Origin (PA): Sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and discs between them; transverse process of all lumbar vertebrae

Insertion (DA): Joins with iliacus muscle to insert on the lesser trochanter of the femur

Action: flexes thigh at the hip and stabalizes hip 

Origin (PA): Iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior sacroiliac ligaments

Insertion (DA): Meets with the psoas major and inserts on the lesser trochanter of the femur

Action: Flexes thigh at the hip joint and stabilizes the hip

PI: Femoral nerve

SI: L2, L3

Origin (PA): Margins of the obturator foramen and obturator membrane

Insertion (DA): Trochanteric fossa

Action: Laterally rotates thigh, steadies the head of the femur in the acetabulum 

PI: Obturator nerve (posterior branch)

Origin (PA): Sides of T12-L1 vertebrae and intervertebral discs

Insertion (DA): Pectineal line of the pubis, iliopectineal eminence via iliopectineal arch

Action: Flex thigh at hip and stabalize hip 

Origin (PA): (adductor) inferior ramus of the pubis, ramus of the ischium (hamstring) ischial tuberosity

Insertion (DA): (adductor) gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line, (hamstring) adductor tubercle

Action: Adducts thigh (adductor part also flexes and hamstring part also extend thigh)

PI: (adductor) obturator nerve (posterior branch) (hamstring) tibial nerve

Origin (PA): superior ramus of the pubis

Insertion (DA): Pectineal line of the femur (inferior to lesser trochanter)

Action: Adducts and flexes thigh, assists with medial rotation of the thigh

PI:Femoral nerve, Accessory obturator nerve

SI:L2, L3

Origin (PA): Body / Inferior ramus of the pubis

Insertion (DA): Pectineal line of the femur and proximal part of the linea aspera

Action: Adducts thigh, flexes thigh to some extent

PI: Obturator nerve (anterior branch)

Origin (PA): Body of the pubis, inferior to the pubic crest

Insertion (DA): Middle third of the linea aspera

Action: Adducts the thigh

PI: Obturator nerve (anterior branch)

SI: L2, L3, L4

Origin (PA): ASIS and superior part of the notch inferior to it

Insertion (DA): Superior part of the medial surface of the Tibia

Action: Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint, flexes leg at knee (medially rotating leg when knee is flexed)

PI: Femoral Nerve

Origin (PA): AIIS and ilium right above acetabulum

Insertion (DA): Runs into the quadriceps tendon to the base of the patellar (which connects with the patellar ligament that inserts on the tibial tuberosity)

Action: Extends the leg at the knee joint, steadies the hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh

PI: Femoral nerve

Origin (PA): Greater trochanter and lateral lip of the linea aspera

Insertion (DA): Runs into the quadriceps tendon to base of patella (which runs into the patellar ligament that connects with the tibial tuberosity) and to the patella and tibia via the lateral retinaculum

Action: Extend leg at the knee joint

PI: Femoral Nerve

Origin (PA): Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of the linea aspera

Insertion (DA): Run into the quadriceps tendon at the base of the patella (which runs into the patellar ligament that inserts on the tibial tuberosity) and to the patella and tibia via the medial retinaculum

Action: Extend leg at knee joint

PI: Femoral Nerve

Origin (PA): Anterior and lateral shaft of the femur

Insertion (DA): Run into the quadriceps tendon at the base of the patella (which runs into the patellar ligament that inserts on the tibial tuberosity)

Action: Extend leg at knee

PI: Femoral nerve

Origin (PA): Body and inferior ramus of the pubis

Insertion (DA): Superior part of the medial surface of tibia

Action: Adducts thigh, flexes leg, helps rotate leg medially

PI: Obturator Nerve (anterior branch)

Origin (PA): ASIS and anterior part of the iliac crest

Insertion (DA): iliotibial tract (IT band)

Action: Abducts and medially rotates thigh, keeps pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and helps advance opposite side during swing step of gait 

PI: Superior Gluteal nerve

Origin (PA): Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx; sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion (DA): gluteal tuberosity and IT band (Iliotibial tract)

Action: Extends thigh and assists in its lateral rotation; steadies thigh and assists in rising from sitting position

PI: inferior gluteal nerve

SI: L5, S1, S2

Origin (PA): Long head: Ischial tuberosity.  Short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line

Insertion (DA): Lateral side of head of fibula; tendon is split there by fibular collateral ligament

Action:Flexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; extends thigh

PI:Long head: tibial nerve.  Short head: common peroneal nerve

SI: L5, S1, S2

Origin (PA): Ischial tuberosity

Insertion (DA): Medial surface of superior part of tibia

Action:Extend thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed; when thigh and leg are flexed, these mscles can extend trunk

PI: Tibial nerve

SI: L5, S1, S2

Origin (PA): Ischial tuberosity

Insertion (DA):Posterior part of medial condyle of Tibia; reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament

Action:Extend thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed; when thigh and leg are flexed, these mscles can extend trunk

PI: tibial nerve

SI: L5, S1, S2

Origin (PA): Lateral head: lateral surface of the lateral condyle of the femur Medial head: popliteal fossa of the femur superior to the medial condyle

Insertion (DA): Posterior surface of the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon

Action: Flexes leg at knee joint, plantarflexes when knee is extended and raises heel during walking

PI: Tibial Nerve

SI: S1, S2

Origin (PA): Posterior aspect of the head and superior quarter of posterior fibula; soleal line and middle third of medial border of the tibia; and tendinous arch extending between bony attachments 

Insertion (DA): Posterior surface of calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon 

Action: Plantarflexes (not dependent on position of knee) and stabalizes the leg on foot

PI: Tibial Nerve

SI: S1, S2

Origin (PA): Inferior end of the lateral supracondylar line of the femur; oblique popliteal ligament

Insertion (DA): Posterior surface of the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon

Action: Weakly assists the gastrocnemius in plantarflexion

PI: Tibial Nerve

Origin (PA): Lateral surface of the lateral condyle of the femur and lateral meniscus

Insertion (DA): Posterior surface of the tibia, superior to the soleus line

Action: Weakly flexes the knee and unlocks it by rotating femur 5 degrees on the fixed tibia; medially rotates the tibia of unplanted limb 

PI: Tibial nerve

Origin (PA): Lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia and interosseus membrane 

Insertion (DA): Medial and inferior surfaces of the medial cuneiform and base of the first metarsal

Action: Dorsiflexes ankle and inverts foot

PI: Deep Peroneal Nerve

SI: L4, L5

Origin (PA): Lateral condyle of Tibia and superior three quarters of medial surface of Fibular and interosseus membrane 

Insertion (DA): medial and distal phalange of lateral four digits

Action: Extend lateral four digits and dorsiflex the ankle

PI: Deep Peroneal Nerve

SI:

Origin (PA): Middle part of the anterior surface of the fibula and interorsseus membrane

Insertion (DA): Dorsal aspect of the base of the distal phalanx of the great toe 

Action: Extend the great toe and dorsiflex the ankle

PI: Deep Peroneal

SI: L5, S1

Origin (PA): Inferior third of the anterior surface of the fibula and interosseus membrane 

Insertion (DA): Dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal 

Action: Dorsiflexs foot and aids in eversion

PI: Deep Peroneal Nerve

Origin (PA): Head and superior two-thirds of lateral surface of fibula

Insertion (DA): Base of the first metatarsal and medial cuneiform 

Action: Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle

PI: Superficial Peroneal Nerve

SI: L5, S1

Origin (PA): Inferior two-thirds of the lateral surface of fibula

Insertion (DA): Dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal 

Action: Everts the foot and weakly plantarflexes

PI: Superficial Peroneal Nerve

SI: L5, S1

Origin (PA): Interosseus membrane; posterior surface of Tibia inferior to soleal line; posterior surface of fibular 

Insertion (DA): Tuberosity of navicular, cuneiform, cuboid and sustentaculum tali of calcaneus; bases of 2, 3, and 4th metatarsal

Action: Plantarflexes ankle and inverts foot

PI: Tibial Nerve

SI: L4, L5

Origin (PA): Medial part of posterior surface of tibia, inferior to soleal line; by a broad tendon to fibula 

Insertion (DA): Bases of the distal phalanges of lateral four digits

Action: Flexes lateral four digits; plantarflexes ankle; supports longitudinal arch of foot

PI: Tibial Nerve

Origin (PA): Inferior two thirds of posterior surface of fibular; inferior part of interosseus membrane

Insertion (DA): Base of the distal phalanx of the great toe

Action: Flexes the great toe at all joints; weakly plantarflexes ankle; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

PI: Tibial Nerve

SI: L5, S1, S2

Origin (PA): Calcaneus (floor of tarsal sinus); interosseus talocalcaneal ligament; stem of infereior extensor retinaculum 

Insertion (DA): Long extensor tendon of digits 2-4 

Action: Aids the extensor digitorum longus in extending the four medial toes at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints 

PI: Deep Poroneal nerve

Origin (PA): Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus; flexor retinaculum; plantar aponeurosis 

Insertion (DA): Medial base of the proximal phalanx of the first digit

Action: Abducts and flexes 1st digit 

PI: medial plantar nerve

Origin (PA): lateral borders of the ischial tuberosity

Insertion (DA): Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest and area inferior to it

Action: Laterally rotates thigh; steadies head of femur in acetabulum

PI: Nerve to the inferior gemellus and quadratus femoris

SI: L5, S1

Origin (PA): Ischial tuberosity

Insertion (DA): trochanteric fossa

Action: Laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh, steady femoral head in acetabulum

PI: Nerve to Quadratus Femoris and Inferior Gemellus 

Origin (PA): Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones

Insertion (DA): Trochanteric fossa

Action: Laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulum

PI: Nerve to Obturator Internus and Superior Gemellus

Origin (PA): ischial spine

Insertion (DA): trochanteric fossa

Action: Laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh, steady femoral head in acetabulum

PI: Nerve to Obturator Internus and Superior Gemellus 

Origin (PA): Anterior surface of Sacrum; sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion (DA): Superior border of greater trochanter

Action:Laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulum

PI: Nerve to the piriformis 

Origin (PA): External surface of the ilium between the posterior and anterior gluteal line

Insertion (DA): lateral surface of the greater trochanter

Action: abducts and medially rotates the thigh, keeps pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite side during its swing

PI: superior gluteal nerve

SI: L4, L5, S1

Origin (PA): External surface of Ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

Insertion (DA): Anterior surface of the greater trochanter

Action: Abduct and medially rotate the thigh and keeps pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite side during its swing

PI:Superior Gluteal Nerve

Origin (PA): Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms 

Insertion (DA): Both sides of base of proximal phalanx of first digit 

Action: Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit

PI: Medial plantar 

SI:

Origin (PA): Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis; intermuscular septa 

Insertion (DA): Both sides of middle phalanges of lateral four digits 

Action: Flexes lateral four digits

PI: Medial plantar

Origin (PA): Tendons of the flexor digitorum longus 

Insertion (DA): Medial aspect of expansion over lateral four digits 

Action: Flexes proximal phalanges, extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits 

PI: 1st: medial plantar nerve 2-4: lateral plantar nerve 

Origin (PA): Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus 

Insertion (DA): posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus 

Action: Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits

PI: lateral plantar 

Origin (PA): Medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis; intermuscular septa 

Insertion (DA): Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit 

Action: abducts and flexes the 5th digit

PI: lateral plantar nerve 

SI: S2, S3

Origin (PA): Base of the 5th metatarsal

Insertion (DA): Base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit 

Action: Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit, thereby assisting with its flexion 

PI: lateral plantar nerve

Origin (PA): Oblique Head: base of metatarsals 2-4. Transverse head: plantar ligaments of metatarsophalangeal joints 

Insertion (DA): Tendons of both heads attach to the lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit 

Action: Adducts 1st digit; assists in transverse arch of foot by metatarsals medially

PI: lateral plantar nerve

Origin (PA): Bases and medial sides of metatarsals 3-5

Insertion (DA): Medial sides of the bases of phalanges 3-5

Action: Adduct digits 3-5 and flex the metatarsophalangeal joints 

PI: lateral plantar nerve

SI:

Origin: Inferior part of the anterior aspect of the femur

Insert: Synovial membrane of the knee joint and the wall of the suprapatellar bursa

Action: Pulls the synovial membrane superior during extension

PI: Femoral Nerve