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| branch of science that deals with the compisiton of matter, and how the compistion changes |
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anything that has weight and takes up space(made up of elements)
H2O=water,ice, steam/vapor |
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| the simplest part of matter that cannot be simplified (made up of atoms) |
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| have the same amount of (+) and (-) charges until a bond occurs |
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| the result of the interaction among electrons |
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Level 1: holds 2 (-)
Level 2: holds 8 (-)
Level 3: hold 8 (-) |
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Definition
| when two or more atoms of the same type bond together |
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| when two or more different atoms bond together |
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Definition
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| a positively charged ion (+) |
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Definition
| a particle with a neagative charge (-) |
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Definition
Ionic Bonds
Covalent Bonds
Hydrogen Bonds |
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Definition
| when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another [held together by the attraction b/t (+) & (-)] |
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Definition
| very strong, formed when two atoms share a pair of elctrons |
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Definition
| very weak, the more H+ ions present the stronger the bond (strength in numbers) |
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Definition
| making and or breaking bonds |
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| Chemical Reactions [Reactants] |
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Definition
| present before chemical reactions |
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| Chemical Reactions [Products] |
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Definition
| present after chemical reaction |
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| Types of Chemical Reactions |
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Definition
Synthesis Reaction
Decompistion Reaction
Exchange Reaction
Reversable Reaction |
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Definition
when two or more atoms/molecules build into larger molecules/compounds
(anabolic reaction)
A+B ---> AB |
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Definition
when a large molecule/compound breaks down into atoms/molecules
(catabolic reaction)
AB ---> A+B |
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Definition
when you go through Decompisition Reaction, then Synthesis Reaction, and exchange atoms/molecules/compunds
AB+CD ---> AC+BD |
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Definition
can be either built up or broken down
(if both reactions are of the same arrow distance it is in equilibrium)
A+B---><--- AB |
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Definition
| breaks apart in a solution (disassociation) and release H+ ions |
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Definition
| removes H+ ions out of a solution, diassociates and realeases OH- (hydroxol ions) |
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Definition
| measures the H+ & OH- of a solution |
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Definition
| the more H+ ions the more acidic and the lower the pH level |
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| pH of Scale [Basic/Alkaline] |
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Definition
| the lower the H+ ions the more basic and the higher the pH level |
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Definition
7.0 Distilled H2O
7.4 Human Blood |
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Definition
| made up of C (carbon) and H (hydrogen), and usually contain O (oxygen) [carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids] |
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Definition
CHO(carbohydrates)
Lipids
Proteins |
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Definition
| 1:2:1 contains glucose which is the starting point for making energy |
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Definition
| fats made of CHO, & have a lot less O (an energy reserve) |
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Definition
| most basic structural unit, CHON + S, are amino acids which are the building blocks |
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Definition
Support
Movement
Transportaion
Metabolic Regulation
Coordination,Communication & Control (3C)
Defense |
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| Protein Function (Support) |
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Definition
| structural proteins give cell 3D shape, hold organelles in place |
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Protein Function (Movement)
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Definition
| contractile proteins found in muscle cells |
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Protein Function (Transportation)
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| found in blood, & moves things across a cell |
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Protein Functions (Metabolic Regulation)
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Definition
| enzymes allow faster chemical reactions |
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Protein Function (Coordination, Communication, & Control)
[3C] |
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Definition
| hormones that are based with protein |
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Protein Function (Defense)
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Definition
| protects skin by making it water proof with antibodies, clotting proteins |
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Strucutre of Proteins
(Amino Acids) |
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| building blocs, over 20 various forms can be found in the body |
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Structure of Protein
(Denaturation) |
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Definition
heating up a protein that will alter it's shape, and alter it's function
(egg whites) |
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Definition
| the catalyst that causes every chemical reaction in the body, makes chemical reactions faster |
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Term
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Definition
Substrate
Active Sites
Product
Activation |
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Term
| Enzyme Action (Substrate) |
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Definition
| the target for enzyme action |
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| Enzyme Action (Active Sites) |
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Definition
| on all enzymes, where the substrates place/land/fit |
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Definition
| ending result of chemical reaction |
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| Enzyme Action (Activation Energy) |
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Definition
| enzymes lower this{more detailed definition} |
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Term
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Definition
| Substrate Molecule(s) + Enzyme Molecule = Enzyme Substrate Molecule = Product =Unchanged Enzyme |
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