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Literary Terms
Fall Final 2011
85
Literature
Undergraduate 1
12/06/2011

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Term
Allegory
Definition
a story illustrating an idea or a moral principle in which objects take on symbolic meanings
Term
alliteration
Definition
used for poetic effect, a repetition of the initial sounds of several words in a group
Term
allusion
Definition
a reference in one literary work to a character or theme found in another literary work
Term
antagonist
Definition
a person or force which opposes the protagonist in a literary work
Term
apostrophe
Definition
a poetic form of direct address to a person or thing that can't answer
Term
aside
Definition
a device in which a character in a drama makes a short speech which is heard by the audience but not by other characters in the play
Term
assonance
Definition
the repetition of vowel sounds in a literary work, especially in a poem
Term
ballad
Definition
a story in poetic form, often about tragic love and usually sung
Term
blank verse
Definition
a poem written in unrhymed iambic pentameter
Term
cacaphony
Definition
an unpleasant combination of sounds
Term
euphony
Definition
a pleasant combination of sounds
Term
caesura
Definition
a pause within a line of poetry which may or may not affect the metrical count
Term
carpe diem
Definition
a latin phrase which translated means "seize the day," meaning make the most of today
Term
character
Definition
a person, or any thing presented as a person, example: a spirit, object, animal, or natural force, in a literary work
Term
characterization
Definition
the method a writer uses to reveal the personality of a character in a literary work
Term
climax
Definition
the decisive moment in a drama, the climax is the turning point of the play to which the rising action leads
Term
comedy
Definition
a literary work which is amusing and ends happily (often with a wedding or feast)
Term
conceit
Definition
a far-fetched simile or metaphor, a literary conceit occurs when the speaker compares two highly dissimilar things
Term
(denouement) resolution
Definition
the point in a drama to which the entire play has been leading
Term
conflict
Definition
in the plot of a drama, conflict occurs when the protagonist is opposed by some person or force in the play
Term
connotation
Definition
emotional content of a word
Term
denotation
Definition
dictionary definition of a word
Term
couplet
Definition
a stanza of two lines, usually rhyming
Term
dialogue
Definition
in drama, a conversation between characters
Term
dramatic monologue
Definition
in literature, the occurrence of a single speaker saying something to a silent audience
Term
elegy
Definition
a lyric poem lamenting death
Term
epic
Definition
in literature generally, a major work dealing with an important theme
Term
epigraph
Definition
a brief quotation which appears at the beginning of a literary work
Term
epithet
Definition
in literature, a word of phrase preceding or following a name which serves to describe the character
Term
euphemism
Definition
a mild word of phrase which substitutes for another which would be undesirable because it is too direct, unpleasant, or offensive
Term
exposition
Definition
in drama, the presentation of essential information regarding what has occurred prior to the beginning of the play
Term
falling action
Definition
the falling action is the series of events which take place after the climax
Term
farce
Definition
a type of comedy based on a humorous situation such as a bank robber who mistakenly wanders into a police station to hide
Term
flashback
Definition
a reference to an event which took place prior to the beginning of a story or play
Term
foil
Definition
a character in a play who acts off the main character or other characters by comparison
Term
foot
Definition
the basic unit of measurement in a line of poetry
Term
foreshadowing
Definition
in literature, a method used to build suspense by providing hints of what is to come
Term
free verse
Definition
unrhymed poetry with lines of varying lengths, and containing no specific metrical pattern
Term
genre
Definition
a literary type or form. drama is a genre of literature
Term
haiku
Definition
consists of three lines; five syllables in the first and third lines, and seven syllables in the second line
Term
hyperbole
Definition
a figure of speech in which an overstatement or exaggeration
Term
lamb
Definition
a metrical pattern of one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable
Term
imagery
Definition
a word or group of words in a literary work which appeal to one or more of the senses: sight, taste, touch, hearing, and smell
Term
irony
Definition
the result of an action is the reverse of what the actor expected
Term
local color
Definition
a detailed setting forth of the characteristics of a particular locality, enabling the reader to "see" the setting
Term
lyric poem
Definition
a short poem wherein the poet expresses an emotion or illuminates some life principle
Term
metaphor
Definition
a figure of speech wherein a comparison is made between two unlike quantities without the use of the words "like" or "as"
Term
meter
Definition
a regular pattern of unstressed and stressed syllables in a line or lines of poetry
Term
metonymy
Definition
applying the name of an object to an event, thing, or person which the object is closely related
Term
myth
Definition
an unverifiable story based on a religious belief
Term
narrative poem
Definition
a poem which tells a story
Term
novel
Definition
1700's a fiction prose work of substantial length
Term
ode
Definition
a poem in praise of something divine or expressing some noble idea
Term
onomatopoeia
Definition
a literary device wherein the sound of a word echoes the sound it represents
Term
oxymoron
Definition
a combination of contradictory terms
Term
parable
Definition
a brief story, told or written in order to teach a moral lesson
Term
parody
Definition
a literary work that imitates the style of another literary work
Term
pastoral
Definition
a literary work that has to do with shepherds and rustic settings
Term
personification
Definition
a figure of speech in which something nonhuman is given human characteristics
Term
plot
Definition
the structure of a story
Term
point of view
Definition
the perspective of the narrator
Term
protagonist
Definition
the hero or central character of a literary work
Term
quatrain
Definition
a four-line stanza which may be rhymed or unrhymed
Term
resolution
Definition
the part of a story or drama which occurs after the climax and which establishes a new norm
Term
rhyme
Definition
in poetry, a pattern of repeated sounds
Term
rhythm
Definition
recurrences of stressed and unstressed syllables at equal intervals, similar to meter
Term
rising action
Definition
the part of a drama which begins with the exposition and sets the stage for the climax
Term
romance
Definition
in the middle ages, tales of exciting adventures written in the vernacular
Term
satire
Definition
a piece of literature designed to ridicule the subject of the work
Term
scansion
Definition
a close, critical reading of a poem, examining the work for meter
Term
setting
Definition
the time and place in which a story unfolds
Term
short story
Definition
a short fictional narrative
Term
simile
Definition
a figure of speech which takes the form of a comparison between two unlike quantities for which a basis for comparison can be found, and which uses the words "like" or "as" in the comparison
Term
soliloquy
Definition
in drama, a moment when a character is alone and speaks his or her thoughts aloud
Term
sonnet
Definition
a lyric poem of fourteen lines whose rhyme scheme is fixed
Term
stanza
Definition
a major subdivision in a poem
Term
stereotype
Definition
an author's method of treating a character so that the character is immediately identified with a group
Term
subplot
Definition
a sequence of events often paralleling or resembling the main story
Term
symbolism
Definition
a device in literature where an object represents an idea; natural, conventional and personal
Term
synesthesia
Definition
one sensory experience described in terms of another sensory experience
Term
theatre of the absurd
Definition
a drama based on an absurd situation
Term
theme
Definition
an ingredient of a literary work which gives the work unity
Term
tone
Definition
expresses the author's attitude toward his or her subject
Term
tragedy
Definition
a serious play showing the protagonist moving from good fortune to bad, and ending in a death or death-like state
Term
paradox
Definition
a statement that is seemingly contradictory or absurd, but true
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