a simple character thatis one - dimensional (shows one trait)

 Example:Mr.EwellfromTo Kill a Mockingbird

a complex character that is multi-dimensional (displays many traits)

 Example:Atticus Finch fromTo Killa Mockingbird

a character that stays the same from the beginning to the end of a work.  

Example:Calpurnia from To Killa Mockingbird

a character that changes from the beginning to the end of a work. 

 Example:Scout Finch fromTo Kill a Mockingbird

the main character of a work

a character that acts as an opposite to another character and, because of this, emphasizes the differences between them

narrator knows the actions,feelings, and motivations of only one or a handful of characters

the latter part of the narrative in which the protagonist responds to the events of the climax

an ending that satisfactorily answers all the questions raised over the course of the plot

the central struggle that moves the plot forward

a.  Internal (man vs. self)                  vs.

b.  External(man vs. man,man vs. nature,man vs. society,man vs.fate/

supernatural/machine)

technique of detachment that draws awareness to the discrepancies betweenwhat is

and what seems to be

a.  Verbal:the use of a statement that implies its opposite    Example:sarcasm is a type of verbal irony

c.  Dramatic:a technique in which the author lets the audience or reader in on a character’s situation while the character himself remains in the dark

i.  Example:In Romeo and Juliet, the characters think Juliet is dead, but the audience knows she has just taken the Friar’s sleeping potion.

 b.  Situational:atechnique in which one understanding of a situation stands in sharp contrast to another

 i.  Example:A sailor is stranded in a boat, surrounded by water, but he is dying of thirst. We would expect him to have all the water in the world or for a sailor—if he were to die ANY way, by drowning in water—but, he is actually dying from a lack of drinkable water.

:  a concrete thing that is used to represent an abstract idea or concept

a.  Example:The American flag (aconcrete object) represents freedom, patriotism, liberty (abstract concepts)

language not meant to be taken literally

a.  Metaphor:  a direct comparison between two unlike things

i.  Example:Shakespeare—“All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players…”

Simile:  an indirect comparison between two unlike things using “like”or “as”

i.  Example:Carl Sandburg—“Life is like anonion: You peel it off one layer at a time, and sometimes you weep.”

Personification:giving human attributes to animals, objects, orideas

i.  Example:Emily Dickinson—“Because I could not stop for Death, /he kindly stopped for me…”

1.  Giving Death the human characteristic of “kindly” stopping

the atmosphere of a work (as the reader experiences it)

awriter’s word choices

a.  Denotation:the dictionary definition of a word

i.  Group = more than one; this is a neutral definition and there a real l types of groups

b.  Connotation:the implied, suggested, or “loaded” meaning attached to aword.

(Words can have the same denotative meaning, but very different connotative meanings.)

a story with multiple levels of meaning – a literal level (what is ACUTALLY happening in the story) and a deeper, more symbolic level (commenting on religion, society, politics, etc.)

aquestion asked to emphasize a point, with no answer really expected

a reference to something that is believed to becommonlyknown

a.  Biblical:a reference to the Bible (alsocalled, more generally,religiousallusion)

b.  Classical:areference to GreekorRomanmythology

c.  Historical:a referencetoanimportanthistoricaleventd. Literary: areference toafamous work ofliterature

patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose  Narration:writing that tells a story

b.  Description:writing that describes

c.  Persuasion/argumentation: writing that tries to convince the reader of a particular point

d.  Exposition: writing that explains

the speaker, voice, or character assumed by an author (the “mask” the writer wears when telling a story)

a.  Stanza:  grouping of lines in a poem

b.  Couplet:two successive rhymed lines that are equa lin length   Quatrain:  a four-line stanza

d.  Sestet:a six-line stanza

e.  Octave:  an eight-line stanza

a.  End-stopped line:when there is a break at the end of a line of poetry indicated by a comma, period, semicolon, or other punctuation mark

b.  Caesura: an abrupt break in themiddle of alineof poetry

c.  Enjambment:a line of poetrythat continues into the next linewith no break

d.  Refrain:aphrase or group oflinesthat is repeated at significant moments in apoem

speech from one person

when a character in a play speaks directly to the audience,but the othercharacters onthe stage cannot hear his words

instructions written into the script of a play, indicating stage actions,movements of performers, or production requirements

a very handsome young man [fromAdonis,the handsome young man lovedby

Aphrodite,goddessoflove)

shield orprotection; sponsorship[from aegis, protective shield ofZeus, king of the

Greek gods]

tall, strong,boldwoman[fromtheAmazons, mythologicalraceofwomenwarriors]

delightful,blissful, heavenly

very difficult; requiring the strength of Hercules

a.  a hero of superhuman strength

             ful of confusing passageways; intricate; complicated

unnaturally drowsy, sluggish, dull

inconstant;unstable;subject to rapid and unpredictable mood changesa.  fromMercury, the messenger god

 assuming different forms or shapes

brave resistance to authority or rebellion against the established

order of the universe

refers to a repulsive or terrifying woman

a seemingly endless, perhaps useless task

anything that tempts a person away from safety and toward a destructive path

to fail or be destroyed because of lack of caution and

excessive ambition

a very strong person

a dog with three heads who stood at thegates of the underworld and let dead souls in but not out

Three women who had the power to decide how long people would live and what happened to them.

a nagging woman

the priest inTroy during theTrojan War who warned of Greeks bearing gifts (the

TrojanHorse)

 a beautiful woman

a curious, gifted woman who opened the box she was supposed to leave shut and let out all the evils of mankind except Hope.

any of a group of giants who ruled the universe one at a time. Zeus and some other gods finally ousted them.