Term
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Definition
| The study of the functions of the body and its structures |
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Term
| How is physiology usually studied? |
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Definition
| studied in divisions(systemic), |
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Term
| list what levels of the body physiology is studied |
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Definition
Chemical/molecular, cellular, tissue,
organ, organ system,organismal |
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Term
| list and describe the body's survival needs |
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Definition
nutrients(carbs,prot.,lipids,nuc acids)
oxygen
water
body temp(98.6,37)
atmospheric pressure
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Term
| list the necessary life functions |
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Definition
maintain boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, growth,reproduction
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Term
what is homeostasis and list the three
components of controlloing it |
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Definition
homeostasis means wisdom of the body
receptor
control center
effector |
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Term
what are the two types of
feed back systems, explain |
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Definition
neg( output from effector decreases
intensity, thermostat)
positive (response from the effector
increases intensity, childbirth) |
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Term
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Definition
| anything that takes up space |
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Term
| what are the three types of matter |
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Definition
solid(defined shape and volume)
liquid(has volume no constant shape)
gas(will expand ind can measure in cont.) |
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Term
| what are the two types of energy? |
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Definition
kinetic(energy of motion)
potential(stored energy) |
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Term
| what are the four forms of energy? |
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Definition
chemical(associated with elements,
energy is in the bonds)
electrical(the movement og charged particles)
mechanical(physical movement)
radiant, or electromagnetic(waves, light energy) |
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Term
| what are the major elements found in the body |
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Definition
oxygen65%
carbon18%
hydrogen10%
nitrogen3%
trace elements<2% |
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Term
what is the difference between a molecule
and a compound? |
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Definition
molecule- two or more atoms bonded together
compound- two or more different
atoms bonded together
ex. h2 molecule, h20 molecule and compound |
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Term
| what are the three types of bonds? |
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Definition
covalent-electrons are shared
ionic-complete electron transfer
hydrogen-partial charges associated
with hydrogen atoms |
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Term
| where would you find hydrogen bonds? |
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Definition
| between two strands forming dna, between water molecules, within a protien to maintain three dimensional shape. |
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Term
what unique properties does hydrogen
bonding give to water? |
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Definition
surface tension and temperature
stabilization |
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Term
| describe solute and solvent |
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Definition
solute- substance that are disolved in solution
solvent- substance preent in the greatest
quantity of a solution and is usually liquid
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Term
| what are the three types of mixtures? |
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Definition
solutions-homogenous, wont sttlenor scatter light
suspension heterogeneous , will settle
colloid, emulsions- heterogeneous,dont settle will scatter light, undergo sol gel transformation |
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Term
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Definition
| 6.02x1023 atoms of a substance |
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Term
| name the importan properties of water |
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Definition
a) polar
b)high heat of capacity due to h
bonds can absorb heat
c)high heat of vaporization
d)cohesion surface tension
e)reactivity allows for hydrolysis and
dehydration reactions to occur |
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Term
| list how chemicals can react |
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Definition
synthesis(combination)-forms bonds between
two reactants also anabolic
decomposition-breaks bonds catabolic
displacement(exchange)-both synthesis and decomposition broken down and rearranged |
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Term
| oxidation-reduction reaction |
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Definition
leo ger
lose electron oxidized
gain electon reduced |
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Term
what factors effect the rate in
which reactions occur? |
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Definition
temp- higher increases untill denature then shuts down
concentration- more likely to contact each other
particle size- smaller molecules move
faster to find each other
catalyst- enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
the number of h+ ion concentration
in a solution |
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Term
| what makes thing more acidic |
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Definition
| the more h+ the more acidic |
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Term
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Definition
acid-chemical that donates a h+
base- chemical that absorbs a h+
buffers-week acids or bases that can
donate or remove h+ so that large
fluctuations of ph dont happen |
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Term
| what is the purpose of carbs? |
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Definition
primarily a fuel source,also found on dna or
on surface of cell for signaling
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Term
| list the different monomers and polymers of carbohydrates in the body |
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Definition
monomers are simple carbs monosacharids
fructose glucose
polymers are monomers linke together two are disacharrides sucrose three or more are polysacharides glycogen and cellulose |
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Term
| what is the purpose of lipids |
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Definition
energy storage
insulation
structure
hormones(steroids from cholesterol) |
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Term
| what are the three types of lipids found in the body? |
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Definition
| triglycerides, ohospholipids, steroids |
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Term
| describe saturated lipids |
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Definition
| saturated means that all of the bonds on the fatty acid are single monounsaturated would have one double bond polyunsaturated means that two or more are double (liquid at room temp |
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Term
| what is the structure of a phospholipid? |
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Definition
polar hydrophilic head and
two nonpolar hydrophobic tails |
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Term
| what are the four levels of protein structure? |
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Definition
primary-linear chain
secondary-one fold alpha helix or beta pleat
tertiary secondary folded on itself into globular
quaternary two or more tertiarys chemical bonded
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Term
what are the building blocks of nucleic acids
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Definition
| nucleotides made of sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base. adenine thymine guanin cytosine |
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