What is the primary extensor of the thigh

gluteus maximus

what is the origin and insertion of the gluteus maximus

 O: External iliac ala posterior to posterior gluteal line, the posterior iliac crest, external surfaces of the sacrum and coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament

I: gluteal tuberosity of the femur and the posterosuperior iliotibial tract

what are the actions of gluteus maximus

extends and laterally rotates thigh

what is the nerve and arterial supply to the gluteus maximus

 NS: Inferior gluteal Nerve dorsal divisions of L-5, S-1 and S-2

AS: Superior gluteal Artery, inferior gluteal artery, perforating branches of the profunda femoris artery

what are the three bursae associated with gluteus maximus

 Trochanteric bursa

Ischial bursa

gluteofemoral bursa

this is located intermediate to the gluteus maximus and lateral aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur

 trochanteric bursa of the gluteus maximus

what is the term for inflammation of the trochanteric bursa

bursitis of the hip

when is inflammation of the trochanteric bursa painful

with extension or lateral rotation of thigh when inflammed

 this is located intermediate to the gluteus maximus and the ischial tuberosity

ischial bursa of the gluteus maximus

which bursa would be inflammed because of prolong sitting in the tailor position

ischial bursa

what is inflammation of the ischial bursa called

weavers bottom and sometimes saddle soar

when is inflammation of the ischial bursa painful

when sitting

 what is located intermediate to teh gluteus maximus and vastus lateralis just inferior to teh gluteal tuberosity of the femur

gluteofemoral bursa

where are intermuscular injections given in the buttocks

in the superolateral/upper outer quadrant

what is the primary abductor of the thigh

gluteus medius muscle

what is the origin and insertion of the gluteus medius muscle

 O: external iliac ala intermediate to the anterior and posterior gluteal lines

I: lateral aspect of the greater trochanter

what are the actions of the gluteus medius

abducts the thigh

aids in medial and lateral rotation of the thigh

what are the nerve and arterial supply of gluteus medius

NS: Superior gluteal dorsal divisions of L-4, L-5 and S-1

AS: Superior gluteal artery

what is located intermediate to the gluteus medius muscle and the superior aspect of the femoral greater trochanter

bursa of the gluteus medius muscle

when is pain associated with the bursa of the gluteus medius muscle

 during hip abduction and palpation

what is the origin and insertion of gluteus mininus muscle

O: iliac ala intermediate to the anterior and inferior gluteal lines and the superior edge of the greater sciatic notch

I: anterior aspects of the greater trochanter and the hip joint capsule

what are the actions of gluteus minimus

abduction and medial rotation

what is the nerve and arterial supply for gluteus minimus

NS: Superior gluteal nerve dorsal divisions of L-4,

L-5 and S-1

AS: Superior gluteal artery

what is the origin and insertion of the piriformis muscle

O: pelvic surface of the sacrum

I: Superior aspect of the greater trochanter

what are the actions of piriformis

lateral rotation of the thigh

assists in abduction and extension of the thigh

where does the piriformis exit the pelvis at

greater sciatic foramen

what are the nervous and arterial supply to piriformis

NS: dorsal division of S-2 nerve to piriformis

AS: Superior and inferior gluteal arteries

 this lies inferior to piriformis, deep to neurovascular structures, and adjacent to inferior gemellus muscle belly

superior gemellus muscle

what is the origin and insertion of the superior gemellus muscle

O: ischial spine and superior edge of lesser sciatic notch

I: anterior fossa (unnamed) at medial aspect of the greater trochanter

what tendons insert at the anterior fossa (unnamed)

superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, obturator internus

what is the action of the superior gemellus m

lateral rotation of the thigh

what is the nerve and arterial supply to the superior gemellus m.

NS: Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus ventral divisions of L-5, S-1, S-2

AS: inferior gluteal artery

what is the origin and insertion of the inferior gemellus m

O: inferior margin of lesser sciatic notch and superior border of ischial tuberosity

I: anterior fossa (unnamed) medial edge of greater trochanter

what is the action of the inferior gemellus m

lateral rotation of the thigh

what is the nervous and arterial supply to inferior gemellus m.

NS: nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus ventral rami of L-4, L-5, S-1

AS: medial femoral circumflex artery

this is deep and intermediate to the gemelli muscles

obturator internus tendon

what is the origin and insertion of obturator internus m

O: pelvic surfaces of the obturator foramen and obturator membrane

I: anterior (unnamed) fossa on the medial edge of the greater trochanter

what is the course of the obturator internus

 passes posterolaterally to exit the pelvis via the lesser sciatic foramen then angles anteriorly around the lesser sciatic notch

what are the actions of the obturator internus m.

external rotation of the thigh

extension and abduction of the thigh when the hip is flexed

what are the nervous and arterial supply to the obturator internus m

NS: nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus venteral divisions of L-5, S-1, S-2

AS: superior gluteal and internal pudendal arteries

what is the origin and insertion of the quadratus femoris muscle

O: external border of the ischial tuberosity

I: quadrate tubercle of the femur

what is the action of quadratus femoris m

 lateral rotation of the thigh

what is the nervous and arterial supply to quadratus femoris

NS: nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus ventral divisions of L-4, L-5, S-1

AS: medial femoral circumflex artery

its tendon can be found deep to quadratus femoris

obturator externus

where can the origin of obturator externus be seen at

deep to pectineus at the anterosuperior thigh region

what is the origin and insertion of obturator externus m

O: external surfaces of the obturator foramen and the obturator membrane

I: trochanteric fossa of the femur

what is the action of obturator externus

lateral rotation of the thigh

aids in flexion and adduction of the thigh

what is the nervous and arterial supply to obturator externus

 NS: obturator nerve ventral divisions of L-2, L-3,

 L-4

AS: obturator artery

what is the only gluteal muscle innervated by a nerve coming from the lumbar plexus

obturator externus

what nerves exit the pelvis via greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis

posterior femoral cutaneous

nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus m

sciatic nerve (usually)

inferior gluteal nerve

what nerve exits the pelvis via greater sciatic foramen and superior to piriformis

superior gluteal nerve

what nerve exits the pelvis by piercing the sacrotuberous ligament

perforating cutaneous nerve

what nerves exit via the greater sciatic foramen and reenter via the lesser sciatic foramen

pudendal n

nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus m

where does sciatic normally divide

in the knee region

what variation may be seen with the sciatic nerve

common fibular may exit superior or through the piriformis and course with the tibial part

what are the divisions and spinal levels of pudendal n

ventral divisions of S-2, S-3, S-4

what are the divisions and spinal levels of nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus m

ventral divisions of L-5, S-1, S-2

what are the divisions and spinal levels of posterior femoral cutaneous n

dorsal divisions of S-1, S-2

ventral divisions of S-2, S-3

what are the divisions and spinal levels of nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus

ventral divisions of L-4, L-5, S-1

what are the divisions and spinal levels of sciatic nerve

 dorsal divisions of L-4, L-5, S-1, S-2

ventral divisions of L-4, L-5, S-1, S-2, S-3

what are the divisions and spinal levels of inferior gluteal neve

dorals divisions of L-5, S-1, S-2

what are the divisions and spinal levels of superior gluteal nerve

dorsal divisions of L-4, L-5, S-1

what are the divisions and spinal levels of perforating cutaneous nerve

dorsal divisions of S-2, S-3

which gluteal artery exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen and reenters vis the lesser sciatic foramen

internal pudendal artery

what does inferior gluteal artery supply before it exits

piriformis, levator ani, coccygeus mm

what does inferior gluteal artery supply after it exits

gluteus maximus, superior gemellus, sciatic nerve, hip joint

what does superior gluteal artery supply before it exits

piriformis and obturator internus mm

what does superior gluteal artery supply after it exits

superficial branch supplies gluteus maximus

deep branch supplies gluteus medius and minimus, tensor fascia lata, hip joint

what does  the superior gluteal artery travel with

superior gluteal nerve