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Definition
HYDROPHOBIC-INSIDE HYDROPHILIC-OUTSIDE |
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Term
3 EXCEPTIONS TO WATER OUT FAT IN RULE |
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Definition
CHANNELS PORES TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN |
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Term
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Definition
30% FATS 30% PROTEINS 40% CARBS |
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Term
7 FUNCTIONS OF CELL MEMBRANES? |
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Definition
PROVIDE STRUCTURE TRANSPORT ACTIVE TRANSPORT HEAT/TEMP REGULATIONS MAINTAIN GRADIENT DEPOLARISATION SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION |
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Term
MEMBRANE TRANSPORATION IN A CELL IS CALLED? |
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Definition
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Term
BRINGING SOMETHING INTO THE CELL IS CALLED? |
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Definition
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Term
BRINGING SOMETHING OUTSIDE THE CELL IS CALLED? |
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Definition
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Term
BRINGING WATER INTO THE CELL IS CALLED? |
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Definition
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Term
WHAT TWO THINGS ARE REQUIRED FOR CELLULAR TRANSPORT? |
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Definition
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Term
MOST IMPORTANT SUBSTANCE ENDOCYTOSED? |
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Definition
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|
Term
MOST IMPORTANT SUBSTANCE EXOCYTOSED? |
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Definition
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|
Term
MOST IMPORTANT WASTE PRODUCT PRODUCED BY CELLS? |
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Definition
LIPOFUSION (BROWN PIGMENT) |
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Term
HOW DO YOU GET THIS WASTE PRODUCT? WHAT CAUSES? |
|
Definition
WITH AGE YOU BECOME LESS ABLE TO PUSH LIPOFUSCIN OUT OF THE CELL |
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|
Term
WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR IN THE MOVEMENT OF PARTICLES? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
HOW DO YOU CONCENTRATE ANY SUBSTANCE IN THE BODY? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
HOW DOES SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT WORK? |
|
Definition
GOING WITH A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT USING ANOTHER SUBSTANCES GRADIENT |
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|
Term
WHAT TWO THINGS ARE REQUIRED FOR CELLULAR TRANSPORT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
MOST IMPORTANT SUBSTANCE ENDOCYTOSED? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
MOST IMPORTANT SUBSTANCE EXOCYTOSED? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
MOST IMPORTANT WASTE PRODUCT PRODUCED BY CELLS? |
|
Definition
LIPOFUSCION (BROWN PIGMENT) |
|
|
Term
HOW DO YOU GET THIS WASTE PRODUCT? WHAT CAUSES? |
|
Definition
WITH AGE YOU BECOME LESS ABLE TO PUSH LIPOFUSCION OUT OF THE CELL |
|
|
Term
WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR IN MOVEMENT OF PARTICLES? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
HOW DO YOU CONCENTRATE ANY SUBSTANCE IN THE BODY? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
HOW DOES SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT WORK? |
|
Definition
GOING WITH A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT USING ANOTHER SUBSTANCES GRADIENT |
|
|
Term
MOST IMPORTANT SUBSTANCE USED FOR SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT OF A SUBSTANCE IN THE SAME DIRECTION? DIFFERENT DIRECTION? |
|
Definition
SAME DIRECTION: CO-TRANSPORT, SYMPORT OPPOSITE: ANTIPORT |
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|
Term
IS A CELL MEMBRANE MOSTLY FAT OR WATER? |
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Definition
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|
Term
WHAT SUBSTANCES CROSS THE MEMBRANE MORE? |
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Definition
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|
Term
WHAT LIMITS CROSSING THE MEMBRANE? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
WHAT IS TRUE FOR ALL FAT SOLUBLE/STEROID HORMONE RECEPTORS? |
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Definition
THEY NEVER HAVE CELLULAR MEMBRANE RECEPTORS BECAUSE THEY READILY CROSS THE MEMBRANES |
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|
Term
WHERE ARE THEIR RECEPTORS LOCATED?WHAT IS THE ONE EXCEPTION? HOW DO THEY WORK? |
|
Definition
THEIR RECEPTORS ARE IN THE NUCLEUS CORTISOL IS AN EXCEPTION, ITS RECEPTORS ARE IN THE CYTOPLASM THEY STIMULATE THE NUCLEUS TO PERFORM DNA REPLICATION, TRANSCRIPTION, AND TRANSLATION INTO PROTEINS BY WHICH THEY MANIFEST THEIR ACTIONS |
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Term
HOW DO YOU DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN FAT SOLUBLE HORMONE AND ANOTHER? |
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Definition
YOU DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN THEM BY THE PROTEIN THEY MAKE |
|
|
Term
FACTORS THAT AFFECT TRANSPORTATION OF WATER SOLUBLE COMPOUNDS OR HORMONES? |
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Definition
SIZE CHARGE PH SURFACE AREA MEMBRANE THICKNESS FLUX REFLECTION CO-EFFICIENT FICK'S LAW |
|
|
Term
PRINCIPLES BEHIND THE REFLECTION CO-EFFICIENT? |
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Definition
REFLECTION CO-EFFICIENT IS THE RATIO OF PARTICLES SENT TO PARTICLES RETURNED. THAT IS IF 10 ARE SENT AND 10 RETURN, THE REFLECTION CO-EFFICIENT IS 1. IF 10 ARE SENT AND NONE RETURN, REFLECTION COEFFICIENT OF 0 OR SOLUBLE. |
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|
Term
WHAT IS THE PRINCIPLE BEHIND FICK'S LAW? |
|
Definition
RATION OF THINGS THAT PROMOTE CROSSING A MEMBRANE TO THINGS THAT INHIBIT IT |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
HOW MEDIUM PARTICLES CROSS MEMBRANES? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
HOW LARGER MOLECULES CROSS MEMBRANES? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHAT ARE THE THREE WAYS HEAT IS REGULATES IN THE BODY? |
|
Definition
RADIATION-INTO ENVIRONMENT CONDUCTION-CONTACT CONVECTION-ENVIRONMENT MOVES PAST YOU |
|
|
Term
WHAT IS THE PRINCIPLE OF EACH? HOW BODY GETS RID OF HEAT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
MOST IMPORTANT SUBSTANCE THAT IS TRANSPORTED THROUGHT PORES? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHICH HORMONES HAVE CELL MEMBRANE RECEPTORS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
HORMONES HAVE NUCLEAR MEMBRANE RECEPTORS? |
|
Definition
ALL EXCEPT CORTISOL WHICH HAS A CYTOPLASMIC RECEPTOR |
|
|
Term
HOW DOES THE CELL MEMBRANE HELP THE BODY MAINTAIN ELECTROCHEMICAL GRADIENT? |
|
Definition
BY KEEPING THE IONS ON THE CORRECT SIDE OF THE MEMBRANE TO MAINTAIN ELECTRICAL GRADIENT |
|
|
Term
WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON EXTRA CELLULAR CATION/ANION? |
|
Definition
CATION:SODIUM ANION:CHLORIDE ANION? |
|
|
Term
WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON INTRA CELLULAR CATION /ANION? |
|
Definition
CATION:POTASSIUM ANION:PROTEINS |
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|
Term
WHAT MEMBRANES OF THE BODY DO NOT DEPOLARISE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHICH TISSUES ARE THE BEST AT DEPOLARISING? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
MOST COMMON COMPLICATION OF ELECTROCUTION? |
|
Definition
MC COMPLICATION IS BLEEDING BECAUSE ELECTRICITY CAUSES DAMAGE TO THE ENDOTHELIUM, BUT YOU CAN NOT COMPLETELY CLOT BECAUSE THE ENDOTHELIUM IS DAMAGED |
|
|
Term
WHAT SUBSTANCES DO LYSOSOMES HAVE A LOT OF? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHAT DO ACID HYDROLASES DO THE PH OF THE LYSOSOMES? |
|
Definition
CAUSE THE PH TO BE VERY ACIDIC |
|
|
Term
STRUCTURE THAT IS FORMED WHEN A LYSOSOME PHAGOCYTOSES SOMETHING? |
|
Definition
PHAGOSOME OR PHAGOLYSOSOME |
|
|
Term
BACTERIA THAT CAN INHIBIT PHAGOCYTOSIS BY PMN'S? |
|
Definition
MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS |
|
|
Term
TB COMPONENT THAT PREVENTS PHAGOCYTOSIS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ION THAT DAMAGESS LYSOSOMAL DAMAGE BY COATING THEIR SURFACE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
DAMAGE TO THE LYSOSOMES CAUSE |
|
Definition
ACID HYDROLASES LEAK OUT AND DAMAGE THE NUCLEUS PARTICULARLY DNASE AND RNASE |
|
|
Term
WHERE DO ALL SYNTHETIC PROCESSES OCCUR IN THE CELL? |
|
Definition
IN THE CYTOPLASM (E.G. GLYCOLYSIS, GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS) |
|
|
Term
WHERE DO ALL CATABOLIC PROCESSES OCCUR IN THE BODY? |
|
Definition
IN THE MITOCHONDRIA (E.G. TCA, GLYCOGENOLYSIS, FATTY ACID BREAK DOWN) |
|
|
Term
MOST IMPORTANT PRIMARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT SYSTEM? |
|
Definition
SODIUM ATPASE (3 Na+ OUT/ 2K+ IN) |
|
|
Term
MOST IMPORTANT SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT SYSTEM? |
|
Definition
SODIUM-CALCIUM EXCHANGER (3Na+OUT, 2Ca2+ IN) |
|
|
Term
TRANSPORT SYSTEM USED TO MAKE THE CELL MORE NEGATIVE? MORE POSITIVE? |
|
Definition
NEGATIVE?Na-K ATPASE POSITIVE? Na-Ca EXCHANGER |
|
|
Term
WHAT DOES A LYSOSOMAL INCLUSION BODY INDICATE? |
|
Definition
MISSING ENZYME->INABILITY TO DIGEST A SUBSTANCE |
|
|
Term
SURFACES AT WHICH PROTEINS ENTER AND LEAVE THE GOLGI |
|
Definition
ENTER->CONCAVE SIDE LEAVE->CONVEX SIDE |
|
|
Term
WHICH PARENT TRANSMIT MITOCHONDRIAL DNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHAT IS THE ONLY IMPORTANT MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHAT DOES EACH OF THE FOLLOWING POLYMERASES DO IN THE EUKARYOTES? |
|
Definition
1-POLYMERASE ALPHA 2-POLYMERASE BETA 3-POLYMERASE GAMMA 4-POLYMERASE DELTA 5-POLYMERASE EPSILON
1-PRIMASE 2-DNA POLYMERASE I 3-MITOCHONDRIAL DNA 4-DNA POLYMERASE III 5-DNA POLYMERASE III |
|
|
Term
WHAT IS THE OUTCOME OF ALL CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHICH MONOSOMY DOES NOT DIE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
MAJOR CONCEPT BEHIND ALL MONOSOMIES? |
|
Definition
IF THEY DO NOT DIE, THINGS WONT GROW |
|
|
Term
WHAT ARE THE UNIQUE FEATURES OF TURNERS? |
|
Definition
WEB NECK-NECK DIDNT GROW SO YOU HAVE EXTRA SKIN CYSTIC HYGROMA-BRACHIAL POUCHES DIDNT DEVELOP SHIELD CHEST-WAIST DID NOT GROW GONADAL STREAKS - OVARIES DID NOT GROW COARCTATION OF THE AORTA- AORTIC ARCH DIDNT GROW COARCTATION OF AORTA-AORTIC ARCH DIDNT GROW |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
DIFFERENTIAL PULSES DIFFERENTIAL CYANOSIS RIB NOTCHING ON X-RAY |
|
|
Term
REASON FOR RIB NOTCHING IN COARCTATION? |
|
Definition
BRONCHIAL ARTERIES OPEN UP TO ALLOW BLOOD TO FLOW AND ERODING RIBS. |
|
|
Term
REASONS FOR DIFFERENTIAL CYANOSIS IN COARCTATION |
|
Definition
PDA JOINS DISTAL TO COARCTATION |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
TRISOMY 13 - PATAU TRISOMY 18 - EDWARDS TRISOMY 21 - DOWNS SYNDROME |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
DIE SHORTLY AFTER BIRTH PUBERTY HIGH ARCHED PALATE POLYDACTYLY P-SYSTEM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
DIE SHORTLY AFTER BIRTH 95% ROCKER BOTTOM FEET |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MR 20-50% CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 40% HYPOTHYROIDISM CANCER-ALL EARLY ONSET ALZHEIMERS SIMIAN CREASE MONGOLIAN SLANT WIDESPREAD 1ST AND 2ND TOE |
|
|
Term
MOST COMMON CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE IN DOWN'S? |
|
Definition
COMMON AV CANAL ASD AND VSD TOGETHER VSD ONLY ASD ONLY |
|
|
Term
TO WHAT IS A COMMON AV CANAL DUE? |
|
Definition
FAILURE OF ENDOCARDIAL CUSHION TO DEVELOP |
|
|
Term
MC CYANOTIC HEART DISEASE IN DOWNS SYNDROME? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
MC CANCER SEEN IN DOWNS PATIENT? MOST FREQUENT? |
|
Definition
MOST COMMON - ALL MOST FREQUENT - AML |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
GENUIS >130 NORMAL - 85-100 MILD MR - 70 MODERATE - 55 SEVERE - 40 PROFOUND - <25 |
|
|
Term
LEVEL OF MR THAT REQUIRES INSTITUTIONALISATION? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHICH TYPE OF MEMORY IS AFFECTED FIRST IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE? |
|
Definition
SHORT TERM MEMORY BECAUSE ALZHEIMER'S AFFECTS THE HIPPOCAMPUS FIRST |
|
|
Term
WHAT TUSSUE CHANGE IS THE HALLMARK OF ALZHEIMRE'S DISEASE? |
|
Definition
NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES IN THE BRAIN |
|
|
Term
NEUROTRANSMITTER THAT IS REDUCED IN ALZHEIMER'S ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHAT ENZYME MAKES THIS ACH? |
|
Definition
CHOLINE ACETYL TRANSFERASE |
|
|
Term
DRUGS USED TO TREAT ALZHEIMER'S THAT INHIBITS THE BREAKDOWN OF ACH? |
|
Definition
TACRINE INHIBITS THE BREAKDOWN OF ACH |
|
|
Term
3 TYPES OF NUCLEAR DAMAGE AND THEIR DESCRIPTION OF THE NUCLEUS? |
|
Definition
PYKNOSIS-BLOBS KARYORRHEXIS-CHUNKS KARYOLYSIS-DISSOLVES |
|
|
Term
DESCRIBE COAGULATIVE NECROSIS |
|
Definition
DUE TO ISCHEMIA ARCHITECTURE MAINTAINED |
|
|
Term
DESCRIBE LIQUIFACTIVE NECROSIS |
|
Definition
1/2 SOLID 1/2 LIQUID NO MAINTENANCE OF ARCHITECTURE (E.G. BRAIN , ABCESS) |
|
|
Term
DESCRIBE HEMORRHAGIC NECROSIS |
|
Definition
ORGAN WITH A SOFT CAPSULE OR MORE THAN ONE BLOOD SUPPLY |
|
|
Term
DESCRIBE CASEOUS NECROSIS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
OCCURS IN PANCREAS WITH CHRONIC PANCREATITITS BLUNT TRAUMA TO BREAST |
|
|
Term
DESCRIBE PURULENT NECROSIS |
|
Definition
PUS DUE TO BACTERIA (PMN) |
|
|
Term
DESCRIBE GRANULOMATOUS NECROSIS |
|
Definition
GRANULOMAS T/CELL MACROPHAGES NON-BACTERIAL |
|
|
Term
DESCRIBE FIBRINOUS NECROSIS |
|
Definition
COLLAGEN VASCULAR DISEASE UREMIA TB |
|
|
Term
2 TYPES OF CELLULAR DEATH WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE? HOW CAN YOU TELL THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THEM? |
|
Definition
APOPTOSIS-PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH NECROSIS-NON-PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH NECROSIS HAS INFLAMMATION, APOPTOSIS DOES NOT. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ISCHEMIA LEADING TO COAGULATIVE NECROSIS |
|
|
Term
WHAT IS THE THEORY BEHIND CHEMOTHERAPY? WHAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SIDE EFFECTS OF CHEMOTHERAPY? |
|
Definition
TRY TO KILL CANCER BEFORE CANCER OR DRUG KILLS PATIENT TRY TO TARGET FEATURES OF THE CANCER THAT NORMAL CELLS ARE NOT DOING (E.G. RAPIDLY DIVIDING) |
|
|
Term
WHAT ARE THE FIVE CLASSES OF CHEMOTHERAPY DRUGS? |
|
Definition
NUTRIENT DEPLETORS ANTIMETABOLITES ALKYLATING AGENTS MICROTUBLE INHIBITORS IMMUNE MODULATORS |
|
|
Term
3 CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS THAT INHIBIT DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE? |
|
Definition
TRIMETHOPRIM PYRIMETHAMINE METHOTREXATE |
|
|
Term
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE CELL IF YOU STOP THE NA/K PUMP? |
|
Definition
K LEAKS OUT AND THE CELL BECOMES NEGATIVE SODIUM MOVES DOWN ITS GRADIENT INTO THE CELL CHLORIDE FOLLOWS SODIUM INTO THE CELL AND WATER FOLLOWS THE CELL BEGINS TO SWELL |
|
|
Term
WHAT IS THE SWELLING CALLED IN THE BRAIN, LIVER, ANY OTHER CELL? |
|
Definition
-PAPILLEDEMA -BALLOON DEGENERATION -HYDROPIC CHANGES |
|
|
Term
3 SUBSTANCES THST STOP THE NA/K PUMP? |
|
Definition
DIGITALIS DIGITOXIN QUABAIN |
|
|
Term
NORMAL RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL FOR CELLS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHAT CELLS DO NOT SIT AT RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL? ARE THEY MORE OR LESS LIKELY TO DEPOLARISE? |
|
Definition
NEURONES AND PURKINJE FIBRES HAVE A RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL OF (-70) THEY ARE MORE LIKELY TO DEPOLARISE |
|
|
Term
WHAT IS THE NERNST NUMBER? |
|
Definition
THE MEMBRANE POTENTIAL AT WHICH THE ELECTRICAL AND CONCENTRATION GRADIENTS ARE EQUAL AND OPPOSITE. THIS MEANS THERE IS NO NET MOVEMENT THIS M |
|
|
Term
WHAT IS THE NERNST NUMBER FOR Na, K, Cl, Mg, AND Ca? |
|
Definition
Na+-> (+65) Cl--> (-90) K+ -> (-96) Mg2+ -> (+120) Ca2+ -> (+120) |
|
|
Term
WHAT DETERMINES ELECTRICAL GRADIENT? |
|
Definition
THE DIRECTION IONS WANT TO GO IN ORDER TO GET TO ITS OWN E |
|
|
Term
BY ELECTRICAL AND CONCENTRATION GRADIENT, WHICH WAY DO THE FOLLOWING IONS WANT TO FLOW? |
|
Definition
Na-> IN (-90)TO (+65) K -> OUT (-90) TO (-96) Cl -> ALREADY AT ITS E |
|
|
Term
WHICH VESSEL HAS THE THICKEST LAYER OF SMOOTH MUSCLE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHICH VESSELS HAVE THE LARGEST CROSS SECTIONAL AREA OF SMOOTH MUSCLE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHICH VESSELS HAVE THE LARGEST CROSS SECTIONAL AREA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHICH VESSELS HAVE THE GREATEST AFFECT ON BLOOD PRESSURE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHICH VESSELS CAN STORE THE MOST BLOOD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHICH VESSELS HAVE THE THINNEST WALLS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHICH VESSELS HAVE THE GREATEST AMOUNT OF DIFFUSION? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
HOW DOES THE BODY MAINTAIN STROKE VOLUME DURING HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK? |
|
Definition
BY CONSTRICTING VEINS AND VENULES |
|
|
Term
HOW MUCH BLOOD IS STORED IN VEINS AND VENULES? |
|
Definition
SIXTY PERCENT OF THE BLOOD |
|
|
Term
VESSELS IN WHICH MOST EFFUSION OCCURS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
TYPE OF EPITHELIUM THAT MAKE UP THE AORTA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
CALCIFICATION OF THE AORTIC ARCH DUE TO TRAUMA AND AGE IS CALLED? |
|
Definition
MONCKEBERG CALCIFICATIONS |
|
|
Term
WHAT GIVES THE VEINS AND VENULES THE ABILITY TO HAVE SUCH GREAT COMPLIANCE? |
|
Definition
ELASTIN. THEY HAVE A THIN WALL. |
|
|
Term
WHAT TWO FACTORS HELP OVERCOME AFTERLOAD AND HELP DELIVER BLOOD TO THE TISSUE? |
|
Definition
VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION AND AORTIC RECOIL |
|
|
Term
WHAT THREE FACTORS PREVENT BLOOD FROM BEING DELIVERED TO THE HEART DURING SYSTOLE? |
|
Definition
-AORTIC VALVES PARTIALLY OCCLUDE THE CORONARY VESSELS -THERE IS NO TRANSMURAL FORCE PUSHING BLOOD INTO THE CORONARY VESSELS -THE CONTRACTING VENTRICLES COMPRESS THE CORONARY VESSELS |
|
|
Term
THE ENERGY REQUIREMENT IS DEVELOPED WHEN? ENERGY IS EXTRACTED FROM THE BLOOD WHEN? |
|
Definition
ENERGY REQUIREMENT IS GENERATED DURING SYSTOLE ENERGY IS EXTRACTED DURING DIASTOLE |
|
|
Term
HOW MUCH OXYGEN IS EXTRACTED FROM BLOOD BY THE HEART? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WITH FAST HEART RATE IN WHICH PHASE OF THE CYCLE DOES THE HEART SPEND MOST TIME:SYSTOLE OR DIASTOLE? WITH SLOW HEART RATE? |
|
Definition
WITH FAST HEART RATES, MORE TIME IS SPENT IN SYSTOLE. WITH SLOW HEART RATES, MORE TIME IS SPENT IN DIASTOLE. |
|
|
Term
AS YOU AGE WHAT HAPPENS TO THE AORTA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
HOW DOES THIS AFFECT THE COMPLIANCE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHAT AFFECT DOES THIS HAVE ON BLOOD PRESSURE AND PULSE PRESSURE? |
|
Definition
BLOOD PRESSURE INCREASES (MAINLY SYSTOLIC). PULSE PRESSURE INCREASES (SYSTOLIC INCREASES,) DIASTOLIC REMAINS RELATIVELY UNCHANGED |
|
|
Term
HOW DO YOU TREAT HYPERTENSION IN THE ELDERLY? |
|
Definition
USE CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS |
|
|
Term
WHAT TWO ORGANS IN THE BODY HAVE RESISTANCE OF VESSELS IN SERIES? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHY DO LIVER AND KIDNEY HAVE RESISTANCE OF VESSELS IN SERIES? |
|
Definition
THEY DETOXIFY BLOOD SO YOU WANT BLOOD TO MOVE SLOWLY. EVEN THOUGH THE VELOCITY OF THE DOWNSTREAM BLOOD IS INCREASED, THERE IS BACK UP OF BLOOD SO BLOOD FLOW DECREASES AND BLOOD SPENDS MORE TIME BEING DETOXIFIED. |
|
|
Term
VASODILATORS OF THE ORGANS |
|
Definition
BRAIN:HIGHPCO2, LOW PO2 CV:ADENOSINE LUNG:HIGH PO2 MUSCLE: HIGH PCO2, LOW PH GI: FOOD (ESP FAT) SKIN: HIGH TEMPERATURE, HIGH PCO2 RENAL:D2-R, PG, ANP |
|
|
Term
HOW DOES LOW O2 CAUSE PULMONARY HTN? |
|
Definition
DECREASED OXYGEN CAUSES VASOCONSTRICTION LEADING TO PULMONARY HYPERTENSION |
|
|
Term
NAME FOR OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNOEA DUE TO OBESITY? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CAROTID BODY?CAROTID SINUS? |
|
Definition
-CAROTID SINUS IS THE BARORECEPTOR. IT MEASURES STROKE VOLUME - CAROTID BODY IS A CHEMORECEPTOR |
|
|
Term
WHAT IS THE PATHWAY OF SIGNALS FROM THE CAROTID SINUS? |
|
Definition
1- CAROTID SINUS MEASURES STROKE VOLUME 2- SENDS SIGNAL TO NUCLEUS TRACTUS SOLITARIUS IN THE MEDULLA VIA CNIX. 3- THE MEDULLA THEN SENDS A SIGNAL TO THE HEART VIA CNX 4- MEDULLA CAUSES INCREASED RELEASE OF NOREPINEPHRINE |
|
|
Term
HOW DOES THE CAROTID SINUS AFFECT FIRING OF CN IX AND X ? |
|
Definition
1- CRANIAL NERVES IX AND X ARE ALWAYS FIRING. 2- FIRING GOES UP AND DOWN ALONG WITH STROKE VOLUME. 3- NOREPINEPHRINE GOES IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION. 4- INCREASED STROKE VOLUME CAUSES INCREASED FIRING OF CN IX AND CN X. DECREASED STROKE VOLUME CAUSES DECREASED FIRING OF CN IX AND CN X. |
|
|
Term
WHAT AFFECT DOES CN X HAVE ON THE HEART? |
|
Definition
CN X IS INHIBITORY TO THE HEART. INCREASED FIRING CAUSES A DECREASED HEART RATE. DECREASED FIRING CAUSES INCREASED HEART RATE. |
|
|
Term
WHEN YOU STAND UP, BY HOW MUCH DOES YOUR HEART RATE AND BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE? |
|
Definition
HEART RATE INCREASES BY 5-10bmp AND BLOOD PRESSURE DROPS BY 5-20 mmHG. |
|
|
Term
WHAT IS THE MEANING OF A HR CHANGE OF LESS THAN THE EXPECTED MEAN? |
|
Definition
A CHANGE IN HR OF LESS THAN 5bpm MEANS YOUR BODY DID NOT RESPOND -> AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION. |
|
|
Term
WHAT IS THE MEANING OF A HR CHANGE OF MORE THAN THE EXPECTED MEAN? |
|
Definition
A CHANGE OF MORE THAN 10 bmp MEANS YOUR BODY OVER COMPENSATED -> VOLUME DEPLETION. |
|
|
Term
FOUR INSTANCES IN AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION? |
|
Definition
BABY-> REILY DAY SYN. DIABETIC-> NEUROPATHY. PARKINSON-> SHY-GRAGER. ELDERLY-> SICK SINUS SYND. |
|
|
Term
WHAT IS THE PATHOLOGY OF SICK SINUS SYNDROME IN THE ELDERLY? |
|
Definition
CAROTID SINUS IS SO CALCIFIED THAT IT DOES NOT RESPOND. SICK SINUS MEANS PAUSING FOR MORE THAN ONE SECOND. |
|
|
Term
WHAT IS THE PATHOLOGY OF REILY DAY SYNDROME? |
|
Definition
BABIES BORN WITH NO AUTONOMIC REFLEXES |
|
|
Term
WITH RESPECT TO THE CAROTID SINUS, WHAT SEQUENCE OF EVENTS TAKE PLACE WHEN YOU INCREASE YOUR FLUID VOLUME? |
|
Definition
CAROTID SINUS INCREASES FIRING CNIX. AND X INCREASES FIRING. HR DECREASES (REFLEX BRADYCARDIA) |
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Term
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS THAT TAKE PLACE WHEN YOU STAND FROM A SEATED POSITION (CAROTID SINUS)? |
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Definition
-BLOOD POOLS IN LEGS -DECREASE VENOUS RETURN -DECREASE EDV -DECREASE STROKE VOLUME -DECREASE FIRING OF CAROTID SINUS -DECREASE FIRING OF CN IX AND CN X. -INCREASED HR. REFLEX TACCHYCARDIA -DECREASED BP 5-20 mmHG , INCREASED HR 5-10 mmHG. |
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Term
MECHANISM RESPONSIBLE FOR IMMEDIATE REGULATION OF BP? |
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Definition
CAROTID REFLEX VIA CAROTID SINUS |
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Term
MECHANISM RESPONSIBLE FOR INTERMEDIATE CONTROL OF BLOOD PRESSURE? |
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Definition
NOREPINEPHRINE (ALPHA 1 RECEPTORS THEN BETA 1 RECEPTORS) |
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Term
MECHANISM RESPONSIBLE FOR LONG TERM REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE? |
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Definition
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Term
WHAT SUBSTANCE IS THE MOST POTENT VASOCONSTRICTOR IN THE BODY? |
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Definition
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Term
TO WHAT STIMULOUS DO JG CELLS IN THE BODY RESPOND? WHAT IS THEIR RESPONSE? |
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Definition
-THEY RESPOND TO FLOW (I.E. VOLUME NOT PRESSURE) -CAUSE THE RELEASE OF RENIN |
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Term
WHAT IS THE RATIONAL FOR USING A CAROTID MASSAGE? |
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Definition
MASSAGING THE CAROTID SINUS SIMULATES AN INCREASE IN STROKE VOLUME. THIS CAUSES INCREASED FIRING OF CAROTID SINUS, INCREASED FIRING OF CNIX, AND X AND DECREASE IN HR. |
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Term
HOW DOES NOREPINEPHRINE REGULATE THE BLOOD PRESSURE? |
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Definition
IF CAROTID REFLEX IS NOT ENOUGH TO NORMALISE BP, NE IS RELEASED AND CAUSES VASOCONSTRICTION VIA ALPHA 1 RECEPTORS, AND INCREASED HEART RATE VIA BETA 1. |
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Term
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CAROTID REFLEX? |
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Definition
THE CAROTID SINUS IS RESPONSIBLE FOR IMMEDIATE REGULATION OF BP VIA REFLEX BRADY AND TACCHY. |
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Term
WHAT IS THE DIAGNOSIS FOR A PATIENT PRESENTING WITH INCREASED HEART RATE AND NORMAL BP? |
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Definition
HYPOVOLEMIC (COMPENSATED ) SHOCK |
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Term
WHAT ARE THE FIRST PHYSICAL SIGNS OF HYPOVOLEMIA? |
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Definition
FIRST SIGNS ARE POOR SKIN TURGER (MOTTLED SKIN), INCREASE PULSE, AND DECREASED BOWEL SOUNDS. |
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Term
WHAT IS LENTIGO RETICULARIS? |
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Definition
HYPO-PERFUSION OF THE SKIN AS THAT DUE TO VASOCONSTRICTION IN SHOCK. |
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Term
TWO MOST IMPORTANT ACTIONS OF ANGIOTENSIN II? |
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Definition
VASOCONSTRICTION STIMULATE ALDOSTERONE RELEASE |
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Term
STEPS IN KIDNEY'S RESPONSE TO HYPOVOLEMIA: |
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Definition
-DECREASED FIRING OF CAROTID SINUS -> INCREASED NOREPINEPHRINE. -NE->VASOCONSTRICTION VIA ALPHA1 RECEPTORS. -RENAL VASCULATURE VASOCONSTRICTS. -JG CELLS SENSE DECREASE FLOW AND RELEASE RENIN. -RENIN CONVERTS ANGIOTENSINOGEN TO ANGIOTENSIN I. -ANGIOTENSIN I IS CONVERTED TO ANGIOTENSIN II IN THE LUNGS BY ACE. - ANGII->VASOCONSTRICTION->INCREASED TPR & DECREASED BP. -ANGII STIMULATES RELEASE OF ALDOSTERONE. -ALDOSTERONE CAUSES REABSORPTION OF SODIUM AND EXCRETION OF K IN THE KIDNEY, BUT RE-ABSORBS THREE TIMES MORE WATER THAN SODIUM & SECRETION OF H+ -THIS LEADS TO INCREASED VOLUME, INCREASED Na, AND LOW K+, INITIALLY. -OVER TIME YOU HAVE LOW K+, LOW H+ (INCREASED PH), LOW Na+, LOW Cl- -INCREASED TPR, INCREASED BP |
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Term
WHAT ARE THE ELECTROLYTES, PH, TPR, AND BP FOR ALL LOW VOLUME STATES? |
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Definition
LOW K+, LOW Na+, LOW Cl-, LOW H+, INCREASED PH, INCREASED TPR, INCREASED BP. |
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Term
WHAT ARE THE ONLY THREE EXCEPTIONS? |
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Definition
DIARRHEA (POOPING HCO3-) RTA - RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS (PEEING HCO3-) DKA (KETONES) |
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Term
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Definition
SAME ELECTROLYTES, BUT HIGH H+ (LOW PH) |
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Term
WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR HYPERTENSION IN HEART FAILURE? |
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Definition
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Term
HEART BLOCK WITH FIXED LENGTHENING OF PR INTERVAL? |
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Definition
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Term
HEART BLOCK WITH NORMAL PR INTERVAL AND ERRATIC LOSS OF QRS? |
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Definition
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Term
WHICH TYPE OF HEART BLOCK HAS AV DISSOCIATION? |
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Definition
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Term
HEART BLOCK WITH GRADUAL LENGTHENING OF PR INTERVAL AND ERRATIC LOSS OF QRS? |
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Definition
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Term
HOW DO YOU TREAT THE VARIOUS TYPES OF HEART BLOCK? |
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Definition
1ST DEGREE -> NO TREATMENT MOBITZ I -> PACER IF SYMPTOMS MOBITZ II -> PACER 3RD DEGREE -> PACER |
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Term
COMPLICATIONS OF TEMPORAL ARTERITIS? |
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Definition
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Term
ANOTHER NAME FOR TEMPORAL ARTERITIS? |
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Definition
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Term
HOW DO YOU DIAGNOSE TEMPORAL ARTERITS? |
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Definition
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Term
RULE OF 60'S FOR TEMPORAL ARTERITIS |
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Definition
AGE >60 ESR >60 60 MG OF PREDNISOLONE FOR TREATMENT |
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Term
WHICH SHOULD YOU DO FIRST IN TEMPORAL ARTERITIS, BIOPSY OR STEROIDS? |
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Definition
IF SYMPTOMATIC TREAT WITH PREDNISOLONE FIRST THEN BIOPSY. IF ASYMPTOMATIC , BIOPSY, THEN PREDNISOLONE. |
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Term
GIVE THE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CONDITION: 1- ONE MUSCLE HURTS: |
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Definition
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|
Term
GIVE THE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CONDITION: 2- SEVERAL MUSCLES HURT: |
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Definition
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|
Term
GIVE THE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CONDITION: 3- MUSCLE PAIN WITH RASH: |
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Definition
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|
Term
GIVE THE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CONDITION: 4- INFLAMED MUSCLE INSERTIONS |
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Definition
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|
Term
GIVE THE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CONDITION: 5- PAIN OF MUSCLE AND MUSCLE INSERTIONS: |
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Definition
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|
Term
GIVE THE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CONDITION: 6- SHOULDER GIRDLE HURTS THE MOST |
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Definition
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|
Term
GIVE THE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CONDITION: 7- VISCERAL CANCER |
|
Definition
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|
Term
GIVE THE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CONDITION: 8- CAUSED BY RIFAMPIN,INH,STATINS, PREDNISOLONE,HYPOTHYROIDISM |
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Definition
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|
Term
GIVE THE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CONDITION: TREATED WITH AMITRIPTYLINE |
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Definition
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|
Term
GIVE THE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CONDITION: 10- INCREASE IN TEMPORAL ARTERITIS |
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Definition
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|
Term
GIVE THE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CONDITION: 11- MULTIPLE TRIGGER POINTS: |
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Definition
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|
Term
GIVE THE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CONDITION: 12- MUSCLE PAIN WHEN MOVING: |
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Definition
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|
Term
GIVE THE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CONDITION: 13- HELIOTROPIC |
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Definition
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|
Term
GIVE THE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CONDITION: 14- THROBBING TEMPORAL HA |
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Definition
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|
Term
DRUGS THAT CAUSE MYOSITIS |
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Definition
RIFAMPIN STATIN PREDNISOLONE INH |
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Term
DISEASE THAT CAUSES MYOSITIS |
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Definition
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|
Term
3 CLUES FOR BECKER'S OR DUCHENNE'S MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY? |
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Definition
WADDLING GATE GOWER'S SIGN CALF PSUDOHYPERTROPHY |
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Term
CAUSE OF THE PSEUDOHYPERTROPHY SEEN IN THE CALF OF DUCHENNE'S OR BECKER'S |
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Definition
FATP DEPOSITION IN THE MUSCLE OF THE CALF |
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Term
WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR MUSCULAR SCLEROSIS? |
|
Definition
1- STEROIDS 2- BLOCKING IMMUNOGLOBULINS 3- PLASMAPHRESIS 4- IFN |
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|
Term
WHAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE HALO VISION SEEN IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS? WHAT STRUCTURE DO MS LIKE TO ATTACK?WHAT IS THIS CALLED? |
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Definition
OPTIC NEURITIS MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL FASCICULUS INTERNUCLEAR OPHTHALMOPLEGIA |
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|
Term
CLUES FOR DUCHENNE'S MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY? |
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Definition
-X-LINKED RECESSIVE -ONSET BEFORE AGE 5 |
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|
Term
CLUES FOR BECKER'S MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY? |
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Definition
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|
Term
ASCENDING PARALYSIS TWO WEEKS AFTER URI |
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Definition
|
|
Term
CLUES FOR MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY |
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Definition
INCREASED MUSCLE TONE BIRD BEAK FACE CAN NOT LET GO AFTER SHAKING HANDS |
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|
Term
NEUROPATHY IN GLOVE AND STOCKING DISTRIBUTION |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
DISEASE WITH LANCINATING,SHOOTING,STABBING PAIN |
|
Definition
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|
Term
MIDDLE AGED WOMAN WITH OPTIC NEURITIS (EYE PROBLEM) |
|
Definition
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|
Term
MIDDLE AGED WOMAN WITH PTOSIS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
MS EQUIVALENT IN CHILDREN (5-10 YRS) |
|
Definition
METACHROMATIC LEUKODYSTROPHY |
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|
Term
MIDDLE AGED MAN WITH ASCENDING PARALYSIS |
|
Definition
AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS |
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|
Term
ASYMMETRICAL PARALYSIS 2 WEEKS AFTER GASTROENTERITIS |
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Definition
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|
Term
FASCICULATIONS IN A NEONATE |
|
Definition
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|
Term
WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR GUILLAN BARRE? |
|
Definition
INFLAMMATORY POLYRADICULONEUROPATHY |
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|
Term
3 NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES WITH FASCICULATIONS? |
|
Definition
-WERDNIG HOFMAN -POLIO -ALS |
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|
Term
3 NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES THAT CAUSE CEREBELLAR SIGNS? |
|
Definition
-FREDRICK ATAXIA -ATAXIA TELANGECTASIA -ADRENAL LEUKODYSTROPHY |
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Term
FASCIULATIONS ARE A SPECIFIC SIGN OF WHAT? |
|
Definition
LOWER MOTOR NEURONE DAMAGE |
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|
Term
FASCICULATIONS IN A NEW BORN? |
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Definition
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|
Term
FASCICULATIONS IN A MIDDLE AGED MAN? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
FASCICULATIONS 2 WEEKS AFTER GASTROENTERITIS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
CLUES FOR ATAXIA TELANGECTASIA? |
|
Definition
CEREBELLAR SIGNS IN 5-10 YR OLD SPIDER VEINS ON SKIN IGA DEFICIENCY |
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|
Term
CLUES FOR FREDRICKS ATAXIA |
|
Definition
-CEREBELLAR SIGN IN 5-10 YR OLD -RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA -SCOLIOSIS |
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|
Term
CLUES FOR ADRENAL LEUKODYSTROPHY |
|
Definition
PROBLEM METABOLISING LONG CHAIN FATTY ACIDS |
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|
Term
DEFINITION OF CEREBRAL PALSY |
|
Definition
PERMANENT NEUROLOGICAL DAMAGE SUFFERED BEFORE THE AGE OF 21 |
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|
Term
VASCULITIS 2 WEEKS AFTER A COMMON COLD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
VASCULITIS IN SMOKING JEWISH PERSON WITH NECROTISING VASCULITIS |
|
Definition
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|
Term
VASCULITIS WITH FHX OF DEAFNESS AND CATARACT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
2 WEEKS AFTER GASTROENTERITIS STRAWBERRY TONGUE |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
TWO WEEK AFTER ECOLI GASTROENTERITIS |
|
Definition
HUS - HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME |
|
|
Term
FEVER, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, AND NEUROLOGICAL PROBLEMS |
|
Definition
IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIA PURPURA |
|
|
Term
VASCULITS OF MIDSIZE ARTERY PARTICULARLY IN GI AND KIDNEY |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
VASCULITIS WITH SINUSES, LUNGS AND KIDNEY INVOLVEMENT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
LINEAR IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE ON GMB WITH LUNG INVOLVEMENT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
PULMONARY INFILTRATES WITH EOSINOPHILIA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
GLOMERUTLONEPHRITIS TWO WEEKS AFTER SORE THROAT |
|
Definition
POST STREP GLOMERULONEPHRITIS |
|
|
Term
GLOMERULONEPHRITIS TWO WEEKS AFTER VACCINATION |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ANTI-CARDIOLIPIN,ANTI-SM, ANTI-DSDNA ANTIBODIES: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SUBACUTE BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS |
|
|
Term
2 MUSCLE TYPES LEAST AFFECTED BY NEUROMUSCULAR DISESAE? AN WHY? |
|
Definition
SMOOTH MUSCLE AND CARDIAC MUSCLE BECAUSE THEY HAVE AUTONOMICS |
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|
Term
HOW DO YOU DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN MYASTHENIA GRAVIS AND MYASTHENIA SYNDROME? |
|
Definition
MG GETS WEAKER WITH CONTRACTIONS STRONGER WITH EDROPHONIUM TEST MYASTHENIA SYNDROME GETS STRONGER WITH CONTRACTIONS, WEAKER WITH EDROPHONIUM TEST |
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|
Term
WHAT IS THE DEFECT IN MYASTHENIA SYNDROME? |
|
Definition
THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM IS SLOW IN SEQUESTRATION OF CALCIUM LEADING TO STRONGER MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS |
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|
Term
ANOTHER NAME FOR MYASTHENIA SYNDROME? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHAT CANCERS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE FOLLOWING DISEASES? 1- MYASTHENIA SYNDROME |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHAT CANCERS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE FOLLOWING DISEASES? 2- MYASTHENIA GRAVIS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHAT CANCERS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE FOLLOWING DISEASES? 3- DERMATOMYOSITIS |
|
Definition
VISCERAL CANCER MOST COMMON IS A COLON CANCER |
|
|
Term
DEFECT IN DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY |
|
Definition
DEFECT IN THE DYSTROPHIN PROTEIN |
|
|
Term
NAME THE TYPE OF MUTATION 1- EARLY ONSET |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAME THE TYPE OF MUTATION 2- LATE ONSET |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAME THE TYPE OF MUTATION 3- SUBSTITUTION FOR ONE OR TWO BASE |
|
Definition
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|
Term
NAME THE TYPE OF MUTATION 4- MAKES THE SAME PROTEIN |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAME THE TYPE OF MUTATION 5- MAKES A DIFFERENT PROTEIN |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAME THE TYPE OF MUTATION 6- MAKES A STOP CODON |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAME THE TYPE OF MUTATION 7- PURINE TO PURINE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAME THE TYPE OF MUTATION 8- PURINE TO PYRIMIDINE OR PYRIMIDINE TO PURINE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A MYASTHENIA GRAVIS PATIENT TREATED WITH NEOSTIGMINE PRESENTS WITH WEAKNESS , WHAT IS THE COURSE OF ACTION? |
|
Definition
DETERMINE IF THIS IS A WORSENED MG OR CHOLINERGIC CRISIS DUE TO NEOSTIGMINE -REPEAT EDROPHONIUM TEST -IF SYMPTOMS IMPROVE, INCREASE NEOSTIGMINE -IF SYMPTOMS WORSEN , ADMINISTER ATROPINE AND DECREASE NEOSTIGMINE DOSE |
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|
Term
WHAT STRUCTURES DOES FREDRICK'S ATAXIA AFFECT? |
|
Definition
DORSAL COLUMN AND SPINOCEREBELLAR PATHWAY |
|
|
Term
WHAT STRUCTURE DOES ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY AFFECT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
CP THAT AFFECTS LEGS MORE THAN ARMS |
|
Definition
SPASTIC DIPLEGIA (E.G. CMV) |
|
|
Term
CP THAT AFFECTS ONE HALF OF THE BODY MORE THAN THE OTHER |
|
Definition
SPASTIC HEMIPLEGIA (E.G. STROKE, TUMOUR, ETC) |
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|
Term
CP THAT AFFECTS THE BASAL GANGLIA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
CP WHERE THE PATIENT HAS NO TONE TO THE BODY |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
INFECTIONS THAT CAN CAUSE SPASTIC HEMIPLEGIA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHAT CAN CAUSE SPASTIC HEMIPLEGIA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHAT CAN CAUSE CHORIO ATHETOTIC CP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
EXPLAIN THE VASCULITIS CONCEPT: |
|
Definition
1- THE BLOOD VESSELS GET INFLAMED 2- INCREASED WHITE CELLS (T-CELLS AND MACROPHAGES) 3- FOR VASCULITIS THAT ARE ALSO COLLAGEN VASCULAR DISEASE YOU SEE EOSINOPHILS 4- CELLS GET SHREDDED BECAUSE OF INFLAMED VESSEL WALLS->SCHISTOCYTES 5- ANEMIA BECAUSE RED BLOOD CELLS ARE SHREDDED ->LOW ENERGY STATE 6- THROMBOCYTOPENIA BECAUSE PLATELETS ARE SHREDDED->PETECHIAE, PURPURA, BLEEDING FROM MUCOSAL SURFACES. 7- HAPTOGLOBIN WILL BE LOW BECAUSE THIS IS AN INTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS 8- MC SIGN: TACHYPNEA AND DYSPNEA 9- MC SYMPTOM:WEAKNESS AND SOB 10- MC INFECTION:UTI AND PULMONARY 11- MC CAUSE OF DEATH:HEART FAILURE BECAUSE OF INFLAMED CORONARY VESSESLS, EXCEPT LUPUS, THEY DIE OF RENAL FAILURE (BECAUSE THEY DESTROY THEIR KIDNEYS FIRST) 7- |
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|
Term
EXPLAIN THE NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE CONCEPT |
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Definition
1- IT DOESNT MATTER HOW, WHEN YOU HURT A NERVE OF MUSCLE YOU GET WEAKNESS 2- MC SYMPTOMS ARE SAME AS LOW ENERGY STATE:WEAKNESS AND SOB 3- MC SIGN ARE THE SAME AS LOW ENERGY STATE : TACHYPNEA AND DYSPNEA 4- MC INFECTIONS ARE THE SAME AS LOW ENERGY STATE: PULMONARY AND UTI 5- MC CAUSE OF DEATH IS NOT HEART FAILURE BECAUSE THE HEART HAS AUTONOMICS.COD IS RESPIATORY FAILURE. 6- OTHER SYMPTOMS: CONSTIPATION, URINARY RETENSION, IMPOTENCE, HYPOTENSIVE) 7- DIAPHRAGM FAILURE CAUSES PROBLEMS INSPIRING->DECREASED PO2->VASODILATION OF VESSELS IN BRAIN->HEADACHE 8- LOW PO2>VASOCONSTRICTION TO LUNGS->PULMONARY HTN->RVH->S4 |
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|
Term
THE 23 TYPES OF VASCULITIS |
|
Definition
1-BERGER'S 2-BUERGER'S 3-ALPORT'S 4-HENOCH-SCHOLER PUPURA 5-KAWASAKI 6-DIC 7-HUS 8-ITP 9-PAN 10-WEGENER'S 11-GOODPASTURE'S 12-CHURG-STRAUSS 13-PSGN 14-SERUM SICKNESS 15-CRYOGLOBULINEMIA 16-LUPUS 17-SBE 18-MPGN I, II 19-CREST 20-SCLERODERMA 21-PROGRESSIVE SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS (PSS) 22-THEMATIC ARTHRITIS 23-JUVENILE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS |
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|
Term
ONLY VASCULITIS WITH NORMAL PLATELET COUNT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ONLY VASCULITIS WITH HIGH PLATELET COUNT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
CAUSE OF DEATH IN ALL VASCULARITIES IS HEART FAILURE EXCEPT WHICH ONE? FROM WHAT DO THEY DIE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHICH PROTEIN IS DECREASED IN ALL VASCULARITIES? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
WHAT IS CELLULAR RESPONSE SEEN IN ALL VASCULARITIES? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
CLUES FOR ADRENAL LEUKODYSTROPHY |
|
Definition
BABINSKI ELECTROLYTE ABNORMALITY PROBLEM METABOLIZING LONG CHAIN FATTY ACIDS ADRENAL FAILURE |
|
|
Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE VASCULITIS: 1- MUCOSITIS, RASH ON PALMS AND SOLES, CERVICAL LYMPH NODES, TEMP>102 FOR >3 DAYS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE VASCULITIS: 2- FEVER, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, NEUROLOGICAL PROBLEMS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE VASCULITIS: 3- MID-SIZED ARTERIES, (GI AND RENAL), ASSOCIATED WITH HEP B AND P-ANCA |
|
Definition
3- PAN POLY ARTERITIS NODOSA |
|
|
Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE VASCULITIS: 4- ALLERGIC VASCULITIS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE VASCULITIS: 5- CARDIAC INFECTION CAUSED BY STREP VIRIDANS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE VASCULITIS: 6- TRAM TRACK WITH C3 NEPHRITIC FACTORS IN BM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE VASCULITIS: 7- TRAM TRACK WITH LOW COMPLEMENT (DENSE DEPOSIT DISEASE) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE VASCULITIS: 8- MILDEST FORM OF SCLERODERMA- PATCHY INVOLVEMENT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE VASCULITIS: 9- ANTI-SCL70 AND ANTI-SM MUSCLE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE VASCULITIS: 10- SCLERODERMA WITH ORGAN INVOLVEMENT |
|
Definition
10- PROGRESSIVE SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS (PSS) |
|
|
Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE : 11- SYMMETRICAL POLYARTERITIS,WORSE IN THE MORNING, PERIOSLER EROSION ON XRAY |
|
Definition
11- RHEUMATOID ARTHERITIS |
|
|
Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE VASCULITIS: 12- ARTHERITIS WITH IRIDESIS |
|
Definition
12- JUVENILE RHEUMATOID ARTHERITIS |
|
|
Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE VASCULITIS: 13- RA+LEUKOPENIA+SPLENOMEGALY |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE VASCULITIS: 14- RA + GI ULCERS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CLUES NAME THE VASCULITIS: 15- RA + DRY EYES AND DRY MOUTH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAME THE DISEASE: 1- VASCULITIS WITH GI BLEEDING, INTUSSUSCEPTION , NORMAL PLATELET COUNT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
VASCULITIS WHOSE MOST COMMON CAUSE IS SEPSIS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
MOST COMMON CAUSE OF RENAL FAILURE IN KIDS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
VASCULITIS WITH WHICH HEP B IS ASSOCIATED |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
VASRCULITIS THAT CAUSES PULMONARY INFILTRATE WITH EOSINOPHILIA |
|
Definition
CHURG-STRAUSS (ALLERGIC GRANULOMATOSIS) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
MOST COMMON CAUSE OF ARTHRITIS IN A MIDDLE AGED FEMALE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ONLY ARTHRITIS THAT ATTACKS THE SYNOVIUM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CLOSURE OF MITRAL AND TRICUSPID VALVES |
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Term
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Definition
CLOSURE OF MITRAL AND PULMONIC VALVES |
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Term
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Definition
VOLUME OVERLOAD DILATION DECOMPENSATION |
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Term
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Definition
PRESSURE OVERLOAD HYPERTROPHY COMPENSATION |
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Term
WHAT PRODUCES AN S2 SPLIT? |
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Definition
DELAYED CLOSING OF THE PULMONIC VALVE |
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Term
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Definition
-INCREASED OXYGENATION -INCREASED VENTRICULAR VOLUME -DELAYED PULMONARY CLOSURE |
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Term
NARROW S2 SPLITTING MEANS |
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Definition
DECREASED VOLUME IN THE LUNGS |
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Term
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Definition
MITRAL REGURG TRICUSPID REGURG VSD |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
CONTINUOUS MURMUR MACHINE LIKE MURMUR |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
THE SYSTOLIC COMPONENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE REPRESENTS ? |
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Definition
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Term
THE DIASTOLIC COMPONENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE REPRESENTS? |
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Definition
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Term
EJECTION CLICK REPRESENTS? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
WHAT FACTOR PRODUCES MURMURS? |
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Definition
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Term
DO RIGHT HEART SOUNDS GET LOUDER ON INSPIRATION OR EXPIRATION? |
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Definition
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Term
DOES LEFT HEART SOUND GET LOUDER ON INSPIRATION OR EXPIRATION? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
AGE <30 YO - BICUSPID VALVE |
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Term
MCC OF AORTIC REGURGITATION |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE ENDOCARDITIS COLLAGEN DISEASE |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
MCC TRICUSPID REGURGITATION |
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Definition
ACUTE ENDOCARDITIS (MC IV DRUG ABUSE) |
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Term
MCC PULMONARY STENOSIS AND PULMONARY REGURGITATION |
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Definition
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Term
CLUES FOR AORTIC STENOSIS |
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Definition
HEAD BOBBING QUINKE'S PULSE WIDE PULSE PRESSURE WATERHAMMER PULSE |
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Term
WHAT IS THE NORMAL PULSE PRESSURE? |
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Definition
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Term
HOW CAN YOU ACCENTUATE AORTIC STENOSIS? |
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Definition
-LEAN FORWARD - MAKE A FIST - BLOW UP A BP CUFF - SQUAT |
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Term
HOW DO YOU ACCENTUATE IHSS |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-ATHLETE WHO PASSES OUT -HARSH SYRSTOLIC MURMUR -PULSUS BIFERIENS -DISORGANISED MYOFIBRILS ON BIOPSY |
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Term
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Definition
THE INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM IS TOP HEAVY AND FALLS INTO THE VENTRICLE PREVENTING IT FROM EMPTYING DURING SYSTOLE |
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Term
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Definition
AORTIC REGURGITATION PULMONIC REGURGITATION |
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Term
DIASTOLIC RUMBLING MURMUR |
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Definition
MITRAL STENOSIS TRICUSPID STENOSIS |
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Term
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Definition
AORTIC STENOSIS PULMONIC STENOSIS |
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Term
WHAT ARE THE TWO MAIN TYPES OF EFFUSION? |
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Definition
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Term
WHICH TYPE OF EFFUSION IS MAINLY WATER AND WHICH TYPE IS MAINLY PROTEIN? |
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Definition
TRANSUDATE IS MAINLY WATER EXUDATE IS MAINLY PROTEIN |
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Term
WHAT ARE THE MAIN CAUSES OF A TRANSUDATE? |
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Definition
INCREASED HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE |
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Term
WHAT ARE THE TWO DISEASES THAT CAUSE INCREASED BODY FLUID AND LEAD TO A TRANSUDATE? |
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Definition
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Term
WHAT TWO DISEASES CAUSE DECREASE IN BODY FLUID AND LEAD TO A TRANSUDATE? |
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Definition
CIRRHOSIS NEPHROTIC SYNDROME |
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Term
WHAT IS THE MAIN CAUSE OF AN EXUDATE? |
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Definition
DECREASE IN ONCOTIC PRESSURE |
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Term
WHAT CAUSES PURULENT EXUDATES? |
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Definition
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Term
WHAT CAUSES GRANULOMATOUS EXUDATES? |
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Definition
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Term
WHAT CAUSES CASEATING EXUDATES? |
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Definition
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Term
WHAT CAUSES FIBRINOUS EXUDATES? |
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Definition
-COLLAGEN VASCULAR DISEASE -UREMIA -TB |
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Term
WHAT CAUSED HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES? |
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Definition
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Term
MCC OF RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY? |
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Definition
-COLLAGEN VASCULAR DISEASE -AMYLOIDOSIS -HEMOCHROMATOSIS |
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Term
MCC OF CONSTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY? |
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Definition
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Term
MC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE |
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Definition
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Term
MC CYANOTIC HEART DISEASE AT 1 MONTH? |
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Definition
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Term
LIST 9 CYANOTIC HEART DISEASES |
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Definition
1-TRINCUS ARTERIOSIS 2-TRANSPOSITION 3-TRICUSPID ATRESIA 4-TETRALOGY 5-TOTAL ANOMALOUS VENOUS RETURN 6-PULMONARY ATRESIA 7-AORTIC ATRESIA 8-HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART 9-EPSTEIN ANOMALY |
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Term
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Definition
RIB NOTCHING ON XRAY DIFFERENTIAL PULSES DIFFERENTIAL CYANOSIS |
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Term
CLUES FOR TETRALOGY OF FALLOT |
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Definition
I-INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT - VSD H- HYPERTROPHIC LEFT HEART O- OVER RIDING AORTA P- PULMONARY STENOSIS BLUE WHEN FEEDING PINK WHEN CRIES CHILD SQUATS WHILE PLAYING |
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Term
CLUES FOR TRUNCUS ARTERIOSUS |
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Definition
SPIRAL MEMBRANE DID NOT DEVELOP |
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Term
CLUES FOR EPSTEIN ANOMALY |
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Definition
PREGNANT MOM RX WITH LITHIUM TRICUSPID VALVE DEVELOPED IN RIGHT VENTRICLE |
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Term
CLUES FOR TOTAL ANOMALOUS VENOUS RETURN |
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Definition
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Term
WHAT COMPONENT OF TETRALOGY OF FALLOT DETERMINES THE PROGNOSIS? |
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Definition
THE DEGREE OF PULMONARY STENOSIS |
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Term
WHAT TWO FACTORS ARE USED TO DETERMINE WHETHER FLUID IS TRANSUDATE OR EXUDATE? |
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Definition
PROTEIN <2G -> TRANSUDATE SG < 1.012 -> TRANSUDATE |
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