Positive Finding:
herniated disk

tumor

osteophyte

space-occupying lesion

Positive Finding:

Inability to life leg may reflect neuromuscular weakness

Positive Finding:
Increased pain with neck & hip flexion.

Pain is relieved when knee is flexed.

Pain indicative of meningeal irritation, nerve root impingement, dural irritation

Positive Finding:

Knee flexed >20 degrees - tight hamstrings

Positive Finding:

Painful radicular reproduction following popliteal compression - tension on sciatic nerve

Positive Finding:

Subject arches backward and/or complains of pain in buttocks, post. thigh, and calf during knee extension - sciatic nerve pain

Positive Finding:
Leg and/or low back pain with dorsiflexion and/or kneck flexion - dural involvement.

Lack of pain with dorsiflexion and/or neck flexion - tight hamstring, lumbar spine or SI joint involvement.

Pain at hip flexion >70 degrees - lumbar spine or SI joint involvement.

Positive Finding:

anterior SI ligament pathology

tight hip flexors

femoral nerve tension

Positive Finding:

SI Joint

Positive Finding:

Iliopsoas, SI, or hip joint abnormalities

Positive Finding:

Leg appears longer in supine but shorter in long-sitting: ipsilateral anteriorly rotated ilium

Leg appears shorter in supine but longer in long-sitting: ipsilaterally posteriorly rotated ilium

Positive Finding:

>15 degrees - femoral anteversion: toeing in, squinting patellae

<8 degrees - femoral retroversion: toeing out

Positive Finding:

Inability of leg to adduct & touch table - tight ITB

Positive Finding:

Tightness/pain in hip & buttocks area - piriformis tightness
Pain in buttock & post. thigh - sciatic nerve impingement secondary to tight piriformis

Positive Finding:

Difference >1cm - discrepancies in length or femur or tibia, or angle of femoral neck inclination

Positive Finding:

Patellar subluxation or dislocation

Positive Finding:

Floating or ballotable patella - severe joint effusion

Positive Finding:

Intracapsular swelling

Positive Finding:

Normal female - 18 degrees

Normal male - 13 degrees

Greater/Less - patellofemoral pathology

Positive Finding:

Pain, grinding, or clicking - meniscal tear

Positive Finding:

Rubbery endfeel or springy block - meniscal tear

Positive Finding:

Pain with movement or patella or inability to complete test - chondromalacia patella

Positive Finding:

Pain under thumb when subject's knee is in 30 degrees of flexion - ITB friction syndrome

Positive Finding:

Pain present under thumb when subject's knee positioned in 30 degrees of flexion - ITB friction syndrome

Positive Finding:

Pain/popping over medial aspect of the knee - abnormal plica

Positive Finding:

One tibia resting more inferiorly than the other - posterior sag or instability - PCL

Positive Finding:

Posterior displacement of the tibia - posterior instability - PCL, arcuate ligament complex, & post. oblique ligament

Positive Finding:

Lateral tibial plateau subluxes posteriorly & "clunk" at ~20-30 degrees of flexion - posterolateral rotary instability, PCL, LCL, posterolateral capsule, & arcuate complex

Positive Finding:

Partial/Complete tear of ACL

Positive Finding:

Partial/complete tear of ACL

Positive Finding:

Anterolateral rotary instability secondary to partial/complete tear of ACL and posterolateral capsule

Positive Finding:

Anteromedial rotary instability secondary to MCL, ACL, & posteromedial capsule

Positive Finding:

"clunk" at ~20-30 degrees flexion - anterolateral rotary instability secondary to torn ACL & posterolateral capsule

Positive Finding:

"clunk" at 30 degrees of knee flexion while being extended - anterolateral rotary instability

Positive Finding:

Partial/complete tear PCL

Positive Finding:

Posteromedial rotary instability secondary to PCL, posteromedial capsule, MCL, & posterior oblique lig

Positive Finding:

Posterolateral rotary instability secondary to PCL, LCL, posterolateral capsule, & arcuate complex

Positive Finding:

Partial/complete tear of PCL

Positive Finding:

Increased hyperextension & external tibial rotation - posterolateral rotary instability - PCL, LCL, posterolateral capsule, & arcuate complex

Positive Finding:

Medial knee pain or increased movement - MCL PCL, posteromedial capsule (full extension); MCL (20-30 degrees of flexion)

Positive Finding:

Lateral knee pain or increased movement - LCL, PCL, arcuate complex (full extension); LCL (20-30 degrees of flexion)

Positive Finding:

"click" along medial joint line - medial meniscus tear
"click" along lateral joint line - lateral meniscus tear

Positive Finding:

Distraction - ligamentus
Compression - meniscal

Positive Finding:

Pain during rotation or lacks full flexion - meniscal tear

Positive Finding:

Anterior talofibular ligament sprain

Positive Finding:

Tear of calcaneofibular ligament

Positive Finding:

Tear of deltoid ligament

Positive Finding:

Absense of plantar flexion upon squeezing - ruptured Achilles' tendon

Positive Finding:

Fracture

Positive Finding:

Pain between met heads - Morton's Neuroma

Positive Finding:

Fracture

Positive Finding:

Pain along medial aspect of ankle when externally rotated in neutral dorsiflexion - deltoid lig injury

Pain along medial aspect when externally rotated in dorsiflexion - distal tibiofibular syndesmotic involvement

Positive Finding:

Pain in midfoot - midfoot sprain