Term
| Chromosome Theory of Inheritance (def) |
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Definition
- Mendelian genes have specific loci on chromosomes
- Chromosomes undergo segregation and independent assortment |
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Term
Wild type (def)
Mutant phenotypes (def) |
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Definition
- Normal phenotypes; typically found in wild/natural individuals of a species
- Traits alternative to the wild type |
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Term
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Definition
| Two different sex chromosomes, homozygous is one gender, heterozygous is another gender |
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Term
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Definition
- A gene located on either sex chromosome
- Sex chromosomes have genes unrelated to sex
- In humans, sex-linked usually refers to the X chromosome |
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Term
| Sex-linked disorders on X |
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Definition
- Color Blindness
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- Hemophilia |
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Term
| X Inactivation in Mammalian Females |
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Definition
- One of the two X chromosomes in each cell is randomly inactivated during embryonic development
- Inactive condenses in Barr body |
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Term
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Definition
| Genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together |
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Term
| Genetic Recombination (def) |
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Definition
| The production of offspring with combinations of traits differing from either parent |
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Term
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Definition
- Occurs on homologous chromosomes
- Incomplete linkage of genes even on same chromosomes
- Genes that are farther apart increases probability that a crossover will occur
- Bits of DNA trade between homologous chromosomes during Prophase I in meiosis |
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Term
Genetic Map (def)
Linkage Map (def)
Map Units (def) |
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Definition
Genetic Map - an ordered list of the genetic loci along a particular chromosome
Linkage Map - a genetic map of a chromosome based on recombination frequencies
Map Unit - Distances between genes can be expressed as map units; one map unit, or centimorgan, represents a 1% recombination frequency |
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Term
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Definition
| When pairs of homologous chromosomes do not separate normally during meiosis |
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Term
Aneuploidy (def)
Monosomic (def)
Trisomic (def) |
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Definition
- Results from fertilization of gametes in which nondisjunction occured
- Abnoormal number of a particular chromosome
- Monosomic: one copy of a particular chromosome
- Trisomic: three copies of a chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
- Condition in which an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes
–Triploidy (3n) is three sets of chromosomes
–Tetraploidy (4n) is four sets of chromosomes
- Polyploidy is common in plants, but not animals
- Polyploids are more normal in appearance than aneuploids |
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Term
Deletion (def)
Duplication (def)
Inversion (def)
Translocation (def) |
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Definition
Del - removes a chromosomal segment
Dup - repeats a segment
Inv - reverses a segment within a chromosome
Trans - moves a segment from one chromosome to another |
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Term
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Definition
- Phenotype depends on which parent passed along the alleles for those traits
- Silencing of certain genes during gamete production |
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