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Definition
| A writing system containing characters or symbols representing sounds. |
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| Alphabetic Layer of Instruction |
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Definition
| Knowing letters of the alphabet and knowing that letters are used for writing. |
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Definition
| understanding that letters represent speech sounds and that spoken words can be written down by combining letters that code sounds. |
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Definition
| An approach to phonics instruction that separates a whole word into its constituent parts for further study. |
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Definition
| Perceived by the ear, through listening. |
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Definition
| Ability to respond or react without attention or conscious effort. |
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Definition
| An oversize book, usually picture book, used by the teacher for reading to a group; its large size allows children to follow the print and attend to words, letters, and sounds. |
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Definition
| The ability to match spoken words to printed words as demonstrated by the ability to point to the words of a memorized text while reading. This demonstration must include one or more two-syllable words. |
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Definition
| The ability to translate the alphabet letters into recognizable sounds (the letter "f" makes the /F/ sound) |
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Definition
| A process of recognizing unfamiliar written words by sequentially segmenting the sounds represented by the letters of the word and then by blending the sounds into a meaningful word. |
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Term
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Definition
| Text that is written at the independent reading level of a student; for the text to be decodable the student should be able to read 95%-100% of the words independently, with no more than one error per word. |
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Term
| Emergent Period of Literacy Development |
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Definition
| A period of literacy development ranging from birth to beginning reading. This period corresponds to the Preliterate stage of spelling development. |
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Term
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Definition
| In spelling, a process by which students segment sounds of a word, translate each phoneme into its corresponding letter, and then spell the word. |
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Term
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Definition
The ease with which students translate print into speech.
(Prosody, Accuracy, and Pace) |
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Term
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Definition
| A dysfunctional level of instruction where there is a mismatch between instruction and what an individual is able to grasp. This mismatch preludes learning and often results in frustration. |
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Term
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Definition
| A letter or letter cluster representing a single speech sound. |
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Definition
The level of academic engagement in which an individual works independently, without need of instructional support.
Independent behaviors demonstrate a high degree of accuracy, speed, ease, and fluency. |
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Term
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Definition
| A level of academic engagement in which instruction is comfortably matched to what an individual is able to grasp. |
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Term
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Definition
| The onset of a single syllable or word is the initial consonant(s) sound. The onset of the word, "sun" is /s/. |
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Term
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Definition
| The smallest unit of speech that distinguishes one word from another. For example the /t/ in "tug." In English some phonemes are represented by combinations of letters and some letters represent more than one phoneme (c,g,a,e...) |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the ability to consciously attend to individual sounds in a spoken language. (breaking apart words into sounds). It is often assessed by the ability to tap or push a penny forward for every sound heard. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blending individual sounds to make a word. For example /t/o/p/ top. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of separating sounds within a word. For example "top" = /t/o/p/ |
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Definition
| The study of speech sounds, how they are produced, how the are perceived, and what their physical properties are. |
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Definition
| The "umbrella term." The knowledge that sentences are made up of words, and words are made up of parts. |
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Definition
| The rhythmic and intonational aspect of language. |
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Term
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Definition
| A rime is a unit composed of the vowel and any following consonants within a syllable. For example the rime in "tag" would be -ag |
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Definition
| The process of separating spoken sentences or words into component parts-Sentences into words, words into syllables and phonemes. |
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Definition
| Words that are recognized automatically without the reader having to sound them out. |
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Term
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Definition
| A predetermined sequence of instruction moving from simple to complex. Characterized by frequent cumulative review. |
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Term
| Zone of Proximal Development |
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Definition
| Vygotsky: refers to the ripe conditions for learning something new. The zone which is neither to hard nor too easy. Similar to instructional level. |
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