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| when both federal and state courts have authority over a matter. |
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| President, head of the executive branch of government. |
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| authority to hear the appeal of a lower court decision |
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| reduction of the severity of a punishment |
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| action by Congress reprimanding one of its members for misconduct |
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| legislation declaring a person guilty of a crime without a trial. |
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| first step toward removing a politician from office |
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| forbidden practice under American law making a new law apply to an action that was not a crime when the act was committed |
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| jurisdiction by only one court, expecially the supreme court |
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| especially the power of the Supreme Court to declare a law of judicial decision unconstitutional. |
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| power of a court to hear a case for the first time |
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| agreement between the president and a foreign leader not requiring approval of the Senate |
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| protection from government or law |
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| powers of a legislature besides making laws, such as impeaching the president |
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| regulation from the president that has the power of law |
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| role of the president as head of his or her political party |
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| State of the Union Address |
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| annual report to the Congress and nation by the president |
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| part of the government, headed by the president, that carries out the laws |
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| suspension or postponement of punishment or other harm |
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| document requiring that the detention of a person be justified |
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| forgiving crimes and their punishments. |
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| provisions for handing over presidential power should the president have to leave office. |
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| banishment, for example, of a Congressman from Congress. |
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