How many bones make up the pelvis?

4

2 pelvic bones, os coxae

1 sacrum

1 coccyx

Name the 4 bones in the pelvis

2 pelvic bones, os coxae

1 sacrum

1 coccyx

What are the two functions of the pelvis

contain and protect pelvic organs

aid in locomotion via force transfer

what makes up the pelvic girdle

2 pelvic bones

 what is the function of the pelvic girdle

attach lower limb to the trunk

 what are the distinctive features of the sacrum

 forms a primary curvature

5 vertbrae fused together

the _______ of the sacrum articulates with the ________ vertebrae

base, L-5

 the _______ of the sacrum articulates with the ________.

apex, coccyx

what are the distinct characteristics of the coccyx

 4 vertebrae fused

into 2 or 3 segments

the ______ of the coccyx articulates with the ______ of the sacrum

base, apex

What does the apex of the coccyx articulate with

it has no articulation it is just the inferior end

What is formed by the fusion of the sacral vertebral bodies

transverse ridges (4)

What is the last area in the body to complete ossification?

transverse ridges of the sacrum

which type of rami pass through the anterior sacral foramina

ventral rami s-1 through s-4

What structure allows passage of the ventral rami S-1 through S-4

anterior sacral foramina

Another name for the anterior superior edge of the S-1 vertebrae

sacral promontory

What direction does the sacral promontory project in the body

anteroinferior

what structure is made from the fused transverse processes of S-1 vertebrae

 Sacral Alae (ala means wings)

This structure allows for passage of the cauda equina

sacral canal

What is the sacral canal

spinal canal of the sacrum that allows for passage of the cauda equina

what forms the median sacral crest

fused spinous processes of  S-1 through S-4

the fused spinous processes of S-1 through S-4 make what structure

median sacral crest

what is the sacral hiatus

inferior opening of the sacral canal

what structures form the sacral hiatus

the lamina from S-5 that do not fuse

what is the purpose of the sacral hiatus

for passage of meninges and spinal nerves

what is the sacral cornu

small projections at the lateral margins of the sacral hiatus

Which type of rami pass through the posterior sacral foramina

dorsal rami S-1 through S-4

What dorsal rami of S-1 through S-4 pass through which structure

posterior sacral foramina

this structure is formed from the fusion of the superior and inferior articular processes of the sacrum

intermediate sacral crest

What forms the intermediate sacral crest

fusion of the superior and inferior articular processes of the sacrum

 this is formed by the fusion of the vertebral laminae S-1 through S-4

sacral groove

what is the sacral groove

the depressed area between the median and intermediate sacral crests

 this is formed by the fusion of the transverse processes of the sacral vertebrae

lateral sacral crest

how is the sacral crest formed

fusion of the transverse processes of the sacral vertebrae

what is the superior articular processes of Co-1

coccygeal cornu

what does the coccygeal cornu articulate with and how does it do this 

sacral cornu via ligamentous attachment

this articulates with the pelvic bone

auricular surface

the auricular surface is part of which joint

sacroiliac joint (synovial)

classify the sacroiliac joint

synovial

what is the sacral tuberosity

posterior part of the lateral surface for attachment of ligaments

 when are the primary centers of ossification present in the sacrum

at birth

where are the primary centers of ossification located at in the sacrum

each vertebral body

each segment of lateral masses

each lamina

when do the secondary centers of ossification appear in the sacrum

between puberty and age 20

where are the secondary centers of ossification located at in the sacrum

upper and lower surfaces of the bodies

spinous processes

transverse processes

lateral surfaces

at what age are the secondary centers of ossification of the sacrum fused

all fused by 25

except the transverse ridges which happens in middle age

what is another name for the pelvic bone

os coxa

 what are the three articulation of the pelvic bone

 posteriorly with lateral surface of sacrum

anteriorly with the symphyseal surface of the other pelvic bone

laterally with the femoral head

how many bones are fused together to make up the pelvic bone

3 bones

ilium

ischium

pubis

what is the ilium

large superior portion of the pelvic bone

what are the two parts of the ilium

iliac body

iliac ala (the wing)

What is the ischium

the posteroinferior portion of the pelvic bone

what is the posterosuperior portion of the ischium called

ischial body

What are the surfaces of the ischial body

femoral surface (external faces laterally )

Pelvic surface (internal faces medially)

dorsal (posterior)

what is the anteroinferior projection of the ischium

ischial ramus

what are the surfaces of the ischial ramus

anterior (external faces laterally)

posterior (internal faces medially)

Which surface of the ischial ramus is smooth and which is rough

 anterior rough

posterior smooth

what is the pubis?

anteroinferior portion of the pelvic bone

what are the three parts of the pubis

 pubic body

superior pubic ramus

inferior pubic ramus

what are the three surfaces of the pubic body

symphyseaal surface

femoral surface

pelvic surface

which surface of the pubic body articulaates at the pubic symphsis

symphyseal surface

which surface of the pubic body is internal which is external

pelvic internal (posterior)

femoral external (anterior)

What are the surfaces of the pubic ramus

obturator surface

pectineal surface

pelvic surface

this surface is a continuation of the femoral surface of the body

obturator surface of the superior pubic ramus

what is the position of the obturator surface of the superior pubic ramus

 medially it is the anterior surface but it spirals to an inferior postion at the lateral end

which surface of the superior pubic ramus

narrows medially and expands laterally which does the opposite

pectineal surface

pelvic surface

this part of the pubis joins the ischial ramus

inferior pubic ramus

what is the ischiopubic ramus/conjoined ramus

the inferior pubic ramus and the ischial ramus conjoined

this structure can be palpated along its entire length

iliac crest

patients refer to this as the hip bone

iliac crest

what is the iliac crest

superior border of the ilium or iliac ala

this is used as a point of measurement for limb length

anterior superior iliac spine

this lies below the skin dimple at low back

posterior superior iliac spine

________ may be palpated medial and inferior to _______ depending on weight

Anterior inferior iliac spine

anterior superior iliac spine

what is the iliac tuberosity

the roughened area on the posteromedial surface of the ilium

_________ is the synovical joint surface on the posteromedial surface of the ilium

auricular surface

where does the auricular surface lie

posterior to the iliac fossa and inferior to the level of the PSIS

a small sharp projection on posterior border of the ischium

ischial spine

 what closes the great sciatic notch and what does it form when it is closed

 sacrospinous ligament

great sciatic foramen

what passes through the great sciatic foramen

neurovascular structures and the piriformis m.

what is the location of the great sciatic notch

intermediate to the PIIS and the ischial spine

this is the weight bearing area when seated or the problem area when saddle sore

ischial tuberosity

where can the ischial tuberosity be palpated at

through soft tissue at inferomedial gluteal region

what closes the lesser sciatic notch and what does it form when its closed

sacrotuberous ligament

lesser sciatic foramen

what passes through the lesser sciatic foramen

neurovascular structures

obturator internus m

what is the anatomic location of the lesser sciatic notch

intermediate to the ischial spine and the ischial tuberosity

What forms the obturator foramen

ischial ramus, ischial body, pubic body and rami

the pubic crest extends from the ________

to the _______

symphyseal surface

pubic tubercle

where can the pubic crest be palpated at

anteroinferior aspect of teh abdomen

this can be palpated about 1 in from the median plane

pubic tubercle

this seperates the iliac ala and body

arcuate line

what two structures does the arcuate line seperate

iliac ala and body

what surfaces are seperated by the pectineal line

the pectineal and pelvic surfaces of the pubis

the acruate and pectineal lines are continuous with each via what line

iliopectineal line

what is the anatomic location of the iliopectineal eminece

at the junction of the iliac body and the superior pubic ramus

what closes the obturator groove/sulcus

obturator membrane

 the symphyseal surface of the pubis articulates at the ________ which is a _________ joint which is functionally classified as a ____________

pubic symphysis

secondary cartilaginous

functional amphiarthroses

this lies about 1 to 2 in posterior to the ASIS

iliac tubercle

where can the iliac tubercle be palpated at

at the superior lateral margain of the iliac crest

the shortest marking line on the external iliac ala

posterior gluteal line

where does the posterior gluteal line run

anteriorinferiorly from near the PSIS to the level of the PIIS

What is the longest and most distinct marking line on the external iliac ala

anterior gluteal line

where does the anterior gluteal line run

posteroinferiorly from iliac tubercle to the superior margin of the greater sciatic notch

What is the least defined marking line of the external iliac ala

inferior gluteal line

where does the inferior gluteal line run

intermediate to ASIS and AIIS to the greater sciatic notch

what is the function of all the gluteal marking lines

seperate muscle attachments

What three bones make up the acetabulum

body of the ilium

body of the ischium

superior pubic ramus

The body of the ilium makes up which part and what percent of the acetabulum

superior 40%

the body of the ischium makes up which part and what percent of the acetabulum

posterior inferior and 40%

the superior pubic ramus makes up which part and what percent of the acetabulum

anterior inferior 20%

what other bone does the acetabulum articulate with and what is the classification of the joint

femur

synovial spheriod joint

the smooth articular surface of teh acetabulum

lunate surface

roughened central depression of the acetabulum

acetabular fossa

these structures are formed mostly from the ischial body

acetabular fossa

acetabular notch

 the depressed area between the ends of the lunate

acetabular notch

this closes the acetabular notch to the acetabular foramen

transverse acetabular ligament

the outer raised edge of the acetabulum

acetabular rim

the sharp border between the pectineal and obturator surfaces of the pubis

obturator crest

how many primary and secondary ossification centers does the pelvic bone have

3 primary

4 secondary

where are the primary ossification centers and when do they appear

Ilium = 9th fetal week

Ischium = 4th fetal month

pubis = 4th fetal month

 where are the secondary ossification centers of the pubic bone located between what ages do they appear

 iliac crest

acetabulum

pubic body

ischial tuberosity

15 to 25 yrs

in anatomic position what two structures of the pelvis line in the coronal plane

ASIS and pubic tubercles

what four things make up the linea terminalis

arcuate line

iliopectineal line

pectineal line

pubic crest

divides the pelvis into superior and inferior portions

brim of the pelvis

where do the two imaginary lines of the pelvis run

1. from one arcuate line to the other across the sacral promontory

2. from one pubic crest to another across the symphysis pubis

what is the greater pelvis/false pelvis

pelvic area superior to pelvic brim

what is the lesser pelvis/true pelvis

pelvic area inferior to the pelvic brim

what bones make up the lesser pelvis

pubic bones

ischial bones

iliac bodies

sacrum and coccyx

the exit of the true pelvis

pelvic outlet

the smooth ball like knob of the femur

the head or proximal epiphysis

where does the head of the femur articulate with the os coxa at

lunate surface of the acetabulum

what is the depression at the medial edge of the head of the femur

fovea capitis femoris

what is the large bone projection at the junction of the neck and shaft

greater trochanter

where can the greater trochanter of the femur be palpated at

lateral aspect of the  hip

the posteromedial projection at the junction of the neck and shaft

lesser trochanter

what is the ridge from teh greater trochanter to just inferior to the lesser trochanter

intertrochanteric line

the medial part of the distal ephphysis of the femur

medial condyle

where is the medial condyle palpated at

medial aspect of the knee joint

what type of a joint is the knee joint

synovial bicoondylar

what is the prominence on the medial aspect of the medial condyle

medial epicondyle

where is the medialepicondyle palpated at

proximomedial aspect of the knee

what is the adductor tubercle

sharp prominence at the superior edge of the medial epicondyle

where is the adductor tubercle palpated

only the area can be determined too much muscle around it to palpate it

what is the lateral condyle

the lateral part of teh distal epiphysis of the femur

what is the lateral epicondyle

prominence at the lateral aspect of the lateral condyle

where is the lateral condyle palpated

lateral aspect of the knee joint

where is the lateral epicondyle palpated at

at the proximolateral aspect of the knee

what is the patellar surface

smooth anterior surface of teh condyles for articulation with the patella

where is the patellar surface palapated at

with the knee flexed the margains can be palpated

what are the two fossa of the greater trochanter

trochanteric fossa

unnamed fossa

which fossa is the most posterior and distinct

trochanteric fossa

which fossa is very ill defined

unnamed fossa

what is the intertrochanteric crest

ridge from greater trochanter to lesser trochanter posteriorly

which is posterior and which is anterior

intertrochanteric line

intertrochanteric crest

anterior intertrochanteric line

posteior intertrochanteric crest

what is the quadrate tubercle

the small square shaped projection about midway alongthe intertrochanteric crest

what is the linea aspera

ridge consisting of three lines that pass lengthwise along the entire shaft  on the posterior surface

what is the medial lip

medial edge of the linea aspera

what is the spiral line

the superior continuation of the medial lip of the linea aspera

what is the spiral line continuous with anteriorly

intertrochanteric line

what is the medial supracondylar line

inferior continuation of the medial lip of the linea aspera

where does the medial supracondylar line end at

adductor tubercle

what is the intermediate lip

central line of the linea aspera

which lip of the linea aspera is only well defined superiorly

intermediate lip

what is the superior continuation of the intermediate lip of the linea aspera

 pectineal line

what is the lateral lip

lateral edge  of the linea aspera

what is the superior continuation of the lateral lip of the linea aspera

gluteal tuberosity

what is the gluteal tuberosity called if enlarged

gluteal trochanter/third trochanter

this lies at the midpoint of the femur between the medial and lateral lips of linea aspera

nutrient foramen

what is the purpose of nutrient foramen

allows passage of vessels to nouris the shaft of the bone

what is the intercondylar notch

large depression between the medial and lateral condyles

what is the intercondylar line

superior edge of teh intercondylar fossa

where is the primary center of ossification in the femur and when does it appear

in the shaft near midshaft

7th fetal week

where are the secondary centers of ossification for the femur and when do they appear

femoral condyles (near birth may be one or two)

head of the femur (by 1st year)

greater trochanter (between 4th and 5th year)

lesser trochanter (between 12th and 14th year)

when do the secondary centers of ossification fuse in the femur

in  reverse order of apperance between 16th and 20th year

what is the femoral shaft angle in the frontal plane

10-15 degrees

what is the angle of inclination

angle formed by the long axis of the head and neck with the long axis of the shaft

what is the typical angle of inclination

at birth 150 degrees

adulthood 125 degrees

what is the angle of declination

angle formed by the long axis of the head and neck with the line of the bicondylar plane

what is angle of declination measuring

longitudinal twisting in the bone

what is the typical angle of declination

birth 40 degrees

adulthood 10 degrees