Term
| what is the study of human development? |
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Definition
| the science that seeks to understand how & why people change, & how & why they remain the same, as they grow older |
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Term
| What are the 5 characteristics of development? |
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Definition
Multidirectional-change not always linear, gains & losses
Multicontextual-human life must be understood as embedded in mnay contexts
Multicultural-many cultural settings, each w/ a distinct set of values, traditions & tools for living
Multidisciplinary-many academic fields, psychology, biology, education, ect. contribute data to science of development
Plastic-every individual, every trait w/in can be altered at any point in the life span |
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Term
| What are the three domains human development are separated? |
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Definition
biosocial-includes physical growth & development as well as family, community, & cultural factors that affect growth & development
cognitive-mental processes, which individual thinks, learns, & communicates, plus institutions involved
psychosocial-emotions, personality characteristics, & relationships w/ other people. also community & culture |
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Term
| What are the 3 contexts that affect development? |
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Definition
Historic-period when you were born affects your lives & thoughts
Socioeconomic-influences the social interactions & opportunities a person might have
Cultural-values, assumptions, customs that are maintained by a group affects you choices |
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Term
| What are the steps of the scientific method? |
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Definition
1. formulate a research questions-pose a question
2. develop a hypothesis-predict what will happen
3. test the hypothesis-conduct research that will provide evidence(data)
4. draw conclusions-support or refute the hypothesis
5. make the finding available-for other scientists to evaluate and test |
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Term
| What are controversies that echo throughout the study of development? |
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Definition
Nature/Nurture-how much & which aspects of development affected by genes & how much by environment
continuity/discontinuity-how much of human growth builds gradually on previous development, & how much transformation occurs suddenly
difference/deficit-when difference is considered diversity to be celebrated & when considered a problem to correct |
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Term
| What is scientific observation? |
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Definition
| the unobtrusive watching & recording of subjects behavior, eith in the lab or in a natural setting |
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Term
| limitation of observation? |
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Definition
| does not indicate what causes the behavior observed |
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Term
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Definition
| relation between two variable such that one is likely to occur when the other occurs or is likely to increase(decreases) when other increases(decreases) |
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Term
| when is a correlation positive & negative? |
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Definition
positive if occurrence of one variable makes it more likely that the other will occur
negative if the occurrence of one makes it less likely that the other will occur |
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Term
| What are the components of an experiment? |
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Definition
independent variable-variable that is added or changed in an experiment
dependent variable-variable that might change as a result of changing or adding the independent variable in and experiment(response) |
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Term
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Definition
| research method in which info is collected from a large # of peopole, through written questionnaires or personal interviews |
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Term
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Definition
| research method that focuses on the life history, attitudes, behavior, & emotions of a single individual |
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Term
| what are the research designs? |
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Definition
cross-sectional research-groups of people, diff from other in age, similar in other ways, are compared
longitudinal research-same people studied over long time to measure both change & stability as they age
cross-sequential research-combines cross-sectional & longitudinal research. |
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