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Life 103 Exam 2
Exam 2
45
Biology
Undergraduate 1
03/09/2014

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Term
Largest family of angiosperms
Definition
Orchids
Term
Simple flesh fruit
Definition
Berries and Drupes
Term
Aggreagate fruit
Definition
Single flower w/ multiple carpels such as blackberries or rasberries
Term
angiosperm
Definition
non naked seed-fruit protection
Term
gymnosperm
Definition
naked seed
Term
Drupe
Definition
contains fleshy exocarp and mesocarp.

Hard endocarp
Term
taproot system
Definition
one main root
Term
fiberous roots
Definition
lateral roots w/ no main roots
Term
prop roots
Definition
aerial roots, add structural support
Term
strangling roots
Definition
grow around objects that support the plant
Term
Pneumatophores
Definition
roots that rise in the air, have pores for gas exchange
Term
Haustorial roots
Definition
absorb water and nutrients from other plants
Term
corm
Definition
modified stem, Short underground storage stem
Term
Stolon
Definition
–Horizontal stem
–At the ground surface or just underground
–Adventitious roots
–Produces clone at the end of the stem
–Examples
•Strawberry
•Many grasses
Term
Bulbs
Definition
–Underground stems
–Modified leaves
•Storage when dormant
–Examples
•Garlic
•Onion
Term
petiole
Definition
attachment between a leaf and the stem
Term
Three types of plant tissue
Definition
–Dermal
–Ground
–Vascular
Term
dermal tissue system
Definition
the outer protective layer covering plants
Term
vascular tissue system
Definition
A transport system
formed by xylem and phloem throughout a
vascular plant.
Term
xylem
Definition
transports water and minerals
Term
pholem
Definition
transports sugars
Term
ground tissue system
Definition
Plant tissues that are neither
vascular nor dermal, fulfilling a variety of
functions, such as storage, photosynthesis, and
support.
Term
carnivorous plants
Definition
-use enzymes to digest prey
-lack nitrogen in soil
Term
5 generals types of plant cells
Definition
–Parenchyma
–Collenchyma
–Sclerenchyma
–Water-conducting cells of the xylem
–Sugar-conducting cells of the phloem
Term
ground tissues are composed of...
Definition
–Parenchyma
–Collenchyma
–Sclerenchyma
Term
primary growth
Definition
Growth produced by apical
meristems, lengthening stems and roots.
Term
secondary growth
Definition
Growth produced by lateral
meristems, thickening the roots and shoots of
woody plants.
Term
monocot
Definition
only has primary growth
Term
dicot
Definition
has both primary and secondary growth
Term
Heliotropic
Definition
plant moves in coordination with the sun
Term
Soil particles differentiated by size, smallest to largest:
Definition
–Clay
–Silt
–Sand
Term
Rhizosphere
Definition
•The layer of soil bound to the plant’s roots
•The rhizosphere has high microbial activity because of sugars,
Term
Rhizobacteria
Definition
–Produce hormones that stimulate plant growth
–Produce antibiotics that protect roots from disease
–Absorb toxic metals
–Make nutrients more available to roots
Term
transgenic plant
Definition
genetically modified plant to express genes of another organism
Term
Second messengers
Definition
transfer and amplify signals from receptors to proteins that cause responses
Term
phototropism
Definition
a plant’s response to light
Term
auxin
Definition
any chemical that promotes elongation of coleoptiles
Term
Cytokinins
Definition
stimulate cytokinesis (cell division)
Term
Stem Elongation
Definition
Gibberellins stimulate growth of leaves and stems
Term
Brassinosteroids
Definition
-chemically similar to the sex hormones of animals
-induce cell elongation and division in stem segments
Term
Abscisic Acid (ABA)
Definition
Slows growth
Seed dormancy
Term
Ethylene induces the....
Definition
triple response
Term
triple response causes
Definition
slowing of stem elongation
thickening of the stem
horizontal growth
Term
apoptosis
Definition
the programmed destruction of cells, organs, or whole plants
Term
apoptosis is caused by...
Definition
burst of ethylene
(one bad apple ruins the bunch)
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