Term
Define: Synapses
Define: Synaptogenesis |
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Definition
Synapses: Connections between neurons
Synaptogenesis: Creation of synapses followed by a period of synaptic pruning to make the nervous system more efficient |
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Term
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Definition
| Myelin covers individual axons and electrically insulates them from one another, improving the conductivity of the nerve |
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Term
| When do primitive reflexes disappear? |
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Definition
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Term
Which 4 of 6 senses are well developed at birth? |
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Definition
| Hearing, taste, touch, and smell |
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Term
Pre-term is less than how many weeks?
& Post-term is more than how many weeks? |
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Definition
Pre-term is less than 32 weeks
Post-term is more the 42 weeks |
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Term
| What are the 3 key factors in a child developing SIDS |
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Definition
-Sleeping in a prone position (on their front) or on their side.
-Smoking during pregnancy or 2nd hand smoke after birth.
-Quilts, duvets, pillows, soft toys, or crib bumbers that may cover the infants head |
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Term
| SIDS is higher in what 2 groups? |
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Definition
Male babies
Low income babies |
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Term
| Define: Primitive reflexes |
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Definition
Reflexes controlled by primitive parts of the brain.
Disapear by about 6 months of age |
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Term
Define: Intersensory Integration
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Definition
The coordination of information from 2 or more senses
Example is expired food: looks green, smells bad |
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Term
| Define: Cross-Modal Transfer |
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Definition
Cross-Modal Transfer: The transfer of information from one sense to another.
Example: Infant hears a cat and knows its a cat and what it looks like |
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Term
| Define: Adaptive reflexes |
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Definition
Adaptive Reflexes: Reflexes such as sucking that help the newborn survive; some adaptive reflexes persist through life |
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Term
| Define: Reticularm formation |
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Definition
| The part of the brain that regulates attention |
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Term
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Definition
Visual acuity is the ability to see at a distance
-Poor at first but develops rapidly. Near object are seen clearly |
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Term
| Define: Tracking-Motion parrallax |
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Definition
Tracking-Motion parrallax is the process of following a moving object
-initally inefficient but improves rapidly |
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Term
What colour vision is clearly present in an infant at 1 month?
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When is an infants colour vision the same level as an adults? |
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Definition
Red, Green & Blue are clearly present at 1 month
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An infants colour vision is the same as an adults at 4-6 months of age. |
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Term
| What are 3 points of a newborns auditory acuity? |
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Definition
-Newborns hear adult voices well
-High pitched noises need to be loud to be heard
-Infants can locate the direction of some sounds at birth |
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Term
| What is one key point of a newborns taste and one key point of smell? |
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Definition
-Newborns react differently to each basic taste as early as birth
-Smell has nearly unlimited variations |
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Term
| What is the 1 key point of touch and motion in newborns? |
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Definition
| -It is the best developed of all senses |
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Term
| What is the Innate (nativist) aspect of explaining perceptual development? |
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Definition
| Newborns have very impressive sensory capabilities |
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Term
| What is the experiential aspect of explaining perceptual development? |
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Definition
| Some minimum exposure to sensory stimuli is required for normal development |
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Term
| In regards to perceptual development what is Habituation? |
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Definition
| Habitation is to decrease ones attention because the object has become familiar |
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Term
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Definition
| Dishabituation: Learning to respond to a familiar stimulus as if were new |
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Term
Explain what Skinner proposed about his operant conditioning and language development.
What proved his proposal wrong? |
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Definition
Skinner proposed a behaviorist explanation of language development. Children baby talk "babble" and only correct grammer is reinforced and in-correct grammer is extinguished through non reinforcement.
Skinners theory was proved wrong because parents often reinforce all "baby talk" regardless if its correct or not. |
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Term
| Whats the difference between binocular cues and monocular cues? |
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Definition
Binocular cues use both eyes and help with depth perception. The closer the object is the more the view from two eyes differs. Information from the eye muscles tells about distance.
Monocular Cues use one eye. These cues focus on Interposition: one object in front of another
Linear perspective: Lines get closer as they get farther away.
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Term
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Definition
| Kinetic cues are motion from objects or the eyes |
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Term
Regarding visual skills and objects and patterns
What do babies initially do?
At 2 months what do they do
At 3-4 months? |
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Definition
Babies initially scan for light/dark contrast
At 2 months, scan entire objects to identify things
At 3-4 can identify patterns |
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Term
| What are the 4 points of babies discriminating individual voices? |
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Definition
Newborns can discriminate mother's voice from another female but not the fathers from another male
Mothers voice is preferred
Babies learn this in utero
Newborns recognize categories of songs, and well as knowing who the singer is singing to |
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Term
| What are the 4 points of babies discriminating speech sounds? |
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Definition
-At 1 month, can discriminate between single syllables such as pa & ba
-At 6 months can discriminate between two-syllable words, & recognize melodies
-By 3 months, recognize the sound despite who says it (male, female, young or old) and between "real" & "nonsense" words
-At 6 months, can distinguish sound contrasts in any language; by 1 year old this ability fades due to neuronal pruning |
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